Simone Evans, 2002, 2010 1

Citation & Paraphrasing versus Plagiarism

Paik, Y. & Tung, R. L. (1999) Negotiating with East Asians: How to attain “win-win”

outcomes, Management International Review, 39(2), 103-122.

This is an excerpt from the article above.

Negotiation is a special communication task that takes place in order to reach agreement about how

to handle both common and conflicting interests between two or more parties. As culture plays an

important role in framing the priorities of the negotiators, negotiating skills are not value-free and

expectations for outcome differ at the negotiating table. Therefore, international business

negotiations which involve parties from two widely dissimilar cultures can be problematic.

If the following excerpts were part of your assignment, are they okay or are they plagiarism?

How can you change them so they are not plagiarism?

Excerpt from your essay: Citation?

Plagiarism?

1. Negotiation is a special communication task that takes place in order to reach

agreement about how to handle both common and conflicting interests between

two or more parties.

2. Negotiation is a special communication task that takes place in order to reach

agreement about how to handle both common and conflicting interests between

two or more parties (Paik & Tung, 1999).

3. According to Paik and Tung (1999), negotiation is a special communication task

that takes place in order to reach agreement about how to handle both common

and conflicting interests between two or more parties.

4. A study published in the 1999 Management International Review, found that

“negotiation is a special communication task that takes place in order to reach

agreement about how to handle both common and conflicting interests between

two or more parties” (Paik & Tung).

5. As Paik and Tung (1999) state,

Negotiation is a special communication task that takes place in order

to reach agreement about how to handle both common and conflicting

interests between two or more parties. As culture plays an important

role in framing the priorities of the negotiators, negotiating skills are

not value-free and expectations for outcome differ at the negotiating

table. (p. 104)

6. “Negotiation is a special communication activity that occurs in order to agree on

how to deal with common or conflicting interests between two or more people”

(Paik & Tung, 1999, 104).

Simone Evans, 2002, 2010 2

Negotiation is a special communication task that takes place in order to reach agreement about how

to handle both common and conflicting interests between two or more parties. As culture plays an

important role in framing the priorities of the negotiators, negotiating skills are not value-free and

expectations for outcome differ at the negotiating table. Therefore, international business

negotiations which involve parties from two widely dissimilar cultures can be problematic.

Excerpt from your essay Paraphrase? Plagiarism?

1. Negotiation is a communication action that happens in order to reach

agreement about how to manage both usual and conflicting interests between

two or more people (Paik & Tung, 1999, p.104).

2. Negotiation is an activity through which agreement is reached between two

parties in conflict.

3. Negotiation means to reach agreement when two parties are in conflict using

a variety of communicative strategies.

4. Negotiation means to reach agreement when two parties are in conflict using

a variety of communicative strategies (Paik & Tung 1999).

5. Negotiation means that two or more parties communicate “in order to reach

agreement about how to handle both common and conflicting interests” (Paik

& Tung, 1999).

At the end of the essay you MUST record this information:

Harvard System*:

Paik, Y. & Tung, R.L. 1999, „Negotiating with East Asians: How to attain “win-win” outcomes‟,

Management International Review, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 103-122.

APA System:

Paik, Y. & Tung, R. L. (1999) Negotiating with East Asians: How to attain “win-win” outcomes,

Management International Review, 39(2), 103-122.

* The is only one true version of the APA system, but there are many versions of the Harvard

System. You need to use the version specified by your Faculty.

Simone Evans, 2002, 2010 3

Teacher’s Notes & Answers: Citation, paraphrasing & plagiarism

1) Most students know that if they copy an essay from the Internet or another learner that this is

plagiarism that will result in their failing the subject.

2) The concept that needs communicating is that unless the following are properly reference – ie

cited within the text, it is plagiarism

a) other people‟s words = quotations: short 5-39 wordsneed quote marks (Harvard System)

and page numbers, long quaotes 40+ wordsneed page numbers and indentation

b) (other people‟s) data & „facts‟ = eg. the length of the Harbour Bridge

c) other people‟s opinions, terms, concepts

3) Paraphrasing does not mean changing a few words. It means really understanding the idea and

writing it in your own words. However, it is okay to re-use standard collocations or technical

terms, or standard verbs.

excerpt from your essay citation or plagiarism?

1. Negotiation is a special communication task

that takes place in order to reach agreement

about how to handle both common and

conflicting interests between two or more

parties.

X – direct quote, no referencing

2. Negotiation is a special communication task

that takes place in order to reach agreement

about how to handle both common and

conflicting interests between two or more

parties (Paik & Tung, 1999)

X – direct quote, referencing but

no indication that this is a quote

no page number given

3. According to Paik and Tung (1999),

negotiation is a special communication

action that takes place in order to reach

agreement about how to manage both

common and conflicting interests between

two or more parties (p. 104).

X good short quote but no page

number given…

A study published in the 1999 Management

International Review, found that “negotiation

is a special communication task that takes

place in order to reach agreement about how

to handle both common and conflicting

interests between two or more parties” (Paik

& Tung).

– direct quote, referencing but

no page number given

Simone Evans, 2002, 2010 4

4. As Paik and Tung (1999) state,

“Negotiation is a special communication

task that takes place in order to reach

agreement about how to handle both

common and conflicting interests

between two or more parties.” (p.495)

.

- quoted using

quotation marks (Harvard system)

and

indented – for long quotes.

page number,

authors‟ names

year

5. Negotiation is a communication action that

happens in order to reach agreement about

how to manage both usual and conflicting

interests between two or more people (Paik

& Tung 1999)

X – paraphrasing does not mean

changing a few words.

And if you are quoting, the quote

must be identical to the source from

which it is taken – including

punctuation and spelling (eg color or

colour – regardless of which spelling

you use in the rest of your essay)

6. Negotiation is an activity through which

agreement is reached between two parties in

conflict.

X - rewording of the main idea

But you must have name and year

when you borrow an idea

7. Negotiation means to reach agreement when

two parties are in conflict using a variety of

communicative strategies.

- rewording of the main idea – and

it is referenced