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Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans Lauren Becker, MD John Fenyk, MD Daniel Miller, MD

Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol

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Page 1: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol

Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans

Lauren Becker, MDJohn Fenyk, MDDaniel Miller, MD

Page 2: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol

We have no financial disclosures

Page 3: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol

Clinical presentation

• 40‐year‐old Somali male• Presented to dermatology clinic one month after immigrating to Minneapolis from an Ethiopian refugee camp

• Described 8 year history of progressive bumps on head, neck, extremities and mucosae

• Stiff hands and tongue, decreased appetite• Feels otherwise well, socially embarrassed

Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb March April2015 2016

Page 4: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol

Clinical presentation

• Family History– 2 children in Ethiopia, healthy– No history of renal or GI cancer

• Social History– Estranged from wife and children due to social stigma– Non‐smoker

• Medications– None at time of initial presentation

Page 5: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol
Page 6: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol
Page 7: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol
Page 8: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol
Page 9: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol

Clinical impression• Cutaneous/mucosal papillomas• Acanthosis nigricans‐like intertriginousplaques

• Velvety palms

Page 10: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol

Clinical impression: differential diagnosis

• Cutaneous/mucosal papillomas– Verruca vulgaris– Epidermodysplasia verruciformis– Malignancy associated

• Acanthosis nigricans‐like intertriginousplaques

• Velvety palms

Page 11: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol

Clinical impression: differential diagnosis• Cutaneous/mucosal papillomas

– Verruca vulgaris– Epidermodysplasia verruciformis– Malignancy associated

• Acanthosis nigricans‐like intertriginous plaques– Acanthosis nigricans (AN)

• Metabolic disease• Syndromic AN• Autoimmune AN• Familial• Malignancy associated

– Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis– Intertriginous granular parakeratosis

• Velvety palms

Page 12: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol

Clinical impression: differential diagnosis• Cutaneous/mucosal papillomas

– Verruca vulgaris– Epidermodysplasia verruciformis– Malignancy associated

• Acanthosis nigricans‐like intertriginous plaques– Acanthosis nigricans (AN)

• Metabolic disease• Syndromic AN• Autoimmune AN• Familial• Malignancy associated

– Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis– Intertriginous granular parakeratosis

• Velvety palms– Malignancy associated– Severe form of acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf

Page 13: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol

Impression & Plan

• Strongly suspecting malignancy associated process

• Biopsy to rule out HPV• Initiate laboratory and systemic malignancy work up

Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb March April2015 2016

Page 14: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol
Page 15: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol

Plan

• Ruled out HPV

• Initiate search for underlying malignancy

Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb March April2015 2016

Page 16: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol

Plan

• Ruled out HPV

• Initiate search for underlying malignancy– CT of chest, abdomen, pelvis unrevealing– CBC with absolute eosinophils 1.09 

Page 17: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol

Plan• Ruled out HPV• Initiate search for underlying malignancy

– CT of chest, abdomen, pelvis unrevealing– CBC with absolute eosinophils 1.09 

• Positive Schistosoma IgG 0.38• Tx: Praziquantel 12/2015

• Referred to oncology and gastroenterology

Page 18: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol

Further workup and management• Ruled out HPV• Initiate search for underlying malignancy

– CT of chest, abdomen, pelvis unrevealing– Upper endoscopy and colonoscopy with normal biopsies– CBC with absolute eosinophils 1.09 

• Positive Schistosoma IgG 0.38• Tx: Praziquantel 12/2015

• Symptomatic referrals:– Ophthalmology, otolaryngology

• Multidisciplinary approach to care:– Oncology following q 6 months– GI with negative scopes– Urology consult secondary to positive Schistosomiasis

Page 19: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol

• Ongoing malignancy surveillance for 9 months was negative

Page 20: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol

AcanthosisNigricans

Florid cutaneous(mucosal) 

papillomatosis

Tripe palms

Page 21: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol

Initial presentation 4 month followupAcitretin 50 mg/day

Page 22: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol

Initial presentation 4 month followupAcitretin 50 mg/day

Page 23: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol

Urologic evaluation• 5/20/16 cystoscopy

– Occult papillary tumor at the left trigone– Not identified on prior CT C/A/P– Bx = papillary urothelial carcinoma, low grade– Mitomycin D intraoperative treatment

• 11/30/16: persistent tumor OR fulguration • 12/22/16: BCG instillation q6weeks• 3/2017: Followup cystoscopy planned 

Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb March April May2015 2016

Page 24: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol
Page 25: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol

6 weeks status‐post intraoperative mitomycin D injection of low‐grade papillary urothelial carcinoma

Page 26: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol

Initial presentation 6 weeks status‐postmitomycin C

Page 27: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol

Discussion• Florid cutaneous papillomatosis

– Also known as Schwartz‐Burgess Syndrome– Most commonly associated with gastric adenocarcinoma

• Malignant acanthosis nigricans– Most commonly associated with gastric adenocarcinoma

• Tripe palms– GI (30%), lung (20%)

Page 28: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol

Discussion• Bladder urothelial carcinoma is also known as transitional cell carcinoma (TCC)

• Most common bladder cancer in Europe and USA

• Risk factors: cigarette smoking, chemical and environmental exposures

• Association between S. haematobium and bladder cancer– Most commonly high‐grade SCC > noninvasive TCC

Page 29: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol

Discussion• Review of the literature:

– Malignant AN + tripe palms + papillomatosis = rare– Reported in renal urothelial carcinomahowever never in bladder carcinoma

• The longest duration to diagnosis previously reported was 2 years

• The stimulating factor is hypothesized to be a substance secreted by the tumor– Transforming growth factor (TGF)‐alpha is structurally similar to epidermal growth factor 

• FGFR3 has been shown to be mutated in more than 30% of bladder TCC which is also mutated in AN

Page 30: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol

Teaching points• Florid mucocutaneous papillomatosis, acanthosis nigricans, and tripe palms occurring in association with bladder urothelial carcinoma

• Rare to not have rapid onset• Highlights possibility of oral retinoids and palliative surgery for treatment of papillomatosis

Page 31: Chronic Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans · Malignant acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and tripe palms syndrome associated with gastric adenocarcinoma. PostepyDermatolAlergol

Many Thanks

• Pathology, Oncology, Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology, Gastroenterology and Urology departments at Hennepin County Medical Center

• Minnesota Dermatological Society• Dr. Joseph Scherman• Dr. Ingrid Polcari

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tumors. Am J Pathol. Jun 2001;158(6):1955‐1959.2. Brinca A, Cardoso JC, Brites MM, Tellechea O, Figueiredo A. Florid cutaneous papillomatosis and acanthosis

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