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7/31/2019 Cloud Computing make a revolution in economy and Information Technology
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Cloud Computing make a revolution in economy and Information
Technology
Mohammad Abedi1*, Mehdi Darbandi
1, Jalal Nakhaei
2
1Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Iran University of Science and Technology
(IUST); Tehran, Iran2
Department of Art and Architecture, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University; Tehran, Iran(*Corresponding author: Mohammad Abedi)
Abstract: This paper discuss about influencesof cloud computing and also other social
networks like cloud computing on different
aspects of one society, for example as a case
study we review the impact of these social
networks on a economic and cultural aspects of
one society; also on the other hand we review
some potential parameters that has deep
influences on a extension of such networks.
Cloud Computing is a powerful and flexible
software environment, which delegates the
material's management and in which users pay
as they go. The migration of enterprise
applications on the Cloud is increasing. Most of
these applications are available with a
standardized access to the business logic
through Internet. However, the current cloud
offers is not always complying with users' needs.
For instance, some providers do not guarantee
sufficient resource flexibility and highavailability. Other users try to build their own
Cloud based on open source technologies.
Introduction:We told this social network and social service as
a Cloud, because the concept of this
technology is still cloudy, we havent enoughknowledge about hardware and/or software
platforms of such network, also we havent any
information about its architecture and thelocation of resources. Cloud computing is very
promising technology that may undoubtedly
change the way many companies operating. It is
prominent, in fact, that they create new offers on
the providers side and, conversely, new needson the users side. In other words, Cloud
technologies are potentially able to transform
networks, through the interconnection of
dispersed resources located in different
geographical places, services and lives. The
transformation of services supplied by internet
providers imply the advent and consolidation of
Software as a Service (hereinafter SaaS) [1],
and/or Resource as a Service (hereinafter RaaS),
virtual hardware, etc. these are all examples of
the phenomenon of dematerialisation andvirtualisation of physical items that involve to a
great extent hardware that often, is provided as
a service. Transformation of lives means that
companies and consumers are expected to
become familiar with the idea that their data are
not stored in-house, but theyre stored in theCloud, i.e. in the dispersed servers of the
provider. The current developments in the field
of Cloud computing are (maybe) paving the way
to the personal computer and servers of the
future, composed just of a monitor, a keyboard,a mouse and an internet connection. Potentially,
in fact, all data conventionally stored in the
hard disk of the computer can be retrieved
online from the portal of the Cloud provider.
Cloud Computing System (CCS) aims to power
the next generation data centers and enables
application service providers to lease data
center capabilities for deploying applications
depending on user Quality of Service (QoS)
requirements. Huge investments and complex
managements are shifted from users toproviders.
Mobile cloud is a machine-to-machine service
model, where a mobile device can use the cloud
for searching, data mining, and multimedia
processing. To protect the processed data,
security services, i.e., encryption, decryption,
authentications, etc., are performed in the cloud.
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In general, we can classify cloud security
services in two categories: Critical Security
(CS) service and Normal Security (NS) service.
CS service provides strong security protection
such as using longer key size, strict security
access policies, and isolations for protecting
data, and so on. The CS service usually
occupies more cloud computing resources;
however it generates more rewards to the cloud
provider since the CS service users need to pay
more for using the CS service. With the increase
of the number of CS and NS service users, it is
important to allocate the cloud resource to
maximize the system rewards with the
considerations of the cloud resource
consumption and incomes generated from cloud
users.
Cloud computing is a new network computing
paradigm based on IP architecture, it is
everywhere, pick up any tech magazine or visit
almost any IT website or blog and you'll be sure
to see talk about cloud computing. Cloud
computing applications without borders,
mobility and other characteristics has led to
their own safety and security issues in the
security field.
Elasticity of cloud computing eases the burden
of capacity planning. Cloud computing users
dynamically provision IT resources tracking
their fluctuating demand, and only pay for their
usage. Therefore, cloud computing essentially
shifts the burden of capacity planning from
user's side to provider's side. On the other hand,
providers take this burden with the optimistic
assumption that diverse workloads from various
users will flatten the overall demand curve.
However, this optimistic hypothesis has not been
proved yet in the real world cases. In fact,
counter evidences have been raised. December
2009, Amazon Web Services (AWS), a leading
infrastructure cloud service provider, started to
offer a real-time pricing for computing
resources -- Amazon EC2 Spot Instances (SIs).
Real-time pricing, in principle, encourages
users to shift their flexible workloads from
provider's peak hours to off-peak hours with
monetary incentives. Interestingly, from our
observation on AWS's one-year SI price history
datasets, we conclude that the observed
monetary incentive is not large enough to
motivate users to shift their workloads. It is
reasonable for users to choose SIs over on-
demand instances because SIs is 52.3% cheaper
on average. After that, shifting the workload to
cheaper period provides only 3.7 % additional
cost savings at best. Moreover, both average
cost savings and price fluctuation have not been
meaningfully changed over time.
Cloud computing enables IT systems to be
scalable and elastic. One significant advantage
of it is users no longer need to determine their
exact computing resource requirements upfront.
Instead, they request computing resources as
required, on-demand.
Cloud Computing is often described as
"resources accessed via a browser over the
Internet." However, this definition has become
increasingly insufficient to characterize the
breadth of applications and use cases for the
cloud, and the networks that must support them.
A broadening range of endpoints are accessing
the cloud: browser-free device apps, multimedia
endpoints such as video and game consoles,
sensor networks, servers, and storage. The
wireline and wireless network requirements-e.g.,
jitter, latency, packet loss, protocol support-for
these uses vary, and imply that a variety of
network capabilities are sometimes necessary:
e.g., MPLS for quality of service via class of
service to support interactive high definition
video in the cloud; optical transport for native
protocols such as Fiber Channel for data
integration in hybrid cloud scenarios; route
control for country compliance issues. Also,
distributed topologies and optimized routing are
required due to application latency constraints.
Moreover, wireless sensor networks and hybrid
cloud scenarios such as cloudbursting that
require a variety of complex distributed data
approaches are driving new transport
requirements: guaranteed bandwidth, dynamic
bandwidth on demand, and usage-sensitive
pricing for fine-grained quantities and duration
of bandwidth. Cloud Computing, either as an
integrated service or in support of pure-play
customers must drive service providers'
international telecommunications infrastructure
evolution as well as BSS/OSS.
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As multi-core processors with tens or hundreds
of cores begin to grow, system optimization
issues once faced only by the High-Performance
Computing (HPC). To satisfy the requirement,
one can leverage multi-core architectures to
parallelize traffic monitoring so as to progress
information processing capabilities over
traditional uni-processor architectures.
Cloud computing is an emerging computing
paradigm. It aims to share data valuations, and
services transparently among users of a massive
grid. It became a hot issue for its advantage
such as "reduce costs", "increase business
flexibility" and/or "provide business continuity".
We study methods to discuss the cloud
computing opportunity for Chinese IT industry.
Build a model to describe the kernel element in
cloud computing industry.
High-speed networks and low-cost commodity
components which becomes progressively
cheaper, faster and easily available, led
Computer Science (CS) research focus shifting
from programming computers to the question of
how best to design, build, analyze, and operate
networks [20]. New requirements and
challenges are today met by the design of a new
operational model which is enabled by an old
technology (i.e. Virtualization), rather than the
implementation of a new technology: Cloud
Computing. Although CS is mainly fostering
Cloud Computing solutions solely for specific
fields, such as enterprise and transactional Web
applications (e.g. Amazon EC 2
aws.amazon.com/ec2), this pervasive paradigm
is generating a metaphor that enables to access
and share software in the Internet as data in a
way which is natural for human beings.
The ability to record and keep account of the
usage of cloud resources in a credible and
verifiable way is a precursor to widespread
cloud deployment and availability because
usage information is potentially sensitive and
must be verifiably accurate. In an attempt to
provide a mutually verifiable resource usage
and billing mechanism, we found that the
frequent asymmetric key operations of a digital
signature lead to excessive computations and a
bottleneck of billing transactions.
While cloud computing (CC) is a scalable model
of shared infrastructure and on-demand
computing, it lacks a transparent trust and
security mechanism. A data owner (DO) loses
control over the data outsourced to a machine
in the cloud controlled and operated by a cloud
service provider (CSP). This machine is at a
location unknown to a data owner. This loss of
control over data is further intensified with the
lack of managing users' access to the data from
practical cloud computing perspectives.
Cloud computing provides cost-efficient
opportunities for enterprises by offering a
variety of dynamic, scalable, and shared
services. Usually, cloud providers provide
assurances by specifying technical and
functional descriptions in Service Level
Agreements (SLAs) for the services they offer.
The descriptions in SLAs are not consistent
among the cloud providers even though they
offer services with similar functionality.
Therefore, customers are not sure whether they
can identify a trustworthy cloud provider only
based on its SLA. To support the customers in
reliably identifying trustworthy cloud providers,
we propose a multi-faceted Trust Management
(TM) system architecture for a cloud computing
marketplace. This system provides means to
identify the trustworthy cloud providers in terms
of different attributes (e.g., security,
performance, compliance) assessed by multiple
sources and roots of trust information.
Cloud Computing is an emerging technology in
the area of parallel and distributed computing.
Clouds consist of a collection of virtualized
resources, which include both computational
and storage facilities that can be provisioned on
demand, depending on the users' needs. Gang
Scheduling is an efficient technique for
scheduling parallel jobs, already applied in the
areas of Grid and Cluster computing.
Based on cloud-computing and ecological
database, an anti-forest-fire ecological
management system was designed to detect
control and eliminate the forest fire. The cloud
computing platform was used to collect manage
and analyze the ecological data about the forest
fire etc., by monitoring the forest fire in ecology
and managing the information center. The
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cloud-computing platform against the forest fire
was built with the cloud-computing simulation
toolkit CloudSim, which is a framework for
modeling and simulating cloud computation in
infrastructures and services. The anti-forest-fire
ecological management system was a kind of
parallel decision support system for dealing
with the forest fire in ecology, and it provided
accurate timely and comprehensive information.
Besides, the system can help the forestry
department to make pre-arranged plans to
satisfy the actual needs of security management,
improve the intelligence and automation for
managing the forest fire ecologically, and
increase efficiency. The new technique can be
used to improve the ecosystem of forest fire
management and maximize the stability and
security of the forest ecosystem.
Scientific computing often requires the
availability of a massive number of computers
for performing large scale experiments.
Traditionally, high-performance computing
solutions and installed facilities such as clusters
and super computers have been employed to
address these needs. Cloud computing provides
scientists with a completely new model of
utilizing the computing infrastructure with the
ability to perform parallel computations using
large pools of virtual machines (VMs). The
infrastructure services (Infrastructure-as-a-
service), provided by these cloud vendors, allow
any user to provision a large number of
compute instances. However, scientific
computing is typically characterized by complex
communication patterns and requires optimized
runtimes. Today, VMs are manually instantiated,
configured and maintained by cloud users.
These coupled with the latency, crash and
omission failures in service providers, results in
an inefficient use of VMs, increased complexity
in VM-management tasks, a reduction in the
overall computation power and increased time
for task completion.
Mobile cloud computing is a combination of
mobile computing and cloud computing, and
provides cloud computing environment through
various mobile devices. Recently, due to rapid
expansion of smart phone market and wireless
communication environment, mobile devices are
considered as resource for large scale
distributed processing. But mobile devices have
several problems, such as unstable wireless
connection, limitation of power capacity, low
communication bandwidth and frequent location
changes. As resource providers, mobile devices
can join and leave the distributed computing
environment unpredictably. This interrupts the
undergoing operation, and the delay or failure
of completing the operation may cause a system
failure. Because of low reliability and no-
guarantee of completing an operation, it is
difficult to use a mobile device as a resource.
That means that mobile devices are volatile.
Therefore, we should consider volatility, one of
dynamic characteristics of mobile devices, for
stable resource provision.
Currently, Cloud network operators and service
providers are managing server, network and
storage resources by various management
systems to manage hardware, applications,
traffic, and resources monitoring including
bandwidth, storage capacity, and throughput
utilization. However, these systems are not
coordinated with accounting, security and
configuration systems to provide end-to-end
service management. Various players are
emerging to provide remote computing and
storage resources over the cloud network.
Telecommunications grade operation systems
will be the key to realize end-to-end service
management, and resource management to
assure application quality of service.
The scope of this paper is to assess whether or
not, from the legal point of view, it is feasible
that these innovations continue in reality or, to
the contrary, whether the development of Cloud
computing is expected to slow down or to stop.
Actually, in fact, Cloud market is still a niche,
although the investments made by private
companies and public institutions, mainly in
Europe and in the United States, allow analysts
to be optimistic about the future of these
technologies.
Cloud Computing is hinting at a future in which
we won't compute on local computers, but on
centralized facilities operated by third-party
compute and storage utilities. We sure won't
miss the shrink-wrapped software to unwrap
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and install. Needless to say, this is not a new
idea. In fact, back in 1961, computing pioneer
John McCarthy predicted that "computation
may someday be organized as a public utility",
and went on to speculate how this might occur.
In the mid 1990s, the term Grid was coined to
describe technologies that would allow
consumers to obtain computing power on
demand. Ian Foster and others posited that by
standardizing the protocols used to request
computing power, we could spur the creation of
a Computing Grid, analogous in form and utility
to the electric power grid. Researches
subsequently developed these ideas in many
exciting ways, producing for example large-
scale federated systems (TeraGrid, Open
Science Grid, caBIG, EGEE, Earth System
Grid) that provide not just computing power,
but also data and software, on demand.
Standards organizations (e.g., OGF, OASIS)
defined relevant standards.
The legal perspective is pivotal in order to
assess the future of Cloud computing and of
their providers since the applicable legal
framework is not neutral in facilitating or
limiting that expansion of businesses and
innovations [1]. Legal aspects, in fact, can be
seen as forces that, often very subtly, deploy
their effects on markets and businesses, acting
as barriers or enablers. In the next pages some
selected legal forces will be taken into
consideration and their impact on some
research questions will be investigated. The first
question is if, and to what extent, the applicable
legal framework can stimulate the starting up
and growing of Cloud technology providers and
of Cloud-based service providers (e.s. SaaS,
RaaS, etc). Furthermore, the paper will
investigate whether or not such a legal
framework can stimulate companies and
individuals to become users of Cloud
technologies, to store their data in the Cloudinstead of traditional storing methods, to use
software as services from remote locations, etc.
History of computer science has had
fundamental changes. For example in first
generation of computers (from 1945 until 1956),
vacuum tube was used in computers. In 2nd
generation (from 1956 until 1963) by the
invention of transistors, these tiny devices were
used in computers. After that, integrated circuits
were used in 3rd
generation of computers (1963
to 1971). Finally in 4th
generation (since 1971
up to now), along with technology advancement,
Large Scale Integration (LSI) circuits, Very
Large Scale Integration (VLSI) and Ultra Large
Scale Integration (ULSI) were used in
computers. Nowadays new technology that is
named as Cloud Computing is creating a new
era in computer industry and processing power.
By reviewing the historical points, we can
understand that the idea of Cloud Computing
taken from this fact: When the current user or
users dont require the processing resources,
these resources can be assigned to other users.
Most simple definition of Cloud Computing is:
Access to enormous resources and processing
powers even, through cheap computers.
Considering the revolution in economy
of society:As said in previous sections, the applicable
legal framework, i.e. the Law, is not neutral instimulating or impeding that businesses using
new technologies, like Cloud computing, are
successful. The first aspect to analyse regards
the possibility for American companies to
successfully run businesses as technology
provider or as service provider. The former isthe entity that supplies Cloud resources, on top
of which it is possible to provide services,
developed and stored in the Cloud (i.e. using
those resources) and delivered to the clients
online. A company can act as technology
provider and service provider at the same time.
However it is imaginable that a certain amount
of smaller enterprises enter the market of
Cloud-based service providers, following the
few big international players that have already
made the first steps.The investments needed to start up a business as
service provider are undoubtedly lower than
those required to create, manage and update a
Cloud infrastructure. Actually in America the
majority of Clouds are basically owned by
academic institutions, where there exist
commercial Clouds. With this respect in some
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countries is called to fill this gap. However,
some legal forces, which will be analysed below,
render this task more cumbersome for American
companies that are willing to enter the market
of Cloud technology providers.
Factors are partially different for Cloud-based
service providers, where America plays a
notable role. However, this market is still
limited and also in this sense its development is
affected by the applicable legal framework. The
legal forces hereto analysed affect the chances
(for both technology and service providers) to
enter the market, the possibilities to be
successful by reducing the compliance costs,
and the risks to exit from the market.
Considering the software as a factor:Chances to enter a market are undoubtedly
linked to the protection that a company can
have for the innovations it develops [2].
Conversely, software delivered through a Cloud
infrastructure, typically based on the SaaS
paradigm (and the same applies for RaaS and
virtual hardware resources), are in principle (as
far as they are considered computer programs
as such) not patentable in some countries [2].The situation is different in the United States,
where software patentability is not a priori
excluded. This could allow one to say that
American software houses are in a more
competitive position in comparison with
European companies, thus they have better
opportunities to enter (and above all to survive
and make profits) the SaaS market.
Given the fact that software can be patentable in
the United States but not in some countries
means also that an American company can
compete in the other countries market but not
vice versa. More generally, it is extremely
cumbersome to state which one of the two
potential solutions (software patentability vs.
software unpatentability) is better. Both of them
have advantages and disadvantages: to the ends
of this paper it must be highlighted that software
unpatentability may stimulate software houses
to improve existing computer programs and to
deliver them as a service together with
additional functionalities. In this sense, access
to the market should be easier for small
enterprises that otherwise would not have many
chances. At the same time, lack of patent
protections may reduce the growth of companies
that are already in the market. In other words, a
definite solution cannot be reached, but
nevertheless it is important that the competent
political and jurisdictional authorities are
aware that software unpatentability is not the
only possible way and that it may be challenged.
Considering cost benefit aspect:Value Added Tax (VAT) is one of the most
relevant tools used by providers of electronic
services in order to offer better prices to their
customers. In business to business (B2B)
transactions, the place of taxation is the
customers Member State. To make an example,
if a German (or American) SaaS provider
supplies the software to a Belgian business,
Belgian VAT will be due.Things are different in business to consumer
(B2C) scenarios. In this case, if a company
provides Cloud-based services to a consumer,
the place of taxation will be the suppliersMember State. In practice this means that
suppliers of electronic services have the
incentive to open an establishment, from where
(to tax purposes) the services are provided to
consumers, in a country with a lower VAT rate,
in order to offer cheaper services [3]. This is
exactly what will happen as from 2015 when thereforms introduced by the VAT package of 2008
will enter into force. Pursuant to this package,
and more precisely, in fact, the place of taxation
in case of provision of electronic services to
consumers, at the rate of the customersMember State. The practical consequences for
businesses are that they have to consider the
place of establishment of every single consumer
and apply the corresponding VAT rate. This
poses, of course, practical problems, since there
are no methods to locate the establishment ofthe consumer with no margins for mistakes and,
from a different perspective, administrative
costs for e-providers will dramatically increase
[3].
Furthermore, for many customers that buy
online services provided by companies, the price
for these services will increase and this may
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potentially affect the willingness of these
consumers to shop on the Internet. In other
words, the countries lawmaker made a real
counter-reform aimed to make more difficult the
life for many providers of electronic services
and to increase their costs and burdens
(wherever they are established). This may have
of course a negative impact on existing and/or
future Cloud technology and service providers.
Hazardous aspects of this technology:All companies face risks with the potential
consequence not to be competitive any more and
to go out of the market. The same applies to
Cloud technology and service providers, which
may incur in bankruptcy proceedings if they are
not able to pay their creditors and to be
profitable. It would go beyond the scope of this
paper to analyse the bankruptcy proceedings
and comparative perspective. Nevertheless, itmust be said that these proceedings are usually
severe and they are aimed to protect creditors
more than to offer new possibilities to the
entrepreneurs and investors that failed in their
venture. The possibility to fail when entering
new and difficult markets is undoubtedly
relatively high and the fear to be bankrupted
may potentially prevent many people to start a
business (this applies especially to people
willing to start up a small company providing e-
services).Another risk for technology andservice providers is the possibility to be
sentenced to compensate the damages suffered
by customers if the services are not performed
as promised in the agreement with the client.
How to satisfy a user to migrate to cloud
platforms:In the previous sections it was assessed which
legal forces may directly act as barriers or
enablers to investors willing to start up
profitable Cloud-based businesses (technologyproviders and service providers). Special
attention has been paid to the topics of software
patentability, VAT treatment of the services
provided online and the risks linked to the
bankruptcy of the company. In other words, one
side of the market (that of the providers) has
been analysed from the legal point of view. It is
now pivotal to assess which juridical forces are
likely to affect the customers side, i.e. to whatextent the applicable legal framework limits or
enhances the adoption of Cloud technologies by
customers. Both businesses and consumers, in
fact, are expected to trust Cloud technology and
service providers and to renounce, to a variable
extent, to the direct control of their data, files,
information etc that are stored or processed in
the Cloud. If customers are reluctant to acceptthis fact the Cloud market does not have many
possibilities to take off and pave the way to the
abovementioned personal computer or servers
of the future. This issue regards computerscientists but also lawyers and policymakers
that have the pivotal role to found the trust of
customers towards providers on solid grounds.
In other words, the trust that clients currently
have towards Cloud providers is basically
market-driven, i.e. it is based on the reputation
of these suppliers and on the legitimate
expectation that they will respect their promises.
This means that special attention must be paid
to the contractual obligations of the providers:
basically they assure, typically in a Service
Level Agreement (hereinafter SLA), that a
certain level of availability and quality of
services (QoS) will be respected. At the same
time, they will tend to protect themselves
limiting as much as possible their liabilities and
the possibilities for the customer to ask for
compensation if the obligations of the provider
are not respected or, in a worse scenario, if the
data stored and/or processed by the supplier get
lost or corrupted due to security failures.
The situation as defined pursuant to the
applicable legal framework can be summarised
as follows. First of all, it is necessary to
separate two categories of customers:
consumers and businesses. The former are all
those that operate outside their trade or
profession for purely personal purposes:
The SLA (or other contract that regulates theprovision of Cloud services) shall be
regulated by the law of the country where the
consumer has his habitual residence if,
basically, the provider addresses this country
through his website/portal. Furthermore, the
parties can state that another law will govern
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the contract, but consumer protection rules
of the country of residence of the consumer
apply. Pursuant to other applicable legal
sources the provisions in the agreement that
are too unbalanced in favour of the provider
are invalid.
The consumer can sue the provider in thecourt of his country of domicile or of thecountry where the provider is domiciled
(basically where the supplier has his
headquarter or principal place of business);
at the same time the consumer can be sued
only in the courts of the state where the
consumer himself is domiciled. These rules
are of strict applicability and basically
cannot be derogated by the parties, unless in
some specific cases.
As regards B2B transactions, things are
dramatically different, so that the provider can
limit his contractual liability and it can be
agreed that the competent court will be that of
the place where the supplier is domiciled. In
practice this means that very often the customer
will not be able to get any compensation for the
damages he suffered from the infringement of
the contractual obligations of the Cloud
provider, also in case of security failures.
Precisely for these reasons many businesses are
extremely reluctant to store data and
information in the Cloud, and the same applies
for services that are provided from remote
locations and that require that these data and
information are processed in the Cloud.Honestly, from the legal point of view, it is not
possible to say that these companies that prefer
to act in traditional ways and to keep their
data under their direct control are completely
wrong and irrational. The risk may be more or
less low, but the problematic issue is that there
is no legal protection in case of problems,
security failures, etc. It is therefore highly
advisable that the country lawmaker takes into
consideration this issue and analyses whether or
not it is fair that businesses do not have
adequate protection when dealing with
technology and service providers. This point is
even more urgent if one considers that very
often the customer does not negotiate the
content of the SLA he enters into, since this
agreement is basically drafted unilaterally by
the provider.
Conclusion:The experience and research shows very clearly
that Cloud computing are very promising and
that they are potential tools to transform all the
community software and hardware market. The
era of applications, resources, computing
capacity, etc. supplied as a service from remote
locations in a flexible and scalable way is
definitely open [1]. Its further development
depends also on some legal factors that may
impede that this process continues and that
country technology and service providers play a
pivotal role at global level. In lights of the
considerations expressed above, we can say that
it is probably the time to rethink and reshape the
notions of software patentability without
ideological influences. At the same time, it isadvisable that the country lawmaker amends the
VAT regime applicable to B2C provisions of e-
services and that the criterion that the place of
taxation is the suppliers Member State is
preferred and re-adopted. As regards risks
faced by the Cloud providers, it was assessed
that the applicable legal framework should free
potential entrepreneurs from the fear to be
bankrupted, in other words it is necessary to
harmonise protection of creditors with creation
of new companies, i.e. with innovation and morejobs. Cloud computing is a rapidly developing
information technology that has aroused the
concern of the whole world. Cloud computing is
an Internet-based application platform, which
provides enterprises with shared resources
including hardware, software, data storage, and
customizable business applications on demand.
Cloud computing technology provides a new
way to construct banks' information system.Cloud Computing is a generic term for
delivering hosted services over the Internet. Itfollows a pay-as-you-go approach. Cloud
Computing offers numerous benefits for the
enterprises, however, there are also many issues,
as with any new paradigm or technology. One of
the main issues relate to the security and
confidentiality of customer data in terms of its
location, relocation, availability and security.
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Cloud computing is a new internet-based
supercomputing principle and practice, which
supplies dynamic, scalable, and pay-per-use
services and has huge computing and storage
capacity with high reliability and security.
Furthermore, creating trust which is based on
solid legal grounds is absolutely important. This
may happen through both traditional legal ways
(amendment of existing legislation aimed to
improve the level of protection for customers in
B2B transactions) or through so-called
instruments of soft law or best practices. Inparticular, a good idea would be that of
creating a label for technology and service
providers that use fair contractual provisions in
their SLAs, so that companies can easily
recognize the trustable suppliers. This would
also stimulate a race to the top by all players in
the market in order to keep or increase their
market share. An independent authority should
be in charge of analyzing which providers
deserve this label and the task of public
institutions would be that of implementing,
promoting and disseminating the system and the
corresponding good practices.
References[1] David C. Wyld; the cloudy future of
government IT: cloud computing and the public
sector around the world, IJWesT, Vol. 1, Num. 1,
Jan. 2010.[2] Jean-Daniel Cryans, Alain April, Alain Abran;
criteria to compare cloud computing with currentdatabase technology, R. Dumke et al. (Eds.): IWSM /
MetriKon / Mensura 2008, LNCS 5338, pp. 114-126,
2008.
[3] Anil Madhavapeddy, Richard Mortier, Jon
Crowcroft, Steven Hand; multiscale not multicore:
efficient heterogeneous cloud computing, publishedby the British Informatics Society Ltd. Proceedings
of ACM-BCS Visions of Computer Science 2010.
[4] Harold C. Lim, Shivnath Babu, Jeffrey S. Chase,
Sujay S. Parekh; automated control in cloudcomputing: challenges and opportunities,
ACDC09, June 19, Barcelona, Spain.[5] Daniel Nurmi, Rich Wolski, Chris Grzegorczyk,
Graziano Obertelli, Sunil Soman, Lamia Youseff,
Dmitrii Zagorodnov; the eucalyptus open-source
cloud computing system.
Biographies:
Mohammad Abedi: received his
B.Sc. degree in Computer
Engineering (with Software
tendency) from University of
Mashhad in 2005. His research
areas are Cloud Computing, Design andImplementation of Distributed networks. Now he
is master student in Iran University of Science
and Technology (IUST); Tehran, Iran. His e-
mail address is:
Mehdi Darbandi: received his B.Sc.
degree in Electrical Engineering
from University of Mashhad in
2012. His research areas are
Kalman Filter, Matlab Simulink,Evolutionary Algorithms, and Cloud Computing.
Now he is master student in Iran University of
Science and Technology (IUST); Tehran, Iran.
His e-mail address is:
Jalal Nakhaei: is currently PhD.
Student in Art and Architecture
Engineering in Science and Research
Branch Islamic Azad University;Tehran, Iran. His research areas are
Information Technology (IT), Secure Spaces, and
Structures. His e-mail address is:
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mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]