Citation APA 5th Newbrand

8/4/2019 Citation APA 5th Newbrand

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LIBRARY INFORMATION COMMON

APA Citation StyleGUIDE TO REFERENCES AND CITATIONS IN TEXT

Several departments and courses at Red Deer College, including Psychology, Nursing, and Social Work,require the use of the American Psychological Association (APA) style for citing references in studentpapers. It is important to remain consistent within the paper and to use the style recommended by your

instructor. This guide addresses citation style only. For information on manuscript formatting, includingtitle pages and appendices, consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

The purpose of documentation is to: Identify (cite) other peoples ideas and information used within your essay or term paper. Indicate the authors or sources of these in a References list at the end of your paper.

Numbers in parentheses refer to pages in the Publication Manual of the American PsychologicalAssociation(5th ed.), unless otherwise noted. The examples in this guide cover frequently used citationforms only. For more detailed information refer to the Publication Manual, available at the InformationDesk.

General Guidelines for APA Citation Style

All sources of information and data, whether quoted directly or paraphrased, are cited withparenthetical references in the text of your paper. Example: (Walker, 2003).

To document your research throughout the text of your paper cite by author and date the works youconsulted (p.207). If quoting directly from a source, include the page number on which that quoteappears. Example: (Walker, 2003, p. 238).

Double-space your entire paper, including the References list and any block quotes (p.286).

List References entries with a hanging indent (p.313).

Arrange References entries in one alphabetical sequence by the surname of the first author or by titleor first word if there is no author (p.219).

Use only the initial(s) of the authors given name, not the full name.

If the References list includes 2 or more entries by the same author(s), list them in chronologicalorder with the earliest first (p.219).

When a work has 2 authors, cite both names every time the reference occurs. When a work has 3-5authors, cite all the names the first time the reference occurs; in subsequent citations, use thesurname of the first author followed by et al. When a work has 6+ authors, use the surname of thefirst author followed by et al. every time the reference occurs in the text (p.208).

If the authors name is unavailable, use the title of the article, book or Web source, including theappropriate capitalization and italics format, e.g. (Scientists say, 2000).

In titles and subtitles capitalize only the first letter of the first word and any proper nouns, except inparenthetical (in text) citations (p.95).

Italicize book titles, journal titles, and volume numbers. Do not italicize issue numbers.

References cited in text must appear in the References list and vice versa. The only exceptions tothis rule are personal communications (p.214) and general web sites; they are cited in text only andare not included in the References list.

When the References entry includes a URL that must be divided between two lines, break it after aslash or dash or at another logical division point.

See over for examples ofCitations

http://library.rdc.ab.ca1 | Updated 08/24/09


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References Citations In Text

BOOKS(p.248)

General formatAuthor Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year).

Book title: Subtitle. Place of Publication:Publisher.

General format(Author surname, Year)

(Author surname, Year,p. #) [direct quote]

BookOne author

Harris, L. A. (2001). Canadian copyright law(3r

ed.).Toronto:McGraw Hill Ryerson.

(Harris, 2001)

Edited book(p.249)

Burley, J., & Harris, J. (Eds.). (2002). A companion togenethics. Malden, MA: Blackwell.

(Burley & Harris, 2002, p.153)

Article or chapter in anedited bookMultiple authors/editors(p.252)

Lawrence, J. A., & Dodds, A. E. (2003). Goal-directedactivities and life-span development. In J.Valsiner & K. Connolly (Eds.), Handbook ofdevelopmental psychology(pp. 517-533).London: Sage Publications.

(Lawrence & Dodds,2003, p. 524)

Article in a referencebook

(p.254)

Lindgren, H. C. (1994). Stereotyping. In Encyclopediaof psychology(Vol. 3, pp. 468-469). New York:

Wiley.

(Lindgren, 1994, p. 468)

E-book(APA StyleGuide toElectronic References p.10)

Ochs, S. (2004). A history of nerve functions: Fromanimal spirits to molecular mechanisms.Retrieved from NEOS library catalogue.

(Ochs, 2004)

JOURNAL/MAGAZINEARTICLES(p.240)

General FormatAuthor Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year).

Article title: Subtitle. Journal Title, Volume(issue),page range.

General format(Author surname, Year)(Author surname, Year,p. #) [direct quote]

Journal article2 authors, paginated byissue (p.240)

Paterson, B. L., & Thorne, S. (2003). Enhancing theevaluation of nursing care effectiveness.Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 35(3),26-38.

(Paterson & Thorne,2003, p. 35)

Journal articleFrom article database(p.279)

Hutchinson, G., & Mercier, R. (2004). Using socialpsychological concepts to help students. Journalof Physical Education, 75(7), 22-27. Retrievedfrom Academic Search Premier database.

(Hutchinson & Mercier,2004)

Journal articleFrom online periodical[Internet only](p.272)

Clay, R. A. (2003). Molding effective teachers. Monitoron Psychology, 34(8). Retrieved June 17, 2004,from http://www.apa.org/monitor.sep03/molding.html

(Clay, 2003)

Magazine article(p.241)

Henry, W. A., & Mehta, N. S. (1990, April 9). Beyondthe melting pot. Time, 135, 28-31.

(Henry & Mehta, 1990, p.30)

Magazine articleFrom article database(p.279)

Kuttner, R. (2003, September 8). The great Americanpension-fund robbery. Business Week, 24-26.Retrieved from CPI.Q database.

(Kuttner, 2003)

Newspaper articleDiscontinuous pages(p.279)

Wallace, K. (2007, December 4). Passport applicantfinds massive privacy breach. The Globe andMail, pp. A1, A8.

(Wallace, 2007)



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References Citations In Text

AUDIOVISUAL MEDIA(p.236)

Motion picture(Video Recording)(p.265)

Davidson, F. (Producer), & Davidson, J. (Director).(1999). B. F. Skinner: A fresh appraisal[Motionpicture]. United States: Davidson Films.

(Davidson & Davidson,1999)

YouTube Video(APA StyleGuide toElectronic References p.24)

Wesch,M. (2007, October 12). Information r/evolution[video file]. Video posted tohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CV05HyAbM

(Wesch, 2007)

Audio Podcast(APA StyleGuide toElectronic References p.22)

Van Nuys, D. (Producer). (2006, October 13).Understanding autism [Show 54]. Shrink RapRadio. Podcast retrieved fromhttp://www.shrinkrapradio.com/

(Van Nuys, 2006)

Electronic Image*(adapted from APA StyleGuide to Electronic

References)

Di Carpi, G. (1540). The holy family[image]. Retrievedfrom http://www.getty.edu/art/collections/objects/o707.html

(Di Carpi, 1540)

WEB SITES(p.268) General Format (include available elements)Personal or Corporate Author (if known). (Last update

or copyright date; if not known, put n.d.). Title ofspecific document. Retrieved date you accessedsite, from URL of specific document

General Format(Author surname ORTitle, Year)(Author surname ORTitle, Year, page or para.#) [direct quote]

Web pageGeneral

Browning, T. (1993). A brief historical survey of womenwriters of science fiction. Retrieved May 11,2004, from http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu/~tonya/Tonya/sf/history.html

(Browning, 1993, 12)

Web pageNo author

(p.274)

Neurology. (2007). Retrieved August 8, 2007, fromhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurology

(Neurology, 2007)

Web pageUniversity site, no date(p.274)

Johnson, K. A., & Becker, J. A. (n.d.). The whole brainatlas. Retrieved December 2, 2002, from HarvardUniversity Medical School Web site:http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/

(Johnson & Becker, n.d.)

Government Document(p. 275)

Environment Canada. Canadian Wildlife Service.(2004). The 1995 peregrine falcon survey inCanada. U. Banasch & G. Holroyd (Eds).(Occasional Paper no. 110). Retrieved fromhttp://www.cws-scf.ec.gc.ca/publications/AbstractTemplate.cfm?lang=e&id=1067

(Environment Canada,2004)

Lecture Notes(APA Style Guide toElectronic Resources p.14)

Mokry, J. (2007). Lecture 3: The wonders of APA[PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved October 12, 2007,from Red Deer College ZOO 342 Blackboard site.

(Mokry, 2007)

*Please note: Images in text are also generally accompanied by a caption that includes copyright information and astatement of permission for use. Please check with your instructor to see if this is necessary, and if so seepage175 of the Guide.

See over forTips on Citations In Text



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Citations In Text

How to Cite Quotations (p.117-122)

When you incorporate a direct quotation into a sentence, you must cite the source. Fit quotations within your sentences, enclosed in quotation marks, making sure the sentences are

grammatically correct.Gibaldi (2003, p. 109) indicates that, Quotations are effective in research papers when used selectively.Remember that [q]uotations are effective in research papers when used selectively (Gibaldi, 2003,p. 109).In 2003, Gibaldi wrote that, Quotations are effective in research papers when used selectively (p. 109).

If the quotation is 40 words or more, omit quotation marksand use a block format in which thequotation is indented about inch (or 5 spaces) from the left margin.

How to Cite Summaries or ParaphrasesEven if you put information in your own words by summarizing or paraphrasing, you must cite the originalauthor or researcher. For example, a paraphrase of Gibaldis earlier quotation might be identified asfollows:

When writing the research paper, students should use quotations judiciously (Gibaldi, 2003, p. 109).

How to Cite Lecture Notes / Personal Communications (p.214)Letters, memos, e-mails, personal interviews, and the like are not included in the reference list becausethey do not provide recoverable data. Cite them in text only. Give the initials as well as the surname ofthe communicator, and provide as exact a date as possible:

(Y. Martel, personal communication, April 15, 2005)

How to Cite Information When You Have Not Seen the Original Source (p.247)Sometimes an author writes about research that someone else has done, but you are unable to trackdown the original research report. In this case, because you did not read the original report, you willinclude only the source you did consult in your References. The words as cited in in the parentheticalreference indicate you have not read the original research.

Fongs 1987 study (as cited in Bertram, 1996) found that older students memory can be as good as that ofyoung people, but this depends on how memory is tested. [Do not include Fong (1987) in your References;do include Bertram (1996).]

How to Cite Information If No Page Numbers Are Available (p.120)If a resource contains no page numbers, as can be the case with electronic sources, then you cannotinclude a page number in the parentheses. However, if the source indicates paragraph numbers, use thesymbol or abbreviation para and the relevant number in the parentheses. If the paragraph number isnot visible, cite the heading and the paragraph number following it.

As Myers (2000, 5) aptly phrased it(Beutler, 2000, Conclusion, para. 1)

More Tips for APA Citation When you need to leave out part of a quotation to make it fit grammatically or because it contains

irrelevant/unnecessary information, insert ellipses (p.119).

If you must add or slightly change words within a quotation for reasons of grammar or clarity, indicatethe change with square brackets (p.120).

For more information access the APA website at www.apastyle.org/pubmanual.html and click on APAStyle Tips.

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Citation APA 5th Newbrand