29
1 The Effects of Climate Change and Peak Oil on Marine Shipping, Naviga>on and Hydrography MJ Casey IIC Technologies

Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

US Hydrographic Conference 2011 Paper:The effects of Climate Change and Peak Oil on Globalised Trade, Marine Navigation and Hydrography

Citation preview

Page 1: Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

1  

The  Effects  of  Climate  Change  and  Peak  Oil  on  Marine  Shipping,  Naviga>on  and  Hydrography  

MJ  Casey  IIC  Technologies  

Page 2: Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

2  

Summary  

•  We  live  in  a  globalized  world  where  cheap,  fast  and  reliable  marine  transporta>on  is  essen>al  

•  Post  Kyoto  Global  Climate  Change  regula>ons  will  address  marine  targets  for  Greenhouse  Gas  (GSG)  emissions  

•  Oil  is  in  finite  supply  and  we  are  likely  near  the  peak  of  produc>on;  we  can  expect  fuel  prices  to  steadily  climb  

Page 3: Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

3  

Trade  is  Globalized  

•  JIT  means  no  inventory  

•  Networked  trade  is  endemic  

•  We  are  all  involved  •  Going  back  to  old  style  trade  is  not  an  op>on  

•  The  world  is  totally  dependent  upon  air  and  sea  cargo  carriers  

Page 4: Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

4  

Interna5onal  Nature  of  Auto  Manufacturing  

Dodge  Journey:  43%  US  parts  

Ford  Expedi>on:  50%  

Jaguar  Vanden  Plas  Sedan:  20%  

Page 5: Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

5  

Globaliza5onCheap,  Reliable  Seaborne  Trade  

Page 6: Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

6  

Turning  Back  Will  Be  Difficult  

Machine  Tool  Produc5on  is  

Down  

Page 7: Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

7  

Kyoto  and  Interna5onal  Shipping  

•  under  the  Kyoto  Protocol  emissions  from  interna>onal  mari>me  transport  are  not  included  in  na>onal  inventories  or  na>onal  emissions  reduc>on  targets  

•  The  Interna>onal  Mari>me  Organiza>on  (IMO)  and  the  Interna>onal  Civil  Avia>on  Organiza>on  (ICAO)  are  working  to  build  an  interna>onal  consensus  on  addressing  their  respec>ve  sector’s  CO2  and  other  emissions  

Page 8: Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

8  

Shipping  is  Green-­‐er  

Expected  Growth  of  GHG  Emissions  A1FI:  Fossil  Intensive  A1B:  Balanced  energy  source  A1T:  Technologically  advanced  and  non-­‐fossil  intensive  B1:  switch  to  greener  technology  B2:  regional  focus  

Page 9: Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

9  

Most  Finite  Resources  Produc5on  Follow  Logis5c  Curve  

UK  Coal  Produc5on  

Page 10: Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

10  

The  Rise  and  Fall  of  Oil  Produc5on  

Alaska  (‘88)  Texas  (‘72)   Mexico  (‘04)  

Romania  (‘75)  

Saudi  Arabia  (??)  

(‘00)  

‘04  

‘08  

Page 11: Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

11  

M.  King  Hubbert  and  “Peak  Oil”  

Page 12: Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

12  

Summary  to  here  

•  Shipping  is  essen>al  •  GHG  Emissions  Regula>ons  will  be  applied  to  Interna>onal  Shipping  

•  Oil,  in  ever  decreasing  supply,  will  rise  in  price  

Shipping  needs  alterna>ve  energy  sources  

Page 13: Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

13  

Post  Kyoto  GHG  Emissions  Regula5ons  

•  Size  of  current  interna>onal  shipping  GHG  emissions  

•  Op>ons  to  reduce  GHG  emissions  

•  Guidelines  for  new-­‐builds  to  reduce  GHG  emissions  

Page 14: Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

14  

Energy  Loss  at  Sea  

Only  28%  of  energy  goes  into  propulsion  

Page 15: Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

15  

Op5mizing  Superstructure,  Hull  and  Prop  

Page 16: Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

16  

Wind,  Solar  

MV  Auriga-­‐Leader  Toyota  Car  Carrier  

Flebner  rotors  on  ENERCON  E-­‐Ship-­‐1  

SkySails  on  MV  Beluga  

Page 17: Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

17  

Alterna5ve  Fuels  

2030??  Synthe>c  Fischer-­‐Tropsch  

70MW  Hyperion  Nuclear  

Page 18: Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

18  

Leading  Contender:    LNG  

DNV  suggest  by  2020  all  newbuilds  will  specify  LNG  tanks  and  dual  fuel  engines  

Page 19: Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

19  

Energy  Efficiency  Design  Index  EEDI  expresses  the  CO2  emission  of  a  ship  design  per  value  for  society,  which  is  taken  as  ton  deadweight  Qmes  ship  speed  for  transport  ships  and  gross  tonnage  Qmes  ship  speed  for  passenger  ships  …conceived  as  a  future  mandatory  standard  for  newbuilds  

Page 20: Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

20  

Opera5onal  Changes  

•  Vessel  Speed  Reduc>on  •  Beber  Voyage  Planning  •  Beber  Logis>cs  

Page 21: Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

21  

Speed  Reduc5on  

Page 22: Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

22  

Role  of  the  Hydrographic  Community  

To  reframe  the  nau>cal  chart  and  associated  publica>ons  as  aids  to  energy  efficiency  

…  

Focus  on  minimizing  the  energy  expended  by  ships  though  high  resolu>on  current  surveys  and  models  

…  

Focus  on  improved  shipping  efficiency  through  improved  under-­‐keel-­‐clearance  depth  and  air-­‐gap  

forecas>ng  …  

Aid  the  mariner  in  op>mizing  the  voyage  

Page 23: Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

23  

Voyage  Op5miza5on  (VO)  

Page 24: Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

24  

VO  (2):  Air  Gap  

Page 25: Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

25  

VO  (3):  DUKC  

Porto  de  Lisboa  

Dynamic  Under  Keel  Clearance  

Page 26: Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

26  

VO  (4):  Ice  Coverage  

Page 27: Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

27  

Northern  Route  

A  Substan>al  Reduc>on  in  GHG  Emissions    (approx.  19,000  T)  

GHG  Emission  savings  per  year  20,000,000  T  

32,000  T  

13,000  T  

Page 28: Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

28  

Summary  

•  Shipping  is  essen>al  but  will  come  under  pressure  to  reduce  GHG  emissions  and  reduce  costs  

•  The  hydrographic  community  can  play  a  part  increasing  shipping  efficiency  through  an  extension  of  well  known  technologies  and  innova>ve  methods  yet  to  be  discovered  

Page 29: Climate Change, Peak Oil and Their Effects on Hydrography

29  

Thank You!