Climate smart agriculture “

Sanjay Deshmukh, PhD, Professor of Life Sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai

Biodiversity in 2100 under different value frameworks “

Climate change: Perceptional issues “

How rising temperatures may affect Pests insects“

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Host and parasitoid may respond differently to temperature changes uncoupling population dynamics

How rising temperatures may affect Pests insects“

Expanded overwintering ranges Reduced overwintering mortality

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UN International Years & Year of Family Farming“

• 2013 was commemorated as the Year of Quinoa• 2014 is being observed as the International Year of

Family Farming• 2015 is the International Year of Soils• 2016 is the International Year of Pulses

Such Years generate awareness - analysis – action

The United Nations declared 2014 the International Year of Family Farming (IYFF) to recognise the importance of family farming in reducing poverty and improving global food security. According to the UN, the IYFF aims to promote new development policies particularly at the national but also regional levels that will help small holder and family farmers eradicate hunger, through small scale sustainable agricultural production. Family farming involves about 500 million families consisting of over two billion people.

Challenges faced by Farming due to Climate Change“

Rising temperatures: higher temperatures will reduce crop productivity

Increased frequency of droughts

Excess rainfall/flooding

Milder winter

Increase in the areas affected by salinity

Changes in crop cycles (shorter growing season)

Newly emerging pests and diseases

Salt water intrusion in coastal areas

Inputs and Socio-economic constraints“

Insufficient technology available and extension services

Seed availability/quality

Availability of fertilizer

Timely control and availability of pesticides for weed and pest control;

Mechanization affordability/access to suitable small machinery

Availability of credit to farmers

Price fluctuation

Access to markets: local, regional & international

Food Security, Climate “Smart” Agriculture“

Science

Policy

Scale

United Nations Secretary General’s version“

2025 : Target Year for Achieving Zero Hunger Challenge

30 per cent children are stunted in South Asia “

Prevention of Food Losses and Waste - an important component of the Zero Hunger Challenge

• SOUTH ASIAN ENIGMA• Extraordinary economic

growth in South Asia • Population largely

dependent on agriculture• Yet, 2 out of 5 children

stunted

South Asian Enigma (Data Source: UNICEF, 2013)“

61.7

11 9.6 8 7.5 6

INDIA NIGERIA PAKISTAN CHINA INDONESIABANGLADESH

Top 6 countries with highest number of stunted children

(millions)

Region with the largest number of children with stunted growthFirst 1000 days critical. Low Birth Weight Babies 1 in 4Under-nutrition reduces a nation’s economic advancement by 8%

(Source: Lancet 2013)

Three major dimensions of Hunger“

CALORIE DEPRIVATION

PROTEIN HUNGER

HIDDEN HUNGER(Micronutrient deficiency)

Zero Hunger Challenge“

Challenge Response

Calorie deprivation Ever-green Revolution

Protein Hunger Pulses Revolution

Hidden Hunger Biofortification Revolution

Family farming based on gender, nutrition and climate sensitive agriculture is the pathway

for food for all and forever

Evergreen Revolution is the Pathway“

o World requires 50% more rice in 2030 than in 2004 with approximately 30% less arable land of today

o Mainstreaming ecology in technology development and dissemination is the road to sustainable agriculture

Price volatility“

Future belongs to Nations with Grains and not Guns

Family Farming is the pathway to Sustainable Food Security

Achieving Sustainability in Family Farming“

Environmental Sustainability: Environmental sustainability of family farming can be obtained

by helping family farms to conserve and ensure the sustainable use of natural resources on their farms, namely water, land and biodiversity.

Thus, research must focus on enhancing water availability, water productivity and water use efficiency; building soil productivity fertility and combating land degradation; and conserving biodiversity through sustainable use.

Achieving Sustainability in Family Farming“

Social Sustainability: Generating more employment opportunities for family

farming members; Empower women and strife for social equity; Attract youth to agriculture by making agriculture an

attractive profession: intellectually challenging and economically rewarding;

Improving infrastructure in rural areas and providing institutional services;

Improving livelihoods by improving quality of life, not just more income.

Achieving Sustainability in Family Farming“

Economic Sustainability: Having higher productivity; Creating more job opportunities; Producing high value crops; Producing added value products; Reducing production costs; Improving post-harvest handling; Linking farmers to markets; Providing opportunities for micro-credit to small enterprises.

Integrated Sustainable Agricultural development“

Socio-economic & policy, and institutional support

Sustainable Natural resource management and inputs

Crop & livestock genetic improvement

Integration at field and farmers levels