CLOUD COMPUTINGDEMYSTIFYING THE CLOUDArticle by: Janakiram MSVPresented By: Zeki Bayram

Main Clouds on the market

Evolution of ISPs

Evolution of ISPsISP 1.0 was all about providing internet access to their customers ISP 2.0 was the phase where ISPs offered hosting capabilities ISP 3.0 co-location through which the ISPs started leasing out the rack space and bandwidth. By this, companies could host their servers running custom, Line of Business (LoB) applications that could be accessed over the web by its employees, trading partners and customers.

Evolution of ISPsISP 4.0 offering applications on subscription resulting in the Application Service Provider (ASP) model. The latest Software as a Service or SaaS, is a mature ASP model. ISP 5.0 the cloud

The Programmable Web Web Services made the web programmable Web Services accept one or more input parameters and invoke processing logic which will result in an output Today every popular search engine, social networking site and syndication portal has APIs offered to developers

Web Services Stack

VirtualizationAll the physical server roles like Web Servers, Database Servers and Messaging Servers run as virtualized instances Lower Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and brings substantial savings on the power bills and reduced cost of cooling equipment

Exposing the hardware and the OS as a Service

Exposing the Runtime + SDK +OS + hardware + the language runtime as a service

Web Application as a Service (SaaS)

Infrastructure as a Service When you are able to delegate a program to execute on a remote OS running on the Web, you are leveraging Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) All that the Cloud OS offers is the infrastructure services You may choose to use REST API to manage this OS or use SSH or Remote Desktop console

IaaSDifferences from Web hosting:Web hosting only hosts web pages Web hosting cannot execute code that needs low level access to the OS API Web hosting cannot dynamically scale on demand - IaaS enables you to run your computing task on virtually unlimited number of machines.

IaaSThrough IaaS, you have just moved a server running in your backyard into the Cloud You pretty much own the managing, patching, securing and the health of the remote servers. Amazon EC2 is an example of commercial IaaS offering

Cloud OS = Infrastructure as a Service

Platform as a Service Developers can leverage a scalable platform to run their applications Developers need not worry about installing, maintaining, securing and patching the server Microsoft Azure and Google App Engine are examples of PaaS

Cloud FX = Platform as a Service

Software as a Service Most of the applications are moving to the Cloud to be offered as services. Consumers can now use inexpensive devices that are capable of connecting to the web to get their work done This reduces the upfront investment in software and brings the Pay-as-you-go model Google Apps, Salesforce.com and Microsoft Online Services are examples of SaaS

Cloud App = Software as a Service

What does Cloud Computing mean to IT Professionals and System Administrators? Cloud Computing is all about consolidation and outsourcing the infrastructure They are typically focused on the Infrastructure as a Service IT Pros will move away from managing individual servers in their Data Centers to using a unified console to manage, track and monitor the health of the remote server instances running on the Cloud.

IaaS is the focus area of IT Pros and system administrators

What does Cloud Computing mean to Developers and Architects ?Platform as a Service is an offering meant for developers and architects Architects should start thinking about the patterns that will make the applications seamlessly scale on-the-fly across hundreds of servers

PaaS is the focus area of developers and architects

What does Cloud Computing mean to Consumers ?Consumers will experience the Cloud through a variety of applications that they will use in their day to day life Consumers will subscribe to Software as a Service offerings

SaaS delivers software through a subscription for the consumers

Definition of CloudOutsourcing your infrastructure and applications to run on a remote resource Has 4 key propertiesElasticity - the dynamic capability to scale up and scale down Pay-By-Use Self Service - you do it by yourself by using the Console offered by the Cloud provider Programmability - Developers can now create additional machines and add it to the applications on demand. They can now do a For-Each loop on every server instance and decide what do with each instance!

Elasticity

Server Configuration @ ElasticHosts.com

ElasticFox for managing Amazon Web Web Services

iPhone App to manage AWS

Hosting vs. the Cloud

The 4 Implementations of the Cloud Public Cloud It needs a huge investment and only well established companies with deep pockets like Microsoft, Amazon and Google can afford to set them up. Public Cloud is implemented on thousands of servers running across hundreds of data centers deployed across tens of locations around the world Customers can choose a location for his application to be deployed

Public Cloud

The 4 Implementations of the Cloud Private Cloud Private Clouds are normal data centers within an enterprise with all the 4 attributes of the Cloud Elasticity, Self Service, Pay-By-Use and Programmability By setting up a Private Cloud, enterprises can consolidate their IT infrastructure They will need fewer IT staff to manage the data center Reduced power bills because of the low electricity consumption and lesser cooling equipment needs

Private Cloud

The 4 Implementations of the CloudHybrid Clouda combination of Private Cloud and Public Cloud Security plays a critical role in connecting the Private Cloud to the Public Cloud Amazon Web Services has recently announced Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) that securely bridges Private Cloud and Amazon Web Services Microsofts recent Windows AppFabric brings the concept of Hybrid Cloud to Microsofts future customers

Hybrid Cloud

The 4 Implementations of the CloudCommunity Cloud Community Cloud is implemented when a set of businesses have a similar requirement and share the same context. For example, the Federal government in US may decide to setup a government specific Community Cloud that can leveraged by all the states Through this, individual local bodies like state governments will be freed from investing, maintaining and managing their local data centers So, a Community Cloud is a sort of Private Cloud but goes beyond just one organization

Community Cloud

The Anatomy of the Cloud Virtualization: running virtual instances of multiple guest operating systems on a single host operating system. Examples for the desktop: Microsoft Virtual PC, VMware Player or Sun VirtualBox These let you install and run an OS within the host OS The virtualized guest OS images are called Virtual Machines

Server Virtualization

Why virtualization on traditional data centers?Mean Time To Restore Maximizing the server utilization Reduction in maintenance cost Fewer, more powerful servers, less cooling expenseMigration of servers when server needs to be replacedEfficient management Centralized console to manage, maintain, track and monitor the health of physical servers and the VMs running on these servers

Traditional server- OS manages the applications

Hypervisor is an efficient Virtual Machine Manager (VMM) that is designed from the ground up to run multiple high performant VMs

Bare Metal Virtualization

Virtualization and the Cloud The architecture that we discussed forms the heart and soul of Cloud Computing. Elasticity: Achieved through virtualizationSelf Service: The Hypervisor comes with an API and the required agents to manage it remotely Pay-By-Use: By using the management and monitoring capabilities of the Hypervisor, metering the usage of resources like the CPUs, RAM and storage can be easily achieved Programmable Infrastructure: Developers can directly talk to the Hypervisor through the native APIs or Web Services exposed by the Cloud vendors

Under the hood of a server

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

AWSGiven that Amazon offers the core capabilities to run a complete web application or a Line of Business application, it is obvious that it is Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). You can choose an OS, App server and the programming language of your choice AWS SDK and API is available for most of the popular languages including Java, .NET, Python and Ruby.

AWSS3 Simple Storage Service. S3 can store any arbitrary data as objects accompanied by metadata. All the objects can be accessed using simple REST or SOAP calls. S3 can also be treated as a virtual file system to provide persistence storage capabilities to applications.

AWSEC2 hiring a server running at a remote location. These servers are actually Virtual Machine images running on top of Amazons powerful data centers. Amazon calls these virtualized server instances as Amazon Machine Images or AMI You can launch multiple instances of your AMI and attach them to an IP called the Elastic IP Because of the dynamic capability of launching multiple instances of the same AMIs to scale up and terminating them to scale down, it is called Elastic Compute Cloud.

AWSSQS message queue on the Cloud supports programmatic sending of messages via web service applications as a way to communicate over the internet

AWSCloudFront When your web application is targeting the global users, it makes sense to serve the static content through a server that is closer to the user CloudFront is CDN (content delivery network) as a service

AWSSimpleDBS3 offers storage for arbitrary binary data SimpleDB is a flexible way to store Name/Value pairs on the Cloud This dramatically reduces the overhead of maintaining a relational database continuously SimpleDB is accessed through REST and HTTP calls and can be easily consumed by any client that can parse a HTTP response Many Web 2.0 applications built using AJAX, Flash and Silverlight can easily access data from SimpleDB

AWSRDS Amazon RDS offers relational database on the Cloud It is based on the popular MySQL database. The advantage of RDS is that you do not install, configure, manage and maintain the DB server RDS is priced on Pay-as-you-go model and there is no upfront investment required. It is accessible through the REST and SOAP based API.

Scenarios for using AWSScalable Web Application If you want to go-live with your app without an upfront investment, you can run your web app on Amazon, you can dynamically scale you application on demand and only pay for what you use. Line of Business ApplicationIf your enterprise has to open up an internal LOB application to its employees and trading partners, it can extend the application to the Cloud by leveraging a concept of AWS called Virtual Private Cloud (VPC).

Scenarios for using AWSData Archival Data that is not very frequently accessed but may be required due to data retention policies can be easily archived on Amazon S3. By building a simple, searchable frontend, this data can be searched and retrieved on-demand. Moving the data to the Cloud will ensure that is available from any where and any time.

Scenarios for using AWSHigh-Performance Computing On Demand For many enterprises, there is an occasional requirement of high performance computing. Investing in high-end servers is not an optimal solution because they may not be utilized after the task is done. With AWS, companies can virtually hire as much computing power as they need and pay only for what they used.

Scenarios for using AWSScalable Media Delivery A TV channel might want to start delivering the recorded shows to its global audience. Since most of the content is static, they can leverage the CDN capabilities.

Microsoft Windows Azure Platform Windows Azure Platform has 4 key services in it Windows Azure which is the Cloud OS from Microsoft AppFabric which enables the integration of on-premise services with the Cloud Database on the Cloud called SQL Azure Dallas which is a marketplace to publish, discover, consume and analyze premier content

Azure Platform

WINDOWS AZUREHeart & soul of the Azure Platform OS that runs on each and every server running in the data centers across multiple geographic locations Windows Azure abstracts the underlying hardware and brings an illusion that it is just one instance of OS Because this OS runs across multiple physical servers, there is a layer on the top that coordinates the execution of processes called the Fabric

WINDOWS AZUREIn between the Fabric and the Windows Azure OS, there are hundreds of Virtual Machines (VM) that actually run the code and the applications As a developer, you will only see two services at the top of this stack. They are 1) Compute and, 2) Storage

Windows Azure architecture

WINDOWS AZUREYou interact with the Compute service when you deploy your applications on Windows Azure Applications are expected to run within one of the two roles called Web Role or Worker Role

WINDOWS AZUREWeb Role is meant to host typical ASP.NET web applications or any other CGI web applications Worker Role is to host long running processes that do not have any UI

Storage in AZUREBlobs: can store large binary objects like media files, documents and even serialized objects Tables: flexible name/value based storage Queues: used to deliver reliable messages between applications. Best mechanism to communicate between Web Role and Worker Role

Compute & Storage Service

AppFabric Enables seamless integration of services that run within an organization behind a firewall with those services that are hosted on the Cloud It forms a secure bridge between the legacy applications and the Cloud servicesTwo key components of AppFabricService BusAccess Control.

AppFabric connecting on-premise to the Cloud

Service Bus Provides a secure connectivity between on-premise and Cloud services Can be used to register, discover and consume services irrespective of their location Services hosted behind firewalls can be registered with the Service Bus and these services can be then invoked by the Cloud Services Abstracts the physical location of the Service by providing a URI that can be invoked by any potential consumer

Access Control Mechanism to secure your Cloud services and applications Provides a declarative way of defining rules and claims through which callers can gain access to Cloud servicesEnables enterprises to integrate their on-premise security mechanisms like Active Directory with the Cloud based authentication

SQL Azure Microsoft SQL Server on the Cloud Full blown relational database engine Data can be easily synchronized between on-premise SQL Server and SQL AzureSQL Azure can be treated exactly like a DB server running in your data center without the overhead of maintaining and managing it by your teams

SQL Azure

Microsoft Codenamed Dallas Exchange setup by Microsoft for parties that can publish useful data/content and parties that can consume this data in their applications For example, Public Sector can publish interesting and useful census data and some company in the healthcare business might be just looking for this data.

Microsoft Codename Dallas service

Microsoft Codename Dallas service Scalable Web Application Compute Intensive Application Centralized Data Access Hybrid Applications (Cloud + On-Premise) Cloud Based Data Hub (open to trading partners)

Google App Engine Platform to deploy and run web applications on Googles infrastructureOffers a transactional data store for persisting data Developers can integrate their web application with Google Accounts through the APIs Big advantage: scalability

Your web app running along with Google properties

Google App Engine Currently supports Python and Java environmentsIntegration with Google Accounts empowers the developers to leverage Googles secure authentication engine for their custom applications

Components of Google App Engine