12
CNS system Part II Forebrain Midbrain Hidbrain Picture from http://hopes.stanford.edu/basics/braintut/ab3.htm Designed by Pyeongsug Kim ©2010 [email protected] upplemental instruction

CNS system Part II Forebrain Midbrain Hidbrain Picture from //hopes.stanford.edu/basics/braintut/ab3.html

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

CNS systemPart II

•Forebrain•Midbrain•Hidbrain

Picture from http://hopes.stanford.edu/basics/braintut/ab3.html

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim ©2010 [email protected]

Supplemental instruction

Developmental categorization of CNS system.

-Forebrain ~ telencephalon ~ forming hemispheres of cerebrum.

diencephalon ~ -Midbrain ~ does not subdivide.-Hindbrain ~ metencephalon ~ pons, cerebellum

myelencephalon ~ Medulla oblongata, RAS

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com

____________-Regulate sensory info and motor response.-Basal nuclei in deep region.

ForebrainForebrain-comprised of cerebrum and diencephalon-Involved in emotion, learning and memory

CerebrumCerebrum

____________-Thalamus/epithalamus-Hypothalamus-Pituitary gland

Diencephalon

Picture from http://www.stanford.edu/group/hopes/sttools/figureid.html Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com

Diencephalon Diencephalon (in forebrain)(in forebrain)

-Thalamus/epithalamus(pineal gland)

-Hypothalamus-Pituitary gland

Picture from http://www.stanford.edu/group/hopes/sttools/figureid.html

_________- relay center to cerebrum all sensory information except smell

__________- includes pineal gland which secrets melatonin.

Thalamus

epithalamus

_____________- integrates nervous and endocrine systems- Regulates anterior and posterior pituitary glands.- Hunger and thirst, body temperature, emotions-coordinate autonomic and endocrine responses.

Hypothalamus

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com

SCN (suprachiasmatic nucleus)SCN (suprachiasmatic nucleus)-regulate ______________(biological clock)-Adjusted daily by light from eyes.-Controls pineal gland secretion of __________ to regulate circadian rhythms

Circadian rhythms

melatonin

*Melatonin is involved in aligning physiology with sleep/wake cycle and seasons. -Secreted at night -Inhibited by light

Pineal glandPineal gland

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com

________ -relay center to cerebrum all sensory information except smell alertness.-Role in level of arousal.

Thalamus

Hypothalalmus

Choose Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus

___________ -contains choroid plexus and pineal gland. ____________ secretes CSF. ____________ secretes melatonin

*Melatonin: involved in sleep cycle and seasonal reproduction.

Epithalamus

choroid plexuspineal gland

____________ -integrates nervous and endocrine systems(hormone).-contains neural centers for hunger, thirst, body temperature.

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com

______________ - involved in visual reflexes

______________- relay auditory information

_______________________- involved in motor coordination

MidbrainMidbrain-visual and auditory reflexes-connects with cerebrum and cerebellum; motor reflexes- Superior colliculi, Inferior colliculi, Red nucleus , substantia nigra

Superior colliculi

Inferior colliculiRed nucleus and substantia nigra

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com

-Neural pathways in the brain which transmit the neurotransmitter __________.-Motor coordination

Dopaminergic pathwaysDopaminergic pathways

dopamine

•Mesolimbic dopamine pathway - involved in reward and drug addiction. - Abused drugs cause dopamine release from the nucleus accumbens.

*heroin and morphine- production cocaine and amphetamines- inhibit reuptake

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com

Dopamine neurons in ______________ degenerate in Parkinson’s

disease.

Substantia nigra

•Nigrostiatal dopamine pathway - Motor control pathway

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com

A

BC

Hindbrain

Contains______, _________,and _______

A: B:

C:

pons Medullar oblongata

Celebellum

__________ motor coordination; motor learning;

trained voluntary activity

__________ ataxia caused by damage to this area.

pons cerebellum medulla

cerebellum

cerebellum

__________ Includes two important respiratory control centerspons

________________ several crucial centers for breathing and

cardiovascular systems.

Medullar oblongata

Ataxia: Loss of the ability to coordinate muscular movement.

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com

___________________________ - an ascending arousal system. - composed of several neuronal circuits connecting the brainstem to the cortex. * Textbook says “…originates in groups of neurons in the pons, midbrain reticular formation, hypothalamus and basal forebrain.”

- promotes wakefulnesswakefulness, but inhibits sleep. - Regulating Sleep-Wake Transitions

Reticular Activating System (RAS)Reticular Activating System (RAS)

-Stimulation in RAS causes wakefulness.-Damage to RAS causes coma.

Hindbrain

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com

Disorder in RASDisorder in RAS-Loss of general sense of consciousness or wakefulness.-result in alterations of sleep-wake cycles and disturbances in arousal.-Narcolepsy:excessive daytime sleepiness-Coma

* Be careful! RAS ~ Promotes wakefulness and inhibits sleep at the day time! Melatonin in pineal gland ~ Promotes sleep at the night!

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com