CISCO ROUTER

The Cisco router IOS Enhanced editing Administrative functions

Hostnames Banners Passwords Interface descriptions

Verifying your configuration

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Cisco Router

Cisco Router IOS

Carries network protocols and functions

Connects high-speed traffic between devices

Adds security to control access Provides scalability for growth Supplies reliability

Connecting To A Cisco Router

Cisco 2811

Cisco 1841

Bringing up a Router

There are four major phases to the bootup process:

1. Performing the POST2. Loading the bootstrap program3. Locating and loading the Cisco IOS

software4. Locating and loading the startup

configuration file or entering setup mode

Bringing up a Router

1. Performing the POST Power-On Self Test (POST) When the router is powered on, software on the

ROM chip conducts the POST. During this self-test, the router executes

diagnostics from ROM on several hardware components including the CPU, RAM, and NVRAM.

After the POST has been completed, the router executes the bootstrap program.

Bringing up a Router

2. Loading the Bootstrap Program After the POST, the bootstrap program is copied

from ROM into RAM.

Once in RAM, the CPU executes the instructions in the bootstrap program.

The main task of the bootstrap program is to locate the Cisco IOS and load it into RAM.

Bringing up a Router

3. Locating and Loading Cisco IOS

The IOS is typically stored in flash memory.

Note: Once the IOS begins to load, you may see a string of pounds signs (#) while the image decompresses.

############################

Bringing up a Router

4. Locating and Loading the Configuration File

Bootstrap program searches for the startup configuration file, known as startup-config, in NVRAM.

file is copied into RAM as the running configuration file, running-config.

If the startup configuration file can not be located, then we enter setup mode.

Memory

ROM : bootstrap

Flash Memory : Cisco IOS

NVRAM : permanent storage for the startup configuration file (startup-config)

If we made changes then we must save it to the NVRAM

Remember

every interface on the router is a member or host on a different IP network.

Each interface must be configured with an IP address and subnet mask of a different network.

Modes User mode:

Router> Used mostly to view statistics

Privileged mode: enable Router# Used to view & change router configuration

Global configuration mode. config terminal or config t

Router (config)#

we use packet tracer program for router configuration in the 3 previous modes .Open Packet Tracer and choose the router :

Double click on the router

Choose CLI for router configuration.

Command-Line Interface (CLI)

More flexible than setup mode. To use the CLI, just say No to entering the initial

configuration dialog.

Now we are in the user mode :To know the commands in user mode we use (?)

To enter the privilage mode we write: ( enable )

To see the commands in privilage mode we use (?)

To go to global configuration we use ( conf t ) :

Configuration

certain basic tasks are performed including:

Naming the router Setting passwords Configuring interfaces Configuring a banner Saving changes on a router Verifying basic configuration and router

operations

Configuration Naming the router

Setting passwords1- Lone console password to protect the user mode :Console , Telnet

2- Enable password to protect the privilage mode :

3- Secret password for more protection of privilage mode:

Configuration Banner

Saving changes and restart

or:

Configuration Interface configuration

To remove password:

To encrypt all passwords:

Showing the work

Using packet tracer in router addressing1- We connet the figure . The cables used are :

· Straight : between switch, pc and router, switch.

· Cross : between switch, switch .

· Serial : betweeen the two routers .

Using packet tracer in addressing2- We put the IP address for each device as the following : We have in the figure 3 networks :

Using packet tracer in addressing To distribute the Ip's on the router interfaces we do the following : Router 0:

Using packet tracer in addressing For the second router (Router1 ) :

Using packet tracer in addressing Give each PC it’s IP address: For PC0 : From IP configuration :

Using packet tracer in addressing How to ping from PC0 to the default gateway : For PC0 :

Using packet tracer in addressingWe chose command promot and ping on the default gateway :

Homework Exercise

1- Connect the following network using Packet Tracer.

2- Use IP addresses for PC’s as shown in the figure.

3- For each network between two routers make subnetting from the IP address

192.168.4.0/24. What are the 2 networks addresses? IP’s for router interfaces?