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CNS systemPart II
•Forebrain•Midbrain•Hidbrain
Picture from http://hopes.stanford.edu/basics/braintut/ab3.html
Designed by Pyeongsug Kim ©2010 [email protected]
Supplemental instruction
Developmental categorization of CNS system.
-Forebrain ~ telencephalon ~ forming hemispheres of cerebrum.
diencephalon ~ -Midbrain ~ does not subdivide.-Hindbrain ~ metencephalon ~ pons, cerebellum
myelencephalon ~ Medulla oblongata, RAS
Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com
____________-Regulate sensory info and motor response.-Basal nuclei in deep region.
ForebrainForebrain-comprised of cerebrum and diencephalon-Involved in emotion, learning and memory
CerebrumCerebrum
____________-Thalamus/epithalamus-Hypothalamus-Pituitary gland
Diencephalon
Picture from http://www.stanford.edu/group/hopes/sttools/figureid.html Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com
Diencephalon Diencephalon (in forebrain)(in forebrain)
-Thalamus/epithalamus(pineal gland)
-Hypothalamus-Pituitary gland
Picture from http://www.stanford.edu/group/hopes/sttools/figureid.html
_________- relay center to cerebrum all sensory information except smell
__________- includes pineal gland which secrets melatonin.
Thalamus
epithalamus
_____________- integrates nervous and endocrine systems- Regulates anterior and posterior pituitary glands.- Hunger and thirst, body temperature, emotions-coordinate autonomic and endocrine responses.
Hypothalamus
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SCN (suprachiasmatic nucleus)SCN (suprachiasmatic nucleus)-regulate ______________(biological clock)-Adjusted daily by light from eyes.-Controls pineal gland secretion of __________ to regulate circadian rhythms
Circadian rhythms
melatonin
*Melatonin is involved in aligning physiology with sleep/wake cycle and seasons. -Secreted at night -Inhibited by light
Pineal glandPineal gland
Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com
________ -relay center to cerebrum all sensory information except smell alertness.-Role in level of arousal.
Thalamus
Hypothalalmus
Choose Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus
___________ -contains choroid plexus and pineal gland. ____________ secretes CSF. ____________ secretes melatonin
*Melatonin: involved in sleep cycle and seasonal reproduction.
Epithalamus
choroid plexuspineal gland
____________ -integrates nervous and endocrine systems(hormone).-contains neural centers for hunger, thirst, body temperature.
Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com
______________ - involved in visual reflexes
______________- relay auditory information
_______________________- involved in motor coordination
MidbrainMidbrain-visual and auditory reflexes-connects with cerebrum and cerebellum; motor reflexes- Superior colliculi, Inferior colliculi, Red nucleus , substantia nigra
Superior colliculi
Inferior colliculiRed nucleus and substantia nigra
Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com
-Neural pathways in the brain which transmit the neurotransmitter __________.-Motor coordination
Dopaminergic pathwaysDopaminergic pathways
dopamine
•Mesolimbic dopamine pathway - involved in reward and drug addiction. - Abused drugs cause dopamine release from the nucleus accumbens.
*heroin and morphine- production cocaine and amphetamines- inhibit reuptake
Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com
Dopamine neurons in ______________ degenerate in Parkinson’s
disease.
Substantia nigra
•Nigrostiatal dopamine pathway - Motor control pathway
Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com
A
BC
Hindbrain
Contains______, _________,and _______
A: B:
C:
pons Medullar oblongata
Celebellum
__________ motor coordination; motor learning;
trained voluntary activity
__________ ataxia caused by damage to this area.
pons cerebellum medulla
cerebellum
cerebellum
__________ Includes two important respiratory control centerspons
________________ several crucial centers for breathing and
cardiovascular systems.
Medullar oblongata
Ataxia: Loss of the ability to coordinate muscular movement.
Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com
___________________________ - an ascending arousal system. - composed of several neuronal circuits connecting the brainstem to the cortex. * Textbook says “…originates in groups of neurons in the pons, midbrain reticular formation, hypothalamus and basal forebrain.”
- promotes wakefulnesswakefulness, but inhibits sleep. - Regulating Sleep-Wake Transitions
Reticular Activating System (RAS)Reticular Activating System (RAS)
-Stimulation in RAS causes wakefulness.-Damage to RAS causes coma.
Hindbrain
Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com
Disorder in RASDisorder in RAS-Loss of general sense of consciousness or wakefulness.-result in alterations of sleep-wake cycles and disturbances in arousal.-Narcolepsy:excessive daytime sleepiness-Coma
* Be careful! RAS ~ Promotes wakefulness and inhibits sleep at the day time! Melatonin in pineal gland ~ Promotes sleep at the night!
Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com