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Climate change and Environmental Degradation Risk and Adaptation assessment Step 5 adaptation options

Climate change and Environmental Degradation Risk and Adaptation assessment Step 5 adaptation options

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Climate change and Environmental Degradation Risk and Adaptation

assessment

Step 5

adaptation options

CEDRA helps agencies to . . .

. . . build on existing DRR tools and approaches

Select adaptation optionsResearch adaptation options

Consult communities, local and national government and other NGOs.

Review and amend adaptation options from CEDRA Field Tool Checklist

Likely impacts of climate change and environmental degradation Adaptation option

La

nd

Land degradation Desertification eg due to overgrazing,

overintensive farming, extensive logging. Soil erosion eg caused by overintensive

farming and grazing. Land degradation due to growth or

movement of populations. Deforestation eg due to logging, land

clearance – including through burning forest and shrubs.

Land degradation can result in choking water run-off channels and flooding.

Loss of biodiversity eg due to overintensive farming or changes in climate resulting in changes in breeding or migratory routes for flora and fauna.

Maximise biodiversity, soil fertility & land use

Floating gardens.Crop rotation to maintain soil quality,

minimise erosion (reducing the risk of desertification) and plant less water-dependant crops in drier years (rotate legumes and other crops).

Community forest management and reforestation.

Evaluate alternatives

Discuss and compare the benefits of alternative adaptation options with stakeholders

Select adaptation options

Discuss & agree whether to:

• adapt existing projects

and/ or • identify new

higher priority projects

PART 2: Project risk assessment (Incorporate analysis from Exercises 2.1, 3.2 and 4.1) Sig = Significance of impact: (4= high; 1= low) Lik= Likelihood of impact: (4= high; 1= low) Rsk= Risk = Significance X Likelihood (Multiply figures D and E)

ASector(s)

B Projects

C CC and/or ED impacts

D E F G Adaptation option

1. Livelihoods

Microcredt enterprise

Erratic rainfall could mean enterprises fail. 4 3 12

Diversify to include enterprises that are not all reliant on rain.

Predicted landslides mean communities may need to relocate. 2 2 4

No action. Or possibly avoid risk by relocating livelihood sites.

2. Agriculture

Tree nurseries

Rapid run-off is reducing soil quality.

3 4 12

Cooperate with a local land protection group in the local council and monitor their progress on constructing contour bunds to slow down water run-off and retain soil.

Changes in rainfall mean tree pests breed faster; trees are dying. Likely to get worse.

4 4 16No manageable solution could be found

regarding tree pests.

Alley cropping

Trees may be susceptible to tree pests, preventing them from protecting crops

3 2 6

Local NGO, Eco-trees, have agreed to identify and provide new tree species for alley cropping and to monitor them for resilience.

3. All sectors All projects

The risk of flooding could lead to beneficiaries’ homes being destroyed. This may affect their involvement in the project.

4 4 16

New project retrofitting homes to strengthen them against flooding. Local government technical officer has provided design and has agreed to inspect them at completion.

4. New sector

New project

Potential impacts associated with this project 2 1 2

New proposed adaptation project may itself need adapting.

A selection of Tearfund’s adaptation work• Market gardens• Seed banks• Alley cropping• Inter-cropping• Flood diversion channels• Evacuation plans• Tree coppicing• Advocacy• Reforestation• Livelihood diversification• Well point monitoring• Zai technique

• Replanting mangroves• Grain banks• Rainwater harvesting• Flood/ drought resistant crops• Cyclone shelters• Sustainable Water Resources

Management• Efficient wood burning stoves• Education programmes• Rainwater catchment bunds• Nomadic fixation sites• Demi-lunes

Forgotten practices revived

India: Rainwater catchment bunds

Ethiopia: Diverse Planting

Trees and plants protect each other

Kenya: Alley Cropping

Protecting & improving poor soils

Niger: Natural Reforestation

Dead forests, living roots

Burkina Faso: Demi-lunes

Niger: Nomadic fixation sites

Wells and dykes support Nomadicfixation sites

Bangladesh: flood evacuation route

Burkina Faso: The Zai technique

Food from barren soil

India: women’s livelihoods project

Livelihood diversification

Bangladesh: Floating gardens

Adapting to floods

Burkina Faso: Community market gardens

Alternative diet

Honduras: Replanting mangroves

Coastal protection

Niger: Grain banks

Food security

India: community led response

Efficient irrigation project