CO2 Capture System with Chilled Ammonia: Pilot to Demonstration to Commercial Scale

Robert Hilton June 5, 2012

RECS 2012

CO2 Capture System With Chilled Ammonia: Pilot to

Demonstration to Commercial

© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Equipment & services for power generation Alstom Thermal Power

Equipment & services for rail transport Alstom Transport

Three main activities in 4 sectors*

Equipment & services for power transmission Alstom Grid Alstom Renewable Power

* Organisation as of 4 July 2011 Alstom – CO2 Capture Systems - P 2


Some key numbers

Transport 5.6 €bn

Thermal Power 9.7 €bn

Grid 3.6 €bn

Renewable Power 2 €bn

17%

10%

27%

46%

92,500 employees in 100 countries

Total sales 2010/11: €20.9 billion

Alstom – CO2 Capture Systems - P 3



Agenda

Introduction to CO2 emissions

CO2 Capture within Alstom

Conclusion


CO2 Réductio

n

CO2 emissions Scénarios

Global CO2 emissions due to fossil (all sectors, coal, gas, oil) GtCO2

* Source: WEO/IEA 2011

Présentation CSC - IEEE-PES- 12 avril 2012 - P 5

Outstanding effort needed to reach 450 ppm objective +2°C The door is closing !


1990 2009 2035

Global Fossil related CO2 emissions

21 GtCO2

29 GtCO2

43 GtCO2

36 % 41 % 46 %

Other sectors

Power Generation

Evolution of global CO2 emissions


* Source: IEA 2011 - Current Policies Scenario

2035: Power Generation remains the main contributor of CO2 emissions


Developing countries represent 100% of incremental CO2 emissions

Power sector – Annual CO2 emissions

12

20 GtCO2

Oil Gas

Coal

India

China

Europe

RoW

NAM

2009 2035

20

15

10

5

0

By fuel By region

12

20

2009 2035

20

15

10

5

0

Evolution of Power CO2 emissions


* Source: IEA 2011 - Current Policies Scenario


CCS is essential for Power generation

Power generation CO2 Emissions

12 CCS pilots 5 large-scale

demo in development

CCS on gas and coal power generation is essential to massively reduce CO2 emissions from fossil plants complementary to REN &

NUC technologies

Source : Alstom analysis from IEA WEO 2011

0

5

10

15

20

25

Gt/y

1990 2035 Current Policies

path +6°C

2035 New Policies path +3,5°C

2035 450 ppm

Needed path +2°C

Includes CCS 75 GWe

Includes CCS 540 GWe



Clean coal and gas solutions

CCS also apply to the installed base

Source: Vattenfall

Pre-combustion (New only)

Power Plant with CO2 capture

Post-combustion Oxy-combustion (New + retrofit) (New + retrofit)




Agenda



Conclusion


Technologies developed by Alstom

CO2 capture technologies pursued by Alstom

Post-combustion Oxy-combustion (New + retrofit) (New + retrofit)

•  Advanced Amines

•  Chilled Ammonia

•  Oxy combustion with Air Separation Unit

•  Chemical Looping Combustion (2nd generation)



CO2 capture and storage Projects and partnerships

tCO2 captured


Oxy-combustio

n

Schwarze Pumpe (Germany)–Lignite 70’000 t/y

Tests complete Operating

Lacq (France) – Gas 60’000 t/y

30 MWth

30 MWth

Alstom Windsor (US) – Coals Eq +/-30’000 t/y 15 MWth UK oxy CCS demo (UK)- Coal –

Application NER300 2’000’000 t/y 426 MWe

Chemical Looping (Germany)-Coal 2’000 t/y eq. 1 MWth Chemical Looping(USA) - Coal 6’000 t/y eq. 3 MWth 2nd Gen

Daqing (China)– Lignite Feasibility study signed >1’000’000 t/y 350 MWe

Mountainer (US)–Coal–Chilled Ammonia 100’000 t/y

Pilot West Virginia (US) – coal Joint development programme – Adv. Amines

Post-combustio

n Mongstad (Norway) – Gas – Chilled Ammonia 80’000 t/y

Pleasant Prairie (US) – coal Chilled Ammonia 15’000 t/y

Karlshamm (Sweden) – Fuel/Gas Chilled Ammonia 15’000 t/y

Le Havre (France)–Coal– Adv. Amines

1’800 t/y

8’000 t/y

Belchatow (Poland) – Lignite Adv. amines - FEED complete – Application NER 300 >1’800’000 t/y

58 MWth

40 MWth

5 MWth

5 MWth

2 MWth

5 MWth

260 MWe

Getica-Turceni (Romania) – Lignite Chilled Ammonia-feasibility study– Application NER 300 >1’500’000 t/y 250 MWe

Dongying (China) – Coal - MoU signed >1’000’000 t/y 350 MWe

Under construction

Alstom labs Växjö (Sweden) – multi-purp. 400 t/y eq. 0.25 MWth


Principle •  Ammonium carbonate solution reacts with

CO2 of cooled flue gas to form ammonium bicarbonate

•  Raising the temperature reverses this reaction, pressurized CO2 is released, the solution is recycled

Chilled Ammonia Process Technology Overview

Advantages

•  High CO2 purity •  Tolerant to oxygen and flue gas

impurities •  Stable reagent, no degradation nor

emission of trace contaminants •  Low-cost, globally available reagent

A promising new technology Alstom – CO2 Capture Systems - P 13


Chilled Ammonia Process Overview

Cooling & Cleaning CO2 Absorption CO2 Regeneration


Roadmap to scale-up promising Chilled Ammonia!

Test Rigs Validation Pilots

Commercial Industrial Pilots

Large-scale demonstration

Alstom Vaxjö Sweden 0.25 MWth

We Energies Pleasant Prairie USA - 5 MWth, Coal EoN Karlshamn

Sweden - 5 MWth, Oil

AEP Mountaineer USA - 58 MWth, Coal

TCM Mongstad Norway - 40 MWth, Gas

Getica Turceni Feasability Romania - >250 Mwe net, Lignite

2015 2006 2008 2009

Tests successful

Tests completed Targeted In operation In construction

Chilled Ammonia Process Update on Alstom roadmap

Datang - Dongying (Post AAP or CAP) China - 350 MWe eq. , coal - MOU



Chilled Ammonia Process Field Pilot – Pleasant Prairie

Pleasant Prairie - Field Pilot – USA WI

We Energies • Operational June 2008 – Oct 2009 • 7700+ hours of operation on flue gas from PRB Coal through completion of program in Oct 2009 • Proof of Concept technology validation:

− 90% CO2 capture efficiency − NH3 slip from DCC2 (~5 ppm) − 99+% CO2 purity; >10 ppm NH3;

>2,000 ppm H2O − Functional unit operations − Confirmation of process design tools − Confirmation of equipment design

methods CO2 Field Pilot at Pleasant

Prairie Alstom – CO2 Capture Systems - P 16


Chilled Ammonia Process Field Pilot - Karlshamn

Karlshamn - Field Pilot - Sweden - E.ON

•  Designed to capture over 1,600 kg CO2/hr (~15,000 tonnes/yr at full capacity)

•  Operational Apr 2009 •  Test phase completed in 2010 •  Flue gases from sulfur fuel oil and

from gas combustion tested

•  Located less than 60 miles (90 km) from Alstom’s Global Technology Center in Vaxjo

•  Proof of Concept technology validation: -  90% CO2 capture efficiency -  NH3 slip from DCC2 (~5 ppm) -  99+% CO2 purity; <10 ppm NH3 -  Functional unit operations -  HP Stripper operation affirmed

CAP Field Pilot

Karlshamn Power Plant (Sweden)



Mountaineer - Validation coal pilot - USA WV- AEP

•  Designed to capture & store 100,000 tCO2/year

•  Commenced engineering and permitting Oct07

•  First CO2 captured in Sept 09,

•  Captured CO2 sequestered into through two wells on the plant property, first injection started 1st of October 2009

•  Alstom responsible for CAP island (others by AEP)

•  Test completed:

− Approx 52000 tons of CO2 captured

− Approx 37000 tons of CO2 stored

− CO2 product quality : 99.94%

− Capture rate: 90% validated

− Low ammonia emissions observed

Chilled Ammonia Process Validation Pilot - AEP Mountaineer

Alstom’s Chilled Ammonia Process at AEP’s PP Tests completed - Technology validated – Ready for scale-up



Chilled Ammonia Process Validation Pilot – Mongstad Norway

•  European CO2 Technology Centre

Mongstad (TCM)

•  Flue gases from natural gas CHP plant and

a catalytic cracker (refinery)

•  Designed to capture 80 000 tons CO2/year

•  Cold commissioning initiated on some

systems that are mechanically complete

•  Plant commissioning 1st quarter 2012

CCS technology validation on gas Alstom – CO2 Capture Systems - P 19


Chilled Ammonia Process Demonstration project at Turceni

Romanian CCS Demonstration Project

• Integrated CCS demo: 1.5 Mtpa CO2 –  Capture: 85% minimum capture –  Transport: onshore pipeline –  Storage: deep saline aquifers (>800m) within

a radius of 50 km • Developers-Operators:

–  Capture: Turceni Energy Complex –  Transport: Transgaz –  Storage: Romgaz

• Technical Consortium: –  Project Management and Technical &

Financial Consultant: ISPE (Institute for Studies and Power Engineering)

–  Capture Plant: Alstom –  Storage: GeoEcoMar, Schlumberger

• Alstom feasibility study completed • Candidate for NER 300 funding

Turceni Power Plant 4x330 MW



What we have achieved

Pilot operation confirm CO2 capture works and performances will improve

We Energies Pleasant Prairie USA - Coal - Chilled Ammonia

Vattenfall Schwarze Pumpe Germany - Lignite & Bit. Coal - Oxy

Dow Chemical Co. Charleston USA - Coal - Advanced Amines

CO2 capture rate

CO2 purity

Reached

>99.7%

>99.9%

>99.5% 90%

90%

90%

Parasitic load [%] on net efficiency

Pilot phase Demo phase Commercial phase

Thermodynamic theoretical limit: assuming ideal separation and compression processes*

Realistic limit

*Theoretical limit assumes ideal separation and compression processes (110bar): isentropic, no losses

AEP Mountaineer USA - Coal - Chilled Ammonia

>99% 90%

15

20

25

10


Tests complete

Vattenfall Schwarze-

Pumpe Germany- 30 MWth Oxy -

Lignite

Dow Chemical Co. US -2 MWth

Adv. Amines - coal

Datang- China Oxy 350 MWe lignite,

Post 350 MWe eq. coal Alstom BSF

Windsor US - 15 MWth Oxy - coals

Getica - CET Turceni Roumania – >250MWe

Chilled ammonia - Lignite

PGE Belchatow Poland – 260 MWe

Adv. Amines - Lignite

DOE/Alstom Windsor

US – 3 MWth Chemical looping

- coal

2nd Gen

NER300

NER300

Selected for receiving EEPR funding

NER300: Applied for EU ETS New Entrant Reserve funding

EoN Karlshamn Sweden - 5 MWth

Chilled Ammonia–Fuel oil

WE – Energie US - 5 MWth

Chilled Ammonia, Coal

AEP Mountaineer US - 58 MWth

Chilled Ammonia, coal

Total Lacq France - 30 MWth

Oxy - Gas

Operating

Alstom Labs Växjö Sweden – 0.25 MWth

Post C. – multi purpose

Large-scale projects-under development

White Rose CCS Project UK - 426 MWe

Oxy – coal

NER300

Under construction

TCM Mongstad Norway - 40 MWth

Chilled Ammonia - Gas

EDF – Le Havre France – 5 MWth

Adv. Amines - Coal

Alstom activity on demonstration 1st and 2nd Generation CCS

RFCS EU -Darmstadt Germany –1 MWth Chemical looping -

coal

2 Gen


Reaching demonstration

Support is essential


Potential Large Scale CCS Projects Opportunity in China

Datang Daqing 350 MWe Project •  Full size Oxy-combustion CO2 capture (~1MtCO2/yr) •  Cogeneration of Heat and Power based on Super Critical boiler using lignite •  Location: Daqing, Heilongjiang province •  EOR and CO2 storage: adjacent to PetroChina’s Daqing oil field for EOR,

near to Songliao basin for geological sequestration

Datang Dongying 350 MWe Project •  Partial flue gas stream slip to Post-combustion CO2 capture (~1MtCO2/yr) •  Ultra Super Critical boiler using bituminous or sub-bituminous coal •  Location: Dongying, Shangdong province •  EOR: very near to Sinopec’s Shengli oil field for EOR

MOU Datang-Alstom signed in Sept 2011 to develop projects Alstom – CO2 Capture Systems - P 23


CCS roadmap: time-to market

First CCS commercial plants before 2020 Market and technology development require large-scale demos

now ! Alstom – CO2 Capture Systems - P 24


6 58 6

0

5 0

1 0 0

1 5 0

2 0 0

2 5 0

3 0 0

H a rd C o a lw ith C C S

2 0 1 5

G a s C Cw ith C C S

2 0 1 5

N u c le a r H y d ro G e o -th e rm a l

W in dO n s h o re

W in dO ffs h o re

S o la rT h e rm a l

S o la r P V0

5 0

1 0 0

1 5 0

2 0 0

2 5 0

3 0 0

€ / MWh CoE Low Carbon technologies over 2011-2016 period (New PP)

Reference case

Under realistic assumptions and with a conservative variation range, CCS is already competitive on coal and gas from 2015

CCS competitiveness against other low carbon alternatives in Europe in 2015

Source : Alstom analysis 2011. CCS Post amine 2015 costs, including on shore T&S and CO2 price (Flue Gas Recirculation case for CCS Gas CC) - Cost for firming intermittent Power Generation not accounted

EUR



Agenda



Conclusion


Conclusion

Alstom: a key partner in CCS!

•  Fossil Plants will still remain for several decades

• Reducing CO2 emissions from these plants is an absolute need to limit global warming to 2 °C (the current path leads to 6°C !)

• CCS is the only alternative to do it. It is competitive and affordable on both gas and coal

• Alstom is currently developing CO2 capture technologies and is on the good path to commercialise the technology by 2016-17


•  Large scale demonstrators must happen now to validate the technology on time

• Policy instruments are needed to support demonstration and early commercial phases (ex: FITs...)

• Retrofitable CCS technologies and CCS-Ready are also a must to reach CO2 target

www.alstom.com


Advanced Amine Process Technology Overview

Advantages

•  Proven in natural gas & syngas purification

•  CO2 capture from flue gas is a new application

•  More efficient capture of CO2 and less solvent degradation than MEA

•  Higher tolerance against oxygen & trace contaminants

Source: Alstom

Principle

•  An amine based solvent reacts with the CO2 in the flue gas

•  Raising the temperature reverses this reaction, the CO2 is released and the solvent recycled

Joint Development A strong team to develop a new application



Pilot Commercial Industrial / Validation Large-scale demonstration

University of Texas USA

2007 2009 2011

Advanced Amine Process Update on Alstom roadmap

Dow Chemical Co. USA - 2MWth, Coal

EdF Le Havre France - 5 MWth, Coal

PGE Belchatow Poland - 260 MWe net, Lignite

Tests completed Targeted In operation In construction

2014-2015

Moving forward to scale-up the technology Alstom – CO2 Capture Systems - P 30


J.J. Pickle Energy Research Center

Advanced Amine Process Pilot - University of Texas

University of Texas Test Program

•  Designed to capture over 5 tonnes CO2/day –  Gas flow 500 SCFM –  Synthetic Flue Gas

Project Schedule

•  Phase I Testing Completed Dec 2007 –  Initial Solvent Validation

•  Phase II Testing Completed Nov. 3, 2008 –  Packing Studies

•  Phase III Testing Completed Nov. 17, 2008 –  Process Simulator Validation



Charleston - field pilot - USA WV - Dow

•  Designed to capture 1,800 t CO2/year

•  Installation on commercially operating coal-fired boiler

•  Project schedule

- Commissioning in August 09

- Testing started in September 09

- Conversion to advanced configuration in early 2010 to test proprietary process flow scheme jointly developed by Dow and Alstom

Advanced Amine Field Pilot Charleston, West Virginia

Advanced Amine Process Field Pilot - Charleston



Advanced Amine Process Field Pilot - Le Havre

C2A2 - field pilot - Le Havre - France

•  Designed to capture 25 t CO2/ day, 90% CO2 capture

•  Advanced flow scheme & operation validation

•  Flue gas: slipstream from 600 MWe coal plant (EdF host facility)

•  French funding by ADEME •  Project schedule

-  Overall 2010-2013 program -  Test from Q3 12 to Q2 13 (1

year) Alstom – CO2 Capture Systems - P 33

EdF Le Havre coal power plant (field pilot represented in

orange)


Advanced Amine Process Large scale demonstration - Belchatow

Belchatow - Large scale - Poland - PGE

•  MOU Alstom - PGE Elektrownia Belchatow

•  Large-scale CCS demonstration facility 260 MWe net

•  Host facility 850 MW lignite unit (built by Alstom)

•  1.8 Mt CO2 to be captured and stored per year

•  Selected for EERP funding, preselected for NER300

•  Project schedule: – Engineering for permitting completed – 2012: Finalizing Contract – Target for operation 2015

Belchatow Power Plant Reaching large scale demonstration phase



Oxy-Combustion Process Technology Overview

A sound technological option !

Advantages •  Reliability •  Adaptable to all boiler types and fuels •  Rapid scale-up to 1,000 Mwe range •  Retrofit in Oxy can be addressed •  Higher efficiency with supercritical/

ultra-supercritical cycles

Principle •  Fuel is burned in a mixture of oxygen and re-circulated flue-gas. Due to the absence

of Nitrogen, the resulting flue gas is enriched in CO2 •  After water condensing and further purification, CO2 is compressed and send to

storage



Moving forward to scale-up the technology

Oxy-Combustion Process Update on Alstom roadmap


Coming

Commercial

2017/18

White Rose 426 MWe g - Selby (UK)

90’s R&D and Lab

scale Large –scale

demonstration

In operation

Alstom BSF USA - 15 MWth,

Vattenfall Schwarze Pumpe Germany - 30 MWth,

Total Lacq France - 30 MWth,

GPU mobile pilot

Pilots

2008 2012

Daqing 350 MWe g Datang (China)


(source: Vattenfall) Schwarze Pumpe Pilot

Oxy-Combustion Process Vattenfall Schwarze Pumpe – 30 MWth pilot

Experience makes success possible

Boiler

FGC CO2 Compression

Air Separation Unit

CO2 Purification

Control Room

FGD

ESP

Boiler

FGC CO2 Compression

Air Separation Unit

CO2 Purification

Control Room

FGD

ESP

Objective •  Demonstration of the technology path

at pilot scale

Alstom-Scope •  Oxy-boiler, ESP and other

components •  Technology Partnership with

Vattenfall

Status of Operation •  Start of operation: Sept 2008 •  Test with Alstom Burners completed



Main features •  Retrofit to oxy-combustion of a 30 MWth

existing boiler (natural gas) •  Located in SW of France •  Oxy-combustion process started Jul 09 •  End test expected end 2012 (18 mths

extension of the original programme) •  Approx 120,000 t CO2 to be stored in a

depleted gas field •  ALSTOM scope : Boiler retrofit 30 MWt retrofitted Boiler – Lacq,

France

(source: Total)

First fully integrated CCS with pipeline transportation & storage

Oxy-Combustion Process TOTAL Lacq - 30 MWth Pilot



Main features •  Located at the Alstom Power Plant

Laboratory (PPL) in Windsor, CT, USA •  15 MWth oxy-fuel boiler simulation facility

(BSF), multi-burner arrangement (tangential firing system)

•  15 MWth oxy-fuel industrial scale single burner test facility (ISBF)

•  Bituminous coals and lignites •  Modification of the existing BSF and ISBF

test facilities with support from the US Department of Energy (DOE)

•  Started testing in Sept. 09 •  Oxygen supply via tanks •  Wet and dry flue gas recycle options

Boiler Simulation Facility (BSF)

Oxy-Combustion Process Alstom Windsor – 15 MW Pilot



Oxy-Combustion Process The White Rose CCS project in the UK

Largest Oxyfuel CCS Demo

•  A new modern ultra-supercritical 426MWe Gross Oxy-fuel Power Plant

•  Clean power generation with the entire flue gas treated to capture 2 Million t/y CO2

•  Biomass co-firing leading to zero (or negative!) CO2 emissions

•  Associated with National Grid’s (NG) regional CO2 transport & offshore storage network

•  Project development activities on-going

•  NER funding application under EC evaluation.

•  UK Demo funding application planned Alstom – CO2 Capture Systems - P 40

Location: Drax Power Station, North Yorkshire, UK

ALSTOM DRAX

Project Promoters

NATIONAL GRID

Oxy-fuel Power Plant CO2

Transportation & Storage

BOC-Linde

Documents

CO2 Capture System with Chilled Ammonia: Pilot to Demonstration to Commercial Scale