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Civilization Begins Chapter 1. Prehistory – 3000 B.C. Measurement of Time. Prehistory to 0 B.C. – Before Christ or… B.C.E. – B efore Common Era Year 1 to present is referred to as: A.D. – Anno Domini or… C.E – common era. 1.1. The Geographer . Study people & their environment - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Civilization BeginsChapter 1
Prehistory – 3000 B.C.
Measurement of TimePrehistory to 0 • B.C. – Before Christ or…• B.C.E.– Before Common Era Year 1 to present is referred to as:• A.D. – Anno Domini or…• C.E – common era
The Geographer • Study people & their environment• Study five major themes:1. Location - where a place is on the surface of the Earth2. Interaction - how people have shaped and been shaped
by the places where they lived3. Movement - of people, goods, and ideas4. Place - physical & human characteristics of a location5. Region - places with similar unifying physical, economic,
or cultural features.
1.1
The Archeologists…
• Study Prehistory - before there was writing.
• Study artifacts - objects made by people, such as tools, weapons, pottery, clothing, and jewelry.
• Study written evidence such as letters or tax records and visual evidence such as photographs or films to reconstruct the past.
• Evaluate information for reliability
The Historian
Paleolithic Age• Old Stone Age • Lasted until ~10,000 BCE
– Hunter/gatherers or nomads.– Made clothes & tools (i.e. spears &
axes from natural materials) – Built fires– Developed spoken languages– Religions began
Sungir, Russia, buried
some 25,000 years ago
1.2
Neolithic Age
• New Stone Age• Learned to farm
– Plant seeds & domesticated animals– Transformed our existence
• Appx. 5,000 years ago, these advances led to the rise of civilizations.– Social hierarchy (leader, farmers, etc.)– Accumulation of personal property– New technologies
Paleolithic vs. Neolithic Use 22-30 pg. in your textbook to compare/contrast Paleolithic vs. Neolithic peoples.
Paleolithic Neolithic
Time Frame 2.5 million years --> ___________________ 8,000 --> __________
Lifestyle1.2.3.
1.2.3.
Housing Shelter
1.2.
1.2.
Food1.2.3.
1.2.3.
Tools1.2.
1.2.
Homework:
• Read the article, “Pros and Cons of Farming.”
Hunting/Gathering vs FarmingPros
Cons
Beginnings of Civilizations
Cities first arose in river valleys because:
1. Water2. Farming3. Renewable soil4. Animals 5. Transportation
Civilizations EmergeFarmers began cultivating lands along river
valleys & producing surplus
Surpluses helped populations expand
As population grew, villages swelled into cities
8 features common to early civs:
1. Cities– In fertile areas (near rivers) producing a food surplus.
2. Well-organized central governments– Needed to maintain order and the surplus– Divine Right– Bureaucracy developed
3. Complex religions– Polytheistic, believing in many gods– Controlling the natural forces and human activities– People created ceremonies, temples and priests to
intervene with the gods on behalf of the people4. Job specialization
– Artisans, priests, farmers, weapons maker and soldiers
Features5. Social classes
– The importance of the persons job ranked them socially
6. Arts and architecture– Temples to the gods– Places for the rulers
7. Public works to benefit the city– Defensive walls, irrigation systems,
roads and bridges8. Writing
– Pictograms– Leaders needed to keep records
Up Next…Ancient Egypt