Citing SourcesPlagiarism & Using the APA

Jill Fortune2013

Agenda

1. Plagiarism2. Quotations3. Summarising4. Paraphrasing5. APA

Plagiarism

A definition..?

“the practice of taking someone else’s work or ideas and passing them off as one’s own”

Oxford Online Dictionary: http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/plagiarism?q=plagiarism

(retrieved Mar 5th 2013)

Plagiarism: examples 1 & 2

Hogue (2003: 349-50):

1. Does the student give the writer credit?

2. Do they give the page number?

3. Do they use quotation marks?

4. Why is it plagiarism?

5. How can the student avoid the plagiarism?

Quotations: the basic rules

1. Who said it?2. Where & when?3. Use quotation marks (“”)

4. When & how to adjust a quotation

Quotations: adding information

What information might we add to a quotation?

1. to maintain grammatical correctness

According to Kelly, “[c]hange is now”.

2. to make clarifications

Despite Stempleski and Tomalin’s claim that lexis is “seldom the most important criterion for selecting a [video] sequence” (1990:10)

Use square brackets [ ]Based on Hogue, 2003: 347

Quotations: deleting information

What information might we remove from a quotation?

irrelevance

According to Smith, “the mechanics of writing… are often disregarded.” (ommitted “punctuation, spelling etc”)

Use elipsis …Based on Hogue, 2003: 347

Quotations

When should we use a direct quote?

“only when they support an idea with especially appropriate or memorable language” (Hogue, 2003: 348)

“too much quoting weakens the effectiveness of a written product” (Master, 2004: 212)

Summarising & Paraphrasing

What’s the difference?

Summary = shorter than original (only main ideas)

Paraphrase = approx same length as original (maintains keywords & covers all ideas)

Based on Hogue, 2003: 345-6

Keeping Notes

Look at the following extract, and write 3 notes about it:

1. quotation2. summary3. paraphrase

Taken from Hogue, 2003: 344-6

http://chronicle.com/blogs/linguafranca/files/2012/10/Writing-writing-31277215-579-612.jpg (retrieved Mar 5 2013)

Keeping Notes: extract“U.S. English and other such groups maintain that linguistic divisions have caused unrest in several countries, such as Canada and Belgium – though they generally fail to note that the countries where strife violence have been most pronounced, such as Spain, are the ones where minority languages have been most strenuously suppressed.”

(Bill Bryson. The Mother Tongue: English & How It Got That Way. New York: Avon, 1990:240) Taken from Hogue, 2003: 344-6

APA

• Angel Protection Agency?• Author Publishing Alliance?• Anti-Plagiarism Association?

American Psychological Association

APA

• Quiz• Reference-writing practice x5

American Psychological Association

BibliographyHogue, A. (2003) The Essentials of English. New York: Pearson Education.Master, P. (2004) English Grammar and Technical Writing. USA: US Dept. of State.Oxford Online Dictionary: http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/plagiarism?q=plagiarism (retrieved Mar 5th 2013)

ImagesWriting cartoon:http://chronicle.com/blogs/linguafranca/files/2012/10/Writing-writing-31277215-579-612.jpg (retrieved 5 Mar 2013)