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Citywide Inclusive Sanitation in Practice

Martin Gambrill

Nairobi, February 2018

The Sanitation Service Chain

TreatmentEnd-use/

DisposalTransportEmptyingContainment

Service Delivery Institutions, Financing & Regulation

CAESB – Brasilia, Brazil

2

TreatmentEnd-use/

DisposalTransportEmptyingContainment

Sewerage network

CAESB has overall responsibility

Condominial sewersHousehold

Close coordination/

participation

WWTPReceiving body

of water

ADASA, The Regulatory Agency for Water and Wastewater of the Federal District

WSS Tariffs and Wastewater Effluent Discharge Standards

Aguatuya – Cochabamba, Bolivia

6

TreatmentEnd-use/

DisposalTransportEmptyingContainment

Recycled

water

Farmer

UDDT

Household

Collection and treatment (trucks and FSTP) Agriculture

Aguatuya provides technical assistance, control and monitoring

as well as integrated solid waste services

Simplified sewer networkDecentralized

WWTP

Aguatuya

Coordination with Municipal WSS Service Providers

Service provider Farmer

Maynilad/Manila Water – Manila, The Philippines

9

TreatmentEnd-use/

DisposalTransportEmptyingContainment

Metropolitan and Waterworks and Sewerage System regulates

Septic tank

Sewerage network WWTP

Household Maynilad/Manila Water (private utilities)

Vacuum Tank

UnitsTrucks FSTP

Receiving body

of water

Treated FS

Farmer

Oversight/quality control by:

Laguna Lake Development Authority; Department of Environment and Natural Resources

National Water Resources Board; Department of Health

Per City, Municipal Health Department

Manila Water

Maynilad

ST Under the Sink

ST in the Garage

eThekwini Water and Sanitation – Durban, South Africa

12

TreatmentEnd-use/

DisposalTransportEmptyingContainment

EWS has overall responsibility

Sewerage network

Centralized

WWTP

Decentralized

WWTP

VIP/UDDT

Latrines

Household Private contractor

Manual + Trucks

EWS

LaDePa,

BSF…

Pellets,

protein…

Farmer

Ministry regulates

ONAS – Dakar, Senegal

15

TreatmentEnd-use/

DisposalTransportEmptyingContainment

Septic tank

Sewerage network WWTP

Household

ONAS

Vacuum Trucks FSTP

Submarine

outfall

Treated FS/

Water

ONAS

Oversight/quality control by:

Performance contract with the Ministry of Water and Sanitation serves as regulatory framework

ONAS plays a regulator role with private sector

Latrine

Pit emptiers

Licensing

Guarantee Fund

Private sector

Manual emptying / cover and store

Dakar, Senegal.

TreatEnd-use/

DisposalConvey

Empty/

RemoveContain

Septic tank

Sewerage network WWTP

ONAS

Submarine

outfall

Latrine

Service

Function

SS Tech

Mode

Service

Authority

Fin/Service

Provider

Primary

Regulator

Pipe

>10m

Public Finance / Utility Service

NSS Tech

Mode

Fin/Service

Provider

Service

Authority

Primary

Regulator

Vacuum Truck FSTP Farmers/OP

HH

Manual Emptying ---------- ------------------

Ministry of Water and Sanitation (no indy regulator?)

HH Finance / Open Market Formal or Informal Providers ONAS / PPP

ONAS

ONAS (+ some licensing, mkt coordination)

---------------

Ministry of Wat/San

Dakar Onsite Sanitation Chain

19

There is no one size fits all for service delivery

WCSewerage network

Pumping stations

Sewage treatment

works

End-use/

Disposal

Simplified or Conventional Sewerage

MDGs SDGs

Non-networked Systems

Latrine

or

septic tank

Vacuum truckTreatment

plant End-use/

disposal

Primary

emptyingTransfer

Safely covered and replaced in new location

TreatmentEnd-use/

DisposalConveyanceEmptyingContainment

Container-

Based

Sanitation

TreatmentEnd-use/

disposalCollection Transport

Examples of Citywide Inclusive Sanitation

• Brasília, Brazil

• Durban, South Africa

• Manila, The Philippines

• Cochabamba, Bolivia

• Container Based Sanitation, Kenya and Haiti

• UDDTs, El Alto, Bolivia

• Connecting the Unconnected, Colombia and Brazil

http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2017/11/17/world-toilet-day-2017

20

www.worldbank.org/water | www.blogs.worldbank.org/water | @WorldBankWater

Thank you!