CIVIL WAR STARTSCIVIL WAR STARTS

Secession CrisisSecession Crisis

First Shot firedFirst Shot fired

UnionUnion

ConfederacyConfederacy

First BattlesFirst Battles

Secession CrisisSecession Crisis

• Lincoln elected president Nov. 1860,Lincoln elected president Nov. 1860,– S. Carolina calls a convention on secessionS. Carolina calls a convention on secession

• Dec. 20: S. Carolina conventions votesDec. 20: S. Carolina conventions votes– to leave the Union: “sectional party w/ a to leave the Union: “sectional party w/ a – a president hostile to slavery” was elected.a president hostile to slavery” was elected.

• Feb: Six more Deep South states join-Feb: Six more Deep South states join-– Alabama, Miss, Florida, LA, Georgia, TXAlabama, Miss, Florida, LA, Georgia, TX

• Crittenden Compromise: 1) extend 36 30 Crittenden Compromise: 1) extend 36 30 – Line, 2) protect slavery in the South forever. Line, 2) protect slavery in the South forever.

• Lincoln Rejects it: sectional mistrustLincoln Rejects it: sectional mistrust

Abraham Lincoln: 1861-Abraham Lincoln: 1861-18651865

First Shot FiredFirst Shot Fired• Lincoln’s Inaugural: compromise Lincoln’s Inaugural: compromise

possible,possible,– Appeal to our “better angels”Appeal to our “better angels”

• Fort Sumter (April 12, 1861): Lincoln Fort Sumter (April 12, 1861): Lincoln sends navy w/ food supplies, South fires sends navy w/ food supplies, South fires first shot. first shot.

• Four More States Join Confederacy: VA,Four More States Join Confederacy: VA,– N. Carolina, Arkansas, Tenn. N. Carolina, Arkansas, Tenn.

• Four Border states do not join: Kentucky,Four Border states do not join: Kentucky,– Missouri, Maryland, DelawareMissouri, Maryland, Delaware

• Why they Fought? South had to protect Why they Fought? South had to protect – slavery, nationalism, resentment, ideology,slavery, nationalism, resentment, ideology,– State’s rights v. democracyState’s rights v. democracy

Fort Sumter: April 14, 1861Fort Sumter: April 14, 1861

Northern AdvantageNorthern Advantage

• Larger: 19 states, 20 million populationLarger: 19 states, 20 million population

• Industrial: 10x man production, 20x Industrial: 10x man production, 20x ironiron– production, 32x arms productionproduction, 32x arms production

• Railroads: network through all NorthRailroads: network through all North

• Navy: 90% of all ship yardsNavy: 90% of all ship yards

• Money: larger tax base, more investors,Money: larger tax base, more investors,– Sold bonds, printed moneySold bonds, printed money

South: Strength & South: Strength & WeaknessWeakness• King Cotton: 3/4 off world’s cotton King Cotton: 3/4 off world’s cotton

supplysupply– Europe will come to our aid?Europe will come to our aid?

• Defensive War: supply easier, moral Defensive War: supply easier, moral high,high,– Know the land, can pick battlesKnow the land, can pick battles

• Better fighters: farmers and hunters?Better fighters: farmers and hunters?

• Bad railroads, little man. productionBad railroads, little man. production

• No money: hyper inflation by 1864No money: hyper inflation by 1864

• No food, no navy, state’s rightsNo food, no navy, state’s rights

• Better Generals!Better Generals!

Confederation: 11 StatesConfederation: 11 States

• Confederate Constitution: Richmond,Confederate Constitution: Richmond,– State’s rights, slavery protected, no tariff,State’s rights, slavery protected, no tariff,– President 6 year term, no internal improvePresident 6 year term, no internal improve

• Jefferson Davis: West Point, Mexican WarJefferson Davis: West Point, Mexican War– Humane slave owner, pushed to indust Humane slave owner, pushed to indust

South, Led army & gov, could not delegate, South, Led army & gov, could not delegate, angry,angry,

– Could not face criticism, bad appointmentsCould not face criticism, bad appointments

• Conscription: 20 or more slaves exemptConscription: 20 or more slaves exempt

Jefferson DavisJefferson Davis

Union: 19 and 4 border Union: 19 and 4 border StatesStates• Lincoln: good leader, compromised, Lincoln: good leader, compromised, • Winfield Scott: Anaconda PlanWinfield Scott: Anaconda Plan• George McClellan: “Young Napoleon”George McClellan: “Young Napoleon”

– Good administrator, could not take actionGood administrator, could not take action

• Mobilization: Congress calls 500,000Mobilization: Congress calls 500,000• First Bull Run (July 21, 1861): spectatorsFirst Bull Run (July 21, 1861): spectators

– Union disaster, “Stonewall” JacksonUnion disaster, “Stonewall” Jackson– This is going to be real war This is going to be real war

George McClellanGeorge McClellan

Monitor v. the VirginianMonitor v. the Virginian

McClellan at Yorktown: McClellan at Yorktown: 3/18623/1862

First BattlesFirst Battles

• War in the West: Mississippi battle shipsWar in the West: Mississippi battle ships

• Shiloh (April, 1862): Grant gets demotedShiloh (April, 1862): Grant gets demoted

• New Orleans: Farragut captures port cityNew Orleans: Farragut captures port city

• Peninsula Attack on Richmond:Peninsula Attack on Richmond:– McClellan hesitates at YorktownMcClellan hesitates at Yorktown– Union loses at the Battle of Seven Pines Union loses at the Battle of Seven Pines