Classes Without Quizzes

8/6/2019 Classes Without Quizzes

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How to improve your memory:

Mnemonics and more

Classes without Quizzes

Wofford CollegeOctober 2, 2009


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A little about me

What do you remember about me?

Write down as many facts as possible.


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Something a bit more familiar

Which is the real penny?


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Something a bit more familiar

How many people have selected each answerc/o Common Cents

http://www.exploratorium.edu/exhibits/common_cents/results.html


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Why do you need MEMORY?

Memory is the diary that we all carry about with us.~Oscar Wilde

Memory is the primary and fundamental power,

without which there could be no other intellectual

operation. ~Samuel Johnson

How do you use your memory everyday?

What if you couldnt create new memories?

Amnesia patient: Clive Wearing


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Types of memory

Semantic

Episodic Implicit

Learning


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How memory changes as we age

Changes depend on type of memory Stability for non-declarative memory

Stability for semantic memory

Declines for episodic memory

0

5

10

15

20

25

20 30 40 50 60

NumberC

orrect

Age groups

Recognition

Recall


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How can I improve my memory?

Most popular answer: Mnemonic devices
http://search.barnesandnoble.com/Brainpower-Game-Plan/Cynthia-R-Green/e/9781605299006/?itm=2&USRI=improve+memoryhttp://search.barnesandnoble.com/The-Memory-Book/Harry-Lorayne/e/9780345410023/?itm=1&USRI=improve+memoryhttp://search.barnesandnoble.com/How-to-Develop-a-Brilliant-Memory-Week-by-Week/Dominic-OBrien/e/9781844831883/?itm=8&USRI=improve+memoryhttp://search.barnesandnoble.com/The-Memory-Prescription/Gary-Small/e/9780786888771/?itm=6&USRI=improve+memoryhttp://search.barnesandnoble.com/Improve-Your-Memory/Ron-Fry/e/9781401889142/?itm=4&USRI=improve+memoryhttp://search.barnesandnoble.com/Your-Memory/Kenneth-L-Higbee-PhD-Kenneth-L/e/9781569246290/?itm=3&USRI=improve+memory


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Learn the following list by READING

each pair as many times as possible.

Horse Table

Island Hat

Door Note

Bear Apple

Clock Moon Building - Dog

Basket Cloud

Ring Ship

Snow Window

Pencil Hammer

Bread Car Meat - Envelope


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RECALL as many words as possible.

Horse

Island

Door

Bear

Clock Building -

Basket

Ring

Snow

Pencil

Bread Meat -


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ANSWERS

Horse Table Island Hat

Door Note

Bear Apple

Clock Moon

Building - Dog

Basket Cloud Ring Ship

Snow Window

Pencil Hammer

Bread Car

Meat - Envelope


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Common mnemonic devices

Acronyms and acrostics

ROY G BIV

Every good boy deserves fudge

Rhyming

Thirty days has September

i before e except after c

Stories Songs
http://search.barnesandnoble.com/Mnemonics-and-Study-Tips-for-Medical-Students/Khalid-Khan/e/9780340957479/?itm=2&usri=mhttp://search.barnesandnoble.com/Every-Good-Boy-Deserves-Fudge/Rod-L-Evans/e/9781615533268/?itm=1&usri=m


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Dual-coding technique

Example The Great Lakes:

HOMES

Visualization

Interactive

Vivid

Bizarre

Now TWO ways toremember

Word

Picture


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Learn the following list by creating an interactive,

vivid and bizarre interaction of the 2 items.

Road flower

River table

Bird fruit

Rain rock

Dress - money Cow - paper

Box garden

Book cup

Ice train

Fence letter

Egg chair Paint - hammer


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RECALL as many words as possible.

Road

River

Bird

Rain

Dress Cow

Box

Book

Ice

Fence

Egg Paint


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ANSWERS

Road flower River table

Bird fruit

Rain rock

Dress - money

Cow - paper

Box garden Book cup

Ice train

Fence letter

Egg chair

Paint - hammer


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Imagename mnemonic

Use to remember name with face

Think of vivid word that sounds like name

Link word with persons appearance

Example

Rodney Flanery

Image: Football player with rod in his knee, so

benched and wearing flannel to stay warm

Create one for your own name (or mine)!


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Keyword mnemonic

Use to learn new or foreign language words

Think of vivid word that sounds like to-be-rememberedword

Link vivid word with meaning

Example

Pato spanish for duck

Image: Pot on top of Donald ducks head

Create one:

Skulk to hide in a sneaky manner

Image: Skull tip-toeing and hiding behind a couch
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ecardje.nl/cards/images/4/Donald%20Duck.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ecardje.nl/cards/create.php?card_id=104&cardname=Donald%20Duck&h=350&w=350&sz=34&tbnid=7GqaUctWZeoJ:&tbnh=116&tbnw=116&hl=en&start=7&prev=/images?q=donald+duck&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=


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Create keyword mnemonics for one of the

following vocabulary words

Bombastic Pompous

Moil To labor, to drudge

Quagmire A predicament

Jocular Given to or characterized by joking

Gadabout One who roams in search of amusement or social activity

Rapport A relation characterized by sympathy and mutual trust


20/40

Method of Loci

Used by Greek orators

1: Memorize familiar locations in natural order

2: Create visual image of word with eachlocation

Recall: take a mental walk

In the first place


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Method of Loci: Campus Map


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First, memorize the locations in order

Olin

DuPre

Main

Snyder

Library

Carlisle

Daniel

Milliken

BurwellShipp


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Begin to write only after I have given the signal, Go.

Apple

Piano

Hammer

CakePlanet

Pizza

Kite

Bus

Butterfly

Scissors

Olin

DuPre

Main

SnyderLibrary

Carlisle

Daniel

Milliken

Burwell

Shipp


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Method of Loci: Answers

Apple

Piano

Hammer

Cake Planet

Pizza

Kite

Bus

Butterfly

Scissors


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Try mnemonics out

Use mnemonics to remember names and faces,hometown, and other life information

Biggest piece of advice??

Take the time to TRY to remember and payATTENTION!

The true art of memory is the art of attention~Samuel Johnson

ATTENTION!


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Why mnemonics work

Use effort to try to remember Pay attention

Create (multiple) retrieval cues Verbal and visual representations

Organization Group information into chunks

Notice relationships Use existing knowledge

Elaboration Think about meaningand make distinctive

Generation effect Make it personal
http://www.hedweb.com/eleparq3.htm


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Limitations of Mnemonics

Take a long time

How to deal with abstract info?

Need creative ability

Confuse info if use same device Does not help understanding of

material

Doesnt help memory in general Need to practice mnemonics to

get better at using them


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Other ways to improve memory

When mnemonics wont

work or dont want to use

them

Use spaced repetition

Group (chunk) information

Make it meaningful

Use retrieval cues


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Thanks for coming!

Any questions?

Or questions about my research?


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Factors that influence memory

Perception and attention Retrieval cues

Rehearsal

Distributed vs. massed

practice Serial position

Reduce proactiveinterference

Maintenance vs.elaborative rehearsal

Elaboration

Generation effect Association

Self-reference effect

Transfer appropriate

processing Encoding specificity

State dependent learning

Dual-coding

Imagery Organization

Decay

Interference


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Other types of memory and memory

phenomenon

Autobiographical memory

Woman who remembers everything http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2wYcFnTkgo&feature=related

Flashbulb memories

False memories

First memories

Prospective memory

Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2wYcFnTkgo&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2wYcFnTkgo&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2wYcFnTkgo&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2wYcFnTkgo&feature=related


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POPCORN

P pace yourself 15/5 rule (study/break)

O observation see connections

P picture it visualization

C concentration - attention

O organization group info into chunks

R review it (out loud) rehearsal/repetition

N natural observation connect to self


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Schools/mascots

Bates College (ME) Bobcats UCLA Bruins

Citadel Bulldogs

Gettysburg College Bullets

Stanford Univ Cardinal

U of Virginia Cavaliers College of Charleston

Cougars

Middlebury College Panthers

Seton Hall Univ Pirates

U of Arkansas Razorbacks

UNC Wilmington Seahawks

U of Maryland - Terrapins

Emory University - Eagles Stetson Univ Hatters

U of Conn Huskies

Carleton College Knights

Columbia U Lions

Lehigh Univ Mountain Hawks Temple Univ Owls

Furman Paladins

Elon Univ Phoenix

Colgate Univ Raiders

Carnegie Mellon University -Tartans

Fairfield Univ Stags


35/40

Fruits

Loquat

Pear

Apricot

Plum

Blackberry Currant

Kiwi

Cranberry

Cantaloupe Fig

Pomegranate

Grapefruit

Mandarin

Clementine

Tangerine

Avocado Passion fruit

Banana

Papaya

Crabapple Prickly pear

Persimmon


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European Countries

Albania Andorra Austria Belarus Belgium Bosnia

Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia

Finland France Germany

Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia

Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Republic of Macedonia Malta

Moldova Monaco Montenegro

Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia

San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain

Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom


37/40

Has 5 ormore

children

Can play amusical

instrument

Seen aPresident in

person

Has beenmarried

Neverbroken a

bone

Went tocollege

Met a moviestar

Served inthe military

Has ahidden talent

Never flownon an

airplane

Has been toDisneyWorld

Lived in aforeigncountry

YOURNAME

________

Grew up ona farm

Worked as ateacher

Knows a

secondlanguage

Owns a

computer

Has 10 or

moregrandkids

Has traveled

to Europe

Is an only

child

Lived inSpartanburg

entire life

Owned aconvertible

Has a friendwho lives in

another state

Been to anElvis concert

Is ambidex-terous

L t l C l th I H i K th


38/40

Loves to playwith children

Can play thepiano

Is avegetarian

Has a niece ornephew

Knows thedates of the

Civil War

Favorite coloris green

Has jumped inpuddles after

rain

Loves to takepictures

Doesnt like toeat

vegetables

Wants to learnhow to fly an

airplane

Has seen

Disneys Carsmovie

Lived in a

foreigncountry

YOUR NAME

________

Has been to

the GreenvilleZoo

Wrote a letter

to a friend inthe past year

Wants to learna second

language

Has allergiesto cats or

dogs

Has plantedflowers in a

garden

Has gone ona drive in an

RV

Is an onlychild

Has helpeddestroy kudzo

Preferschocolate

over vanilla

ice cream

Has traveledto Tennessee

Likes to playcomputer

games

Has read anew book in

the past

month


39/40

Has 4 ormore

siblings

Can play amusical

instrument

Seen aWofford

sports game

Wants tobecome a

doctor

Neverbroken a

bone

Wants to goto college in

the North

Met afamousathlete

Plans toserve in the

military

Has ahidden talent

Never flownon an

airplane



YOURNAME

________

Has workedon a farm

Worked at agrocery store

Knows a

secondlanguage

Uses a cell

phone daily

Is one of 10

or moregrandkids

Has been to

a zoo

Is an only

child

Lived inSpartanburg

entire life

Owns anipod


another state

Been to amusic

concert

Is ambidex-terous


40/40

Has 4 ormore

siblings

Can play amusical

instrument

Seen aWofford

sports game

Wants tobecome a

doctor

Neverbroken a

bone

Wants to goto college in

the North

Met afamousathlete

Plans toserve in the

military

Has ahidden talent

Never flownon an

airplane



YOURNAME

________

Has workedon a farm

Worked at agrocery store

Knows a

secondlanguage

Uses a cell

phone daily

Is one of 10

or moregrandkids

Has been to

a zoo

Is an only

child

Lived inSpartanburg

i lif

Owns anipod


h

Been to amusic

Is ambidex-terous

Documents

Classes Without Quizzes