CITATION STYLES : APA & MLAREFERENCESAPAMLA

1. Book (general reference format)Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Subtitle. Place of publication: Publisher.Author last name, first name. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.

2. Book (no author / unknown author)

Dorlands illustrated medical dictionary (29th ed.). (2000). Philadelphia: Saunders.

Encyclopedia of Virginia. New York: Somerset, 1993.

3. Book (one author)

Barnet, Sylvan. The Practical Guide to Writing. Toronto: Longman, 2003.Ballenger, B. (2007). The curious researcher: A guide to writing research papers. Toronto: Pearson Longman.

4. Book (2 / 3 authors) Booth, Wayne C., Gregory G. Colomb, and Joseph M. Williams. The Craft of Research. 2nd ed. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2003.Cherry, B., & Jacob, S. R. (2005). Contemporary nursing: Issues, trends, & management (3rd ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.

5. Book (4 / more authors)

Book (three to five authors) Kirton, C. A., Talotta, D., & Zwolski, K. (2001). Handbook of HIV/AIDS nursing. St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

Book (six or more authors)Wolchik, S. A., West, S. G., Sandler, I. N., Tein, J., Coatsworth, D., Lengua, L. (2000). Neuroscience. Philadelphia: Saunders.

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D. D., Author, E. E., Author, F. F.,...Author, J. J. (Year). Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher.Barclay, Michael, et al. Have Not Been the Same: The Can Rock Renaissance, 1985-95. Toronto: ECW, 2001.

6. Edited, Translated or Compiled Book

Raine, A. (Ed.). (2006). Crime and schizophrenia: Causes and cures. New York: Nova Science.

Lamberts, K., & Goldstone, R. L. (Eds.). (2005). Handbook of cognition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Osberg, Lars, and Pierre Fortin, eds. Hard Money, Hard Times. Toronto: James Lorimer, 1998.

7. Revised EditionsCastro, Peter, and Michael E. Huber. Marriage Biology. 4th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2003.

8. Article or Chapter in an Edited BookChapter author. (publication year). Title of chapter. In editors name (Ed.), Title of book (chapter pages). Place of publication: Publisher.

Young, M. E., & Wasserman, E. A. (2005). Theories of learning. In K. Lamberts, & R. L. Goldstone(Eds.),Handbook of cognition (pp. 161-182). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Naremore, James. Hitchcock at the Margins of Noir. Alfred Hitchcock: Centenary Essays. Ed. Richard Allen and S. Ishii-Gonzales. London: BFI, 1999. 263-77.

9. Government DocumentFitzgerald, R. (2008). Fear of crime and the neighbourhood context in Canadian cities. Ottawa: Statistics Canada.Fitzgerald, Robin. Fear of Crime and the Neighbourhood Context in Canadian Cities. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2008.

10. Group as Author (government agency, associations, corporations, etc.)

American Psychological Association. (2005). Concise rules of APA style. Washington: Author.

Canada Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples.(1995). Choosing life: Special report on suicide among Aboriginal people. Ottawa, ON: Ministry of Supply and Services Canada.

Statistics Canada. (1998). Family expenditure in Canada, 1996 (No. 62-555-XPB). Ottawa, Ontario: Author.Dofasco. Annual Report 1999. Hamilton: Dofasco, 2000.

Canada. Dept. of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. Freedom From Fear: Canadas Foreign Policy for Human Security. Ottawa: DFAIT, 2002.

11. Encyclopedia Entry

Section author. (publication year). Title of section. In Title of encyclopedia (volume number, pages). Place of publication: Publisher.

Usselman, M. (2006). Chemistry. In The world book encyclopedia (Vol. 3, pp. 398-407). Chicago: World Book.

If no author:Title of entry. (2006). In Title of encyclopedia (Vol. xx, pp. xx-xx). Place of publication: Publisher.Bercuson, David Jay. Canada. The World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book, 2006. 93-106.

12. Two / More Books by the Same Author

Barnet, Sylvan. The Practical Guide to Writing. Toronto: Longman, 2003.

---. A Short Guide to Writing about Art. 4th ed. New York: Harper Collins College, 1993.

13. Scholarly Journal ArticleMurphy, Karen L., Roseanne DePasquale, and Erin McNamara. Meaningful Connections: Using Technology in Primary Classrooms. Young Children 58.6 (2003): 12-18.Keary, Anne. Dancing with Strangers: Europeans and Australians at First Contact. Canadian Journal of History 41 (2006): 613-616.

14. Conference Papers or ProceedingsContributor, A. A., & Contributor, B. B. (year). Title of paper or proceeding. In A. Editor (Ed.), Title of symposium or conference (pp. x-x). Place of publication: Publisher.

Presenter, A. A. (Year, Month). Title of paper. Paper presented at the meeting of Organization Name, Location.

15. Periodicals (Journals, Magazines, Newspapers) (general reference form)Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume(issue), page-range.Author. Article Title. Journal Name volume.issue (year): page-range.

16. Journal Article (one author)Thorne, S. E. (2001). Complementary and alternative medicine: Critical issues of nursing practice and policy. Canadian Nurse, 97(4), 27-30.

17. Journal Article (two authors)Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients. Health Psychology, 24, 225-229.

18. Journal Article (three to five authors)Kapo, J., Morrison, L. J., & Liao, S. (2007). Palliative care for the older adult. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 10(1), 185-209.

19. Journal Articles (six or more authors)Davies, B., Hodnett, E., Hannah, M., O'Brien-Pallas, L., Pringle, D., Wells, G. (2002). Fetal health surveillance: A community-wide approach versus a tailored intervention for the implementation of clinical practice guidelines. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, 167(5), 469-474.

Gilbert, D. G., McClernon, J. F., Rabinovich, N. E., Sugai, C., Plath, L. C., Asgaard, G.,...Botros, N. (2004). Effects of quitting smoking on EEG activation and attention last for more than 31 days and are more severe with stress, dependence, DRD2 A1 allele, and depressive traits. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 6, 249-267.

20. Magazine ArticleGeddes, John. A Natural Remedy? Macleans 4 June 2007: 20-22.

An Unlikely Champion of the Rule of Law. Macleans 11 June 2007: 31.

21. Newspaper Article

Newspaper Article (with author)Robinson, L. (2002, September 10). Simple solutions to address nursing labour shortage. The Hamilton Spectator, p. B4.

Newspaper Article (no author)Medicated gum helpful to seniors. (2002, September 19). The Kitchener-Waterloo Record, pp. C2, C4.Ignorance, Politics and the Way of Democracy. Toronto Star 16 June 2007: A2.

22. Electronic sourcesAuthor, A. A. (Year). Title of work. Retrieved month day, year, from http://www.xxxxx

If no date:Title of website. (n.d.). Retrieved Month day, year, from http://www.xxxxxWebsite One Page or Section (general works cited form)

Last name, First name. Document title if available. Title of the overall Website, Version or edition if available. Publisher or N.p. to designate no publisher, publication date or n.d. to indicate that no date was given. Web. Date of access.

Example:Works of Joyce Wieland. Celebrating Womens Achievements: Women Artists in Canada. National Library of Canada, 2000. Web. 29 Mar. 2009.

Wong, Jessica. Celebrating the Kid Inside. CBC News. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 30 July 2004. Web. 20 Aug. 2008.

Wong, Jessica. Celebrating the Kid Inside. CBC News. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 30 July 2004. Web. 20 Aug. 2008. .

23. Entire Website Title of the overall Website, Version or edition if available. Publisher or N.p. to designate no publisher, publication date or n.d. if no date was given. Web. Date of access.

Canadian Museum of Civilization. Canadian Museum of Civilization Corporation, 2007. Web. 19 June 2008.

24. Online Document (such as a Government Document)

Statistics Canada. (2003). Business dynamics in Canada, 2003 (No. 61-534-XIE). Ottawa, Ontario: Author. Retrieved from http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/61-534-XIE/61-534-XIE2007001.htm

Individual author:Fitzgerald, R. (2008). Fear of crime and the neighbourhood context in Canadian cities. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxFitzgerald, Robin. Fear of Crime and the Neighbourhood Context in Canadian Cities. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2008. Web. 4 May 2009.

25. Online JournalSillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38-48. Retrieved fromhttp://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejapElectronic Books

Nettina, S. M. (Ed.). (2001). Lippincott manual of nursing practice. Philadelphia: Williams & Wilkins. Retrieved from http://ovidsp.tx.ovid.com.uproxy.library.dc-uoit.ca/spa/ovidweb.cgiStenson, Kevin. Governing the Local: Sovereignty, Social Governance and Community Safety. Social Work & Society 6:2 (2008): n. pag. Web. 22 Mar. 2009.Journal Article from a Library Index or Database (e.g. Proquests CBCA Reference, EBSCOhosts Academic Search Premier)

Keary, Anne. Dancing with Strangers: Europeans and Australians at First Contact. Canadian Journal of History 41 (2006): 613-616. Academic Search Premier. Web. 17 May 2009.Electronic Book from a Library Subscription Service

Troost, Linda, and Sayre N. Greenfield, eds. Jane Austen in Hollywood. 2nd ed. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2001. NetLibrary. Web. 18 May 2009.