Coal availability in the Hilight quadrangle, Powder River Basin ...stone Coal Industry Manual, 1997, p. 730). All the coal mines in the Powder River Basin are surface mines. The Wyoming

Coal availability in the Hilight quadrangle,Powder River Basin, Wyoming:

a prototype study in a western coal field

By

Carol L. Molnia, Laura R. H. Biewick, and Dorsey BlakeU.S. Geological Survey

MS 939, Box 25046Denver Federal Center

Denver, Colorado 80225-0046

Susan J. Tewalt and M. Devereux CarterU.S. Geological SurveyMS 956, National CenterReston, Virginia 20192

Charlie GaskillBureau of Land Management

1701 East E StreetCasper, Wyoming 82601-2167

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORU.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Open-File Report 97-469

This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey edito-rial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. Any use of trade, product, or company names in thispublication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

October 1997

ContentsAbstract .............................................................................................................................................. 1

Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................................. 1

Background and Purpose of Study .................................................................................................... 1

Geologic Setting and Coal Mining ...................................................................................................... 2

Factors Affecting Availability of Coal Resources ................................................................................ 4

Unsuitability Criteria Determinations for the Hilight Quadrangle .................................................. 4

(a) Unsuitability Criteria that are Restrictions to Mining......................................................... 6

(b) Unsuitability Criteria that are Considerations in Mining and Mine Planning .................... 6

Other Considerations to Mining (in addition to those in the Unsuitability Criteria) ....................... 7

(a) Multiple-Use Issues ......................................................................................................... 7

(b) Technologic Factors .......................................................................................................... 9

Grouping of Constraints to Mining in the Hilight Quadrangle ........................................................... 10

Major Coal Zones Studied................................................................................................................ 12

Computer Techniques ...................................................................................................................... 14

Results ............................................................................................................................................. 16

Coal Availability Calculation

Using Category 1 Restrictions (Likely restrictions to mining) ............................................... 16

Coal Availability Calculation

Including Category 2 Restrictions

(Considerations that probably will be mitigated) ................................................................... 17

Comparison to Other Coal Availability Studies................................................................................. 17

Comparison to Other Coal Resource Calculations for the Quadrangle ........................................... 19

References ....................................................................................................................................... 20

Tables

Table 1. List of possible restrictions ................................................................................................... 5

Table 2. Constraints to mining in the Hilight quadrangle ................................................................. 11

Table 3. Summary of coal resources and available coal, by coal bed ............................................. 16

U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-469

i

Figures

Figure 1. Map showing location of the Powder River Basin and the Hilight 71/2-minute quadrangle. ... 2

Figure 2. Map showing locations of surface coal mines near the Hilight 71/2-minute quadrangle ... 3

Figure 3. Map showing data points used for this study .................................................................... 4

Figure 4. Generalized composite stratigraphic section for the Hilight quadrangle ........................... 5

Figure 5. Map of Hilight quadrangle showing area underlain by the Wyodak coal bed, and areasnot available for surface mining because of land-use and technologic restrictions. ......... 6

Figure 6. Map of Hilight quadrangle showing area underlain by the Wyodak coal bed, and showingother land-use and technologic considerations that would need to be resolved beforesurface mining could occur. .............................................................................................. 7

Figure 7. Map showing additional land-use features of the Hilight quadrangle. ............................... 8

Figure 8. Map of Hilight quadrangle showing areas where overburden for the Main Wyodak coalbed is less than 300 ft thick ............................................................................................ 10

Figure 9. Coal-correlation diagram showing representative sections from the Hilight study area....... 13

Figure 10. Coal-correlation diagram A-A’, showing coal beds in the Wyodak coal interval ............. 14

Figure 11. Enlargement of coal-correlation diagram A-A’ ................................................................ 15

Figure 12. Chart showing total original coal resources in the Hilight quadrangle ............................ 16

Figure 13. Chart showing amount of available coal in Hilight quadrangle (Category 1 restrictions). ... 17

Figure 14. Chart showing proportions of Main, Rider, and Lower Wyodak coal beds that togethermake up the available coal for the Hilight quadrangle (Category 1 restrictions) ............. 17

Figure 15. Chart showing three divisions of the Main Wyodak coal bed resources: available coal;coal restricted by land-use considerations; and coal restricted by technologicconsiderations (Category 1 restrictions) ........................................................................ 18

Figure 16. Chart showing three divisions of the Rider Wyodak coal bed resources: available coal;coal restricted by land-use considerations; and coal restricted by technologicconsiderations (Category 1 restrictions) ......................................................................... 18

Figure 17. Chart showing three divisions of the Lower Wyodak coal bed resources: available coal;coal restricted by land-use considerations; and coal restricted by technologicconsiderations (Category 1 restrictions) ......................................................................... 18

Figure 18. Chart showing land-use restrictions for the Main Wyodak coal bed (Category 1restrictions) ..................................................................................................................... 19


ii

Appendix

Tables 4 through 13—Coal Resource tables: the following 3 tables [a,b,c] for each bed listed below.

(a) Summary table showing original, remaining, and available resources.

(b) Coal tonnage unavailable, by specific land-use restriction.

(c) Coal tonnage unavailable, by specific technological restriction.

Table 4a, b, c. — Main Wyodak bed, Category 1

Table 5a, b, c. — Rider Wyodak bed, Category 1

Table 6a, b, c. — Lower Wyodak bed, Category 1

Table 7a, b, c. — Wildcat bed, Category 1

Table 8a, b, c. — Moyer bed, Category 1

Table 9a, b, c. — Main Wyodak bed, Category 2

Table 10a, b, c. — Rider Wyodak bed, Category 2

Table 11a, b, c. — Lower Wyodak bed, Category 2

Table 12a, b, c. — Wildcat bed, Category 2

Table 13a, b, c. — Moyer bed, Category 2


iii

Abbreviations and Conversions

To convert from To Multiply by

Inches (in.) Centimeters 2.54

Feet (ft) Meters 0.3048

Miles (mi) Kilometers 1.609344

Short tons (2,000 lbs.) Metric tons (2,204.6 lbs.) 0.90718474


BACKGROUND ANDPURPOSE OF STUDY

Traditional Federal and State coal resource esti-mates have not taken into account the multitude ofland-use, environmental, regulatory, technologic, andeconomic restrictions to coal mining and coal resourcerecoverability. This has led some Federal, State, andlocal planners to overestimate the future supply of theNation’s coal. A cooperative program, referred to as“Coal Availability,” between the U.S. GeologicalSurvey and other Federal agencies and State geo-logical surveys, was initiated in 1986 to identifymajor constraints on the availability of coal resources

ABSTRACT

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Geo-logical Survey of Wyoming, and U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM), has produced an estimate of the amount ofavailable coal in an area about 35 miles south of Gillette, Wyo., where the Wyodak coal bed is, in places, morethan 100 ft thick. Available coal is the quantity of the total coal resource that is accessible for mine developmentunder current regulatory, land-use, and technologic constraints. This first western coal availability study, of theHilight 71/2-minute quadrangle, indicates that approximately 60 percent (2.7 billion short tons) of the total 4.4billion tons of coal in-place in the quadrangle is available for development. (There has been no commercial miningin the Hilight quadrangle.) Approximately 67 percent (1.9 billion tons) of the Main Wyodak coal bed is consideredavailable. All tonnage measurements in this report are given in short tons.

Coal-development considerations in the quadrangle include dwellings, railroads, pipelines, power lines,wildlife habitat (eagles), alluvial valley floors, cemeteries, and the Hilight oil and gas field and gas plant. Someof these considerations could be mitigated so that surface mining of the coal may proceed; others could not bemitigated and would preclude mining in their vicinity. Other technological constraints that influence the avail-ability of the coal include overburden thickness, coal beds too thin, and areas of clinker.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We could not have successfully completed this project without the help of Vickie L. Clark, the U.S. Geo-logical Survey computer system administrator. Employees of the U.S. Bureau of Mines Coal RecoverabilityProgram—Timothy J. Rohrbacher, Lee M. Osmonson, Gerald L. Sullivan, David C. Scott, and Dale D. Tee-ters—were extremely helpful with describing local mining practice and assisting with GIS (geographic infor-mation systems) software. The Wyoming State Geological Survey supplied information and helped with projectlogistics. James E. Fassett and Timothy J. Rohrbacher reviewed the manuscript and offered thoughtful andconstructive comments. Sally J. Dyson, Robert K. Wells, Cheryl W. Adkisson, and Richard P. Walker assistedin preparing a digital version of this report to appear as a World Wide Web release.

Coal availability in the Hilight quadrangle,Powder River Basin, Wyoming:

a prototype study in a western coal fieldBy Carol L. Molnia, Laura R. H. Biewick, Dorsey Blake,

Susan J. Tewalt, M. Devereux Carter, and Charlie Gaskill

for development and to estimate the amount of re-maining coal resources that may be accessible for de-velopment under those constraints (Carter andGardner, 1989, 1994; Eggleston and others, 1990).Coal availability studies have been done at the 71/2-minute-quadrangle scale; the results are modeled sta-tistically and can be indicative of larger areas that havesimilar developmental restrictions and geologic con-ditions.

The data generated during the coal availabilitystudies were shared with the U.S. Bureau of Minesfor use in their coal recoverability studies, where re-covery and cost factors were applied to the estimatedavailable coal resources. This results in an estimate

U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-469 2

of the amount of economically recoverable coal [coalreserves], which is usually far less than the amountavailable for development (Rohrbacher and others,1994).

The coal availability program was first conductedin the Eastern United States. The results there (seeComparison to Other Coal Availability Studies sec-tion of this report) were useful to the coal mining in-dustry and other resource managers. Seventeenquadrangles were modeled in the central Appalachianregion of West Virginia, Kentucky, and Virginia. Coalavailability studies have expanded into the northernAppalachian region, the Illinois Basin, and the West-ern United States. There was great interest in extend-ing the program to western coal fields to see whatfactors would be involved and how the process couldbe applied to the different geologic and mining condi-tions in the Western United States. The Hilight quad-rangle study is the first coal availability study in thewestern United States.

GEOLOGIC SETTING ANDCOAL MINING

The Powder River Basin covers about 22,000sq miles in northeastern Wyoming and southeast-ern Montana (fig. 1) and is located in the NorthernGreat Plains physiographic province. The structuralaxis of the basin trends northwest and is near thewestern edge of the basin. The Powder River Basinhas a narrow, steeply dipping western side and abroad, gently dipping eastern side. The PaleoceneFort Union Formation along the eastern side of thePowder River Basin contains some of the thickestand most extensive deposits of low-sulfur subbitu-minous coal in the world (Molnia and Pierce, 1992),including the thick Wyodak coal bed found in theHilight quadrangle.

The Powder River Basin of Wyoming was chosenas the study site for the first western coal availabilitystudy because of its vast coal resources and its impor-tance in U.S. coal production—nine of the ten coalmines with the largest production in the United Statesin 1995 are located in the Powder River Basin (Key-stone Coal Industry Manual, 1997, p. 730). All thecoal mines in the Powder River Basin are surfacemines. The Wyoming portion of the Powder RiverBasin provides about 20 percent of the coal producedannually in the United States (Weakly, 1994).

The study site—the Hilight 71/2-minute quadrangle(fig. 2)—is an area of about 52 sq miles and is locatedin Campbell County, Wyoming, about 35 miles south

of Gillette. The Hilight quadrangle is situated betweenthe Coal Creek mine (owned by Thunder Basin CoalCo., a subsidiary of ARCO Coal Co.) and the JacobsRanch mine (owned by Kerr-McGee Coal Co.) (fig.2).The northern limit of the Jacobs Ranch mine tract ex-tends into the very southeastern edge of the Hilight71/2-minute quadrangle. The formerly proposedKeeline coal mine (Neil Butte Co.) lies fully withinthe quadrangle (see fig. 3); that Federal coal lease hasbeen relinquished. The productive capacity of thatmine would have been as much as 12 million shorttons annually. The Hilight quadrangle was chosen forour study because of its location between two activemines, the interest that had been shown in developingthe coal deposit at one time, and the issues in mul-tiple-use land management of the area.

The Eocene Wasatch Formation is at the sur-face everywhere in the Hilight quadrangle exceptalong the east-central edge, in the drainage of BlackThunder Creek, where the Paleocene Fort UnionFormation crops out (Coates, 1977; IntraSearch,1979).

The main coal bed in the Hilight quadrangle isthe Wyodak coal bed of the Tongue River Memberof the Fort Union Formation. Figure 4 shows a com-posite columnar section that is typical of the Hilightarea. In the quadrangle, the Wyodak coal bed is upto 120 ft thick, and, in many places, has 1-5 part-ings that vary in thickness. Overburden thickness

Hilight quadrangle

BighornMountains

WYOMING

RIVER

POWDER

BASIN

MONTANA

Figure 1. Map showing location of the PowderRiver Basin and the Hilight 7 1/2-minute quadrangle.


in the quadrangle for this coal bed ranges from 15to more than 600 ft. (See Major Coal Zones Stud-ied section for a more detailed description of oc-currence of the Wyodak coal bed.)

According to the information in the mine andreclamation plan for the Keeline mine (Neil ButteCompany, 1985), the Wyodak coal bed in theKeeline lease area is a non-agglomerating subbitu-minous class C coal which averages approximately

CAMPBELLCOUNTY

CONVERSECOUNTY

R73 W

R69 W

T52 N

T40 N

Buckskin

RawhideDry Fork

Caballo

Coal Creek

Jacobs Ranch

Black Thunder

North Rochelle

Rochelle

Antelope

Cordero

Eagle Butte

Wyodak

Rocky ButteBelle Ayr

CaballoRojo

Gillette

Hilight quadrangle

Fort Union

North Antelope

Figure 2. Map showing locations of surface coal mines near the Hilight 7 1/2-minute quadrangle.

9,150 Btu/lb on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis.On an as-received basis, the heating value of thecoal ranges from 7,905 to 8,960 Btu/lb with an av-erage value of 8,350 Btu/lb. As-received moistureranges from 24.9 to 31.6 percent by weight with anaverage of 27.7 percent; as-received ash contentranges from 4.9 to 12.4 percent by weight with anaverage value of 7.9 percent; and as-received sul-fur content ranges from 0.3 to 2.0 percent by weight


with an average value of 0.6 percent. These qualityvalues are for the coal in-place and will vary slightlyfrom the coal as-mined due to atmospheric expo-sure (Neil Butte Company, 1985). (See KeystoneCoal Manual, 1997, pgs. 687 - 696, for further in-formation about the Wyodak coal bed and othermajor coal beds in the Powder River Basin.)

FACTORS AFFECTING AVAILABILITYOF COAL RESOURCES

There are many factors which can affect theavailability of coal for mining. The three generalgroups of factors or considerations in Powder RiverBasin coal development are: legal unsuitability cri-teria, land-use conflicts, and technological factors.

Table 1 shows a listing of the factors we consideredunder each of these groups. It is important to notethat not every factor became a restriction within theHilight quadrangle.

Unsuitability Criteria Determinations forthe Hilight Quadrangle

The coal unsuitability criteria are listed in the Fed-eral Regulations, Title 43, Subpart 3461 (43 CFR3461). These 20 specific legal criteria are used to de-termine if an area can be mined by surface miningmethods. The 43 CFR 3461 regulations are issuedunder the authority of, and implement several majorprovisions of, Public Law 95-87, which is the SurfaceMining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (30

N

0 4 MILES

0 4 KILOMETERS

HILIGHTQUADRANGLE

proposed Keelinecoal mine

A

A'

LINE A-A'

Figure 3. Map showing data points used for this study within the Hilight quadrangle and in an areathree miles around the quadrangle (approximately 350 points total). The outline of the proposed Keelinecoal mine is shown. Line A-A’ is the trace of the coal-correlation diagram shown in figs. 10 and 11.


SY

ST

EM

SE

RIE

S

CO

AL

BE

DN

AM

E

EO

CE

NE

TE

RT

IAR

YPA

LE

OC

EN

E

FO

RT

UN

ION

250

80

550

11

5

3

Wildcat

Moyer

Oede-koven

Lower

Rider

Mai

nW

YO

DA

K

WA

SA

TC

H

?

FO

RM

AT

ION

LIT

HO

LO

GY

TH

ICK

NE

SS

IN

FE

ET

Table 1. Listing of possible restrictions(Printed in bold and italics if applicable to Hilight quadrangle):

A. Coal-leasing unsuitability criteria from the Federal CoalManagement Regulations (43 CFR 3461.5)

1. Federal Land Systems2. Rights of way and easements [i.e., railroad]3. Dwellings, roads, cemeteries, and public

buildings4. Wilderness Study Areas5. Lands with Outstanding Scenic Quality6. Lands Used for Scientific Study7. Historic Lands and Sites8. Natural Areas9. Critical Habitat for Threatened or Endangered

Plant and Animal Species10. State Listed Threatened or Endangered Species11. Bald or Golden Eagle Nests12. Bald and Golden Eagle Roost and Concentration

Areas13. Federal Lands containing Active Falcon Cliff

Nesting Site14. Habitat for Migratory Bird Species15. Fish and Wildlife Habitat for Resident Species16. Floodplains17. Municipal Watersheds18. National Resource Waters19. Alluvial Valley Floors20. State or Indian Tribe Criteria

B. Other applicable land-use restrictions:• Towns• Pipelines• Oil and gas development [is a land-use

restriction for surface mining]• Gas plant• Power lines• Gravel pits• Archaeological areas• Surface and coal ownership issues• Wetlands

C. Technological restrictions considered:• Coal quality• Overburden geochemistry• Overburden thickness (coal too deep)• Mined-out areas• Limit of coal• Surface subsidence over abandoned mines• Active mines• Abandoned mines• Clinkered areas• Coal beds too close together• Coal beds too thin (coal beds less than 2.5 ft

thick were considered too thin)• Coal beds too thick [for underground mining]• Coal bed discontinuities• Roof or floor problems• Barrier pillars• Oil and gas development [technological

restriction for underground mining]• Coalbed methane developments

Figure 4. Generalized composite stratigraphicsection for the Hilight quadrangle. Thicknessesare averages, in feet. Non-coal rocks aresiltstones, claystones, shales, and sandstones.(After IntraSearch, 1979.)

U.S.C. 1201 et seq.). The 20 unsuitability criteria in-volve consideration of scenic areas, natural and historicvalues, wildlife, flood plains, alluvial valley floors, andother special values (Bureau of Land Management, 1984).


The following sections (a) and (b) are discussionsof particular unsuitability criteria and how they mightaffect mining within the Hilight quadrangle.

(a) Unsuitability Criteria that areRestrictions to Mining:

RAILROAD CORRIDOR: There is a 300 ftbuffer, shown in figure 5, along the main and trunklines of the existing rail routes through the Hilightquadrangle. This area is determined to be unsuitablefor mining at the present time.

CEMETERY: There is a small cemetery (KintzCemetery) in the northern part of the quadrangle. Thecemetery and its buffer cover a circular area that is600 ft in diameter; this area is shown on figure 5. Thisarea would be considered unsuitable for mining.

Note: It is conceivable that both the railroad andthe cemetery could be relocated to allow mining toproceed, once the appropriate agreements and permitsare acquired. But for the purposes of this study, wewill consider them to be restrictions to coal mining.

(b) Unsuitability Criteria that areConsiderations in Mining and MinePlanning:

In these cases (alluvial valley floors, raptor sites,roads, lands in certain federal land systems, dwellings),

an area could be declared unsuitable for coal mining;alternatively, a mitigation measure could be definedto limit the effects of mining, and the area could bemined with the appropriate mitigation. Detailed stud-ies, which would determine unsuitability or mitiga-tion, would be made at a later time if an expression ofinterest was received for coal development in the area(Bureau of Land Management, 1984). Economicanalyses by the coal developer would help to deter-mine whether costs for mitigation would precludemining.

ALLUVIAL VALLEY FLOORS (AVF): There isone potential AVF (as currently defined in the coal-screening process) along Black Thunder Creek (fig.6). All lands identified as AVF’s where mining wouldinterrupt, discontinue, or preclude farming, are unsuit-able for surface coal mining. Additionally, when min-ing Federal lands outside an AVF would damage thequality or quantity of water in surface or undergroundsystems that would supply AVF’s, the land shall beconsidered unsuitable.

These determinations have not been made con-cerning the Black Thunder Creek area within theHilight quadrangle; the area will need AVF deter-minations by the Wyoming State Department ofEnvironmental Quality. The area is currently open tocoal leasing until a negative determination has beenmade.

Restrictions tocoal mining

0 1 kilometer

1 mile0

Gas plant

Power line

Railroad

Oil and gas field

Active oiland gas well

Cemetery

Restricted Areas

Area underlain byWyodak coal bed

105° 22'30"W 43°52'30"N

105°15'W43°45'N

CoalOutcrop

Figure 5. Map of Hilight quadrangle showing area underlain by the Wyodak coal bed, and showingCategory 1 considerations: areas not available for surface mining because of land-use and technologicrestrictions.


RAPTOR SITES: In the proposed final environ-mental impact statement for the Buffalo Resource Area(Bureau of Land Management, 1985), golden eaglesites (with buffers) were identified as unsuitable formining. However, currently, these and other raptorsites (with buffers) are considered open to leasing andcoal mining, pending further study; the mining effectsat the sites could probably be mitigated. Each sitewith its buffer covers a circular area about 1 mile indiameter, as shown in figure 6.

ROADS: County roads (gravel) cross the quad-rangle. They are shown on figure 7 with a buffer; theroads, including buffers on each side, are about 150 ftacross. These gravel roads can be moved and shouldnot affect coal mining. There are no State Highwaysin the quadrangle. [A few miles south of the Hilightquadrangle, State Highway 450 and its buffer havebeen determined to be unsuitable for coal mining.]

FEDERAL LAND SYSTEMS: None of the Fed-eral land systems that are unsuitable for coal leasingare present in the Hilight quadrangle. The quadrangledoes contain a portion of the Thunder Basin NationalGrassland (TBNG), a large area in northeastern Wyo-ming that includes scattered Federal lands under thejurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service (USFS); butTBNG is not part of a National Forest. The same un-suitability criteria and land use considerations dis-cussed in this report apply to coal mining on the

Thunder Basin National Grassland. Where the min-eral ownership in the National Grassland is Federal,the Bureau of Land Management develops the coal-leasing and mining stipulations in conjunction and co-operation with the USFS. Figure 7 shows theboundary of the TBNG within the Hilight quadrangle.

DWELLINGS: The area is sparsely populated andrelatively undeveloped. The few dwellings that existwould probably be bought by the coal company andwould not prohibit mining. The dwellings and theirbuffers are shown in figure 6; each site and buffer covera circular area about 600 ft in diameter.

Other Considerations to Mining (inaddition to those in the UnsuitabilityCriteria):

(a) Multiple-Use Issues:

The Bureau of Land Management (1985) Re-source Management Plan (RMP) for the Buffalo Re-source Area covers this part of the Powder River Basin.The RMP provides planning and guidance, in accor-dance with Federal laws and regulations, concerningenergy and mineral development, cultural resources,grazing management, wildlife habitat, recreation, andother uses of public lands. Within the Hilight quad-rangle, multiple-use considerations that might affect

Alluvial valley floor

Inactive oil and gas well

Additional considerationsto coal mining

Oil and gas pipeline

Raptor site(including golden eagles)

Dwelling

Additional Mining Considerations

0 1 kilometer

1 mile0

Area underlain byWyodak coal bed

105° 22'30"W 43°52'30"N

105°15'W43°45'N

CoalOutcrop

Figure 6. Map of Hilight quadrangle showing area underlain by the Wyodak coal bed, and showingCategory 2 considerations: other land-use and technologic considerations that would need to beresolved before surface mining could occur. These areas could probably be available for mining withcertain mitigations and stipulations.


coal availability were identified in the RMP and otherdocuments; these considerations include: pipelines,the Hilight oil and gas field and gas plant, power lines,gravel pits, archaeological sites, and surface- and min-eral-estate ownership. Certain multiple-use conflictscould be mitigated to allow for the surface mining ofcoal; other situations may render some coal unavail-able for mining. Economic analyses by the coal de-veloper would determine whether an area could beprofitably mined, especially if mitigation measures aremandated. Individual factors are discussed below.

PIPELINES: There is a network of oil and gaspipelines throughout the Hilight quadrangle (fig. 6).Most likely, these pipelines would be moved so thatsurface mining could proceed, but moving and re-storing them would represent an added economic con-sideration to mining.

HILIGHT OIL AND GAS FIELD: This large oil

and gas field (fig. 5) extends beyond the boundariesof the quadrangle. The entire field had 125 producingwells as of December, 1992, (Wyoming Oil and GasConservation Commission, 1993) and a water-floodproject is underway to enhance recovery. As of June1994, there were about 40 active producing wellswithin the Hilight quadrangle. Total cumulative pro-duction of the entire field (to 1992) was 77 millionbarrels of oil and 255 million thousand cubic feet ofgas. The main producing formation is the Lower Cre-taceous Muddy Sandstone, about 9,000 ft belowground level (Wyoming Geological Association,1981).

How land-use conflicts between coal mining andthe oil and gas field development would be resolvedwill depend on economic conditions, regulations,and negotiations between oil developers and coaldevelopers. Perhaps an area around a major cluster

x

x

x

R 70 WR 71 W

T45N

T44N

0 3 MILES

0 3 KILOMETERS

Gravelpits

Roads

3136

1 6Inferred limitof Wyodakcoal bed

Thunder BasinNational

Grassland

Jacobs RanchMine

Figure 7. Map showing additional land-use features of the Hilight quadrangle.


of active wells would be eliminated from mining ac-tivities until these wells are no longer actively pro-ducing. Or, mining activities might proceed aroundindividual active wells that are given a buffer zone.Conversely, specific wells might be plugged and thenreestablished after mining.

HILIGHT GAS PLANT: The plant, operated byWestern Gas Processors, has a capacity of about 60million cubic feet per day (De Bruin and Boyd, 1991).The plant (fig. 5) connects to several major pipelinesfor gas and crude oil, as well as to a pipeline for gas-processing-plant products. This installation, with a500 ft buffer, would probably be considered a restric-tion to coal mining during the time that the neighbor-ing oil and gas fields are still producing.

POWER LINES: A major power line (fig. 5)crosses the southwest corner of the quadrangle. Atthe time of mining, the implications of moving thispower line would be determined. If it were not moved,there would be a 300 ft buffer placed on both sides ofthe power line, and the coal in that area would be con-sidered unavailable.

GRAVEL PITS: There are three gravel pits in thequadrangle (fig. 7). They are developed in clinker andwould not preclude mining. There are numerous otherclinker deposits in this part of the Powder River Basin.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREAS: No major ar-chaeological areas that prevent mining are known inthe quadrangle. There are several minor archaeologi-cal sites and also several minor historic sites withinthe Hilight quadrangle. A mitigation plan would bedeveloped before these areas are disturbed by coalmining.

SURFACE OWNERSHIP: Almost the entire sur-face of the Hilight quadrangle is privately owned.Surface-owner consultation would be necessary be-fore mining on this land. There are about 2.5 sq milesof State-owned surface and less than 1 sq mile of Fed-erally owned surface, in a quadrangle whose area isabout 52 sq miles.

COAL OWNERSHIP: The Federal Governmentowns all of the coal in the Hilight quadrangle exceptthat beneath about 1/4 sq mile of privately owned land,and beneath the 2.5 sq miles of State-owned surface.

(b) Technologic Factors:

These are geologic and mining considerations thatcould affect the development of coal in the Hilightquadrangle.

ACTIVE MINES: There are no active mineswithin the quadrangle. The northernmost segment ofthe Jacobs Ranch coal lease extends into the southern

edge of the Hilight quadrangle (fig. 7), but this areahas not yet been mined.

MINED-OUT AREAS: None.LIMIT OF COAL: The “Coal resource occur-

rence map of the Hilight quadrangle” (IntraSearch,1979) shows an inferred outcrop trace for the Wyodakcoal bed on the eastern edge of the quadrangle. Thisis the only area of Wyodak outcrop within the Hilightquadrangle. Part of that area has formed clinker fromthe burning of the coal bed at or near the outcrop. Thelimit of coal (fig. 7) is drawn so that these clinkeredareas are not included in the area considered for re-source assessment and mine planning.

OVERBURDEN GEOCHEMISTRY: The onlydata on overburden geochemistry came from theKeeline mine permit application (Neil Butte Com-pany, 1985), which covered an area in the east-cen-tral part of the quadrangle (see fig. 3). There,potentially toxic heavy metals and minor elementswere present in relatively small concentrations.Salinity (based on electrical conductivity measure-ments) and sodium adsorption ratios (SAR) werewithin acceptable limits with only a few isolatedexceptions. Only one component, potentially acid-producing overburden, was encountered in signifi-cant areal extent on parts of the former lease area.However, there is abundant overburden withoutthese components; those strata would be blendedwith the poor-quality overburden to produce an ac-ceptable mixture. No more than five percent of alloverburden and parting materials was estimated torequire special management because of a variety ofchemical parameters encountered in unsuitable con-centrations (Neil Butte Company, 1985). This willbe an additional expense for the mining operationbut probably will not prevent mining of any area.

OVERBURDEN THICKNESS AND MININGCONSIDERATIONS: We assumed that 300 ft ofoverburden would be the limit for surface mining,based on general mining practice in the westernUnited States and the Powder River Basin. Figure8 shows the areas of the Hilight quadrangle wherethe overburden on the Wyodak coal bed is less than300 ft thick. This 300-ft cut-off is not an absoluterule, especially in the case of a coal bed as thick asthe Wyodak bed. Overburden exceeds 600 ft in thequadrangle, but where the Wyodak coal is about 80ft thick, the mining ratio (8 feet of overburden : 1foot of coal) could be attractive under certain eco-nomic conditions. At the present time, however,coal mines in the Powder River Basin are not sur-face mining beyond approximately 300 ft of over-burden.


We also assumed that underground mining wouldoccur where overburden depths range from 300 ft to1000 ft. We realize that there are no underground coalmines presently operating in the Powder River Basinand there are not likely to be in the near future. How-ever, there has been a feasibility study regarding fu-ture longwall mining of a coal bed that is over 200 ftthick in places (the Big George coal bed) which has aminimum of 1000 ft of overburden (Ahcan and oth-ers, 1991). (Additional discussion of undergroundmining for thick coal beds in the western UnitedStates is found in Hackett and others, 1990.) TheBig George coal bed is down-dip from the Wyodakcoal bed and closer to the center of the Basin; sub-surface evidence indicates that the Big George coalbed correlates with the Wyodak coal bed (Molnia

and Pierce, 1992; Keystone Coal Industry Manual,1997, p. 693).

We assumed that subsidence (local lowering anddeformation of the land surface) could be likely ifunderground mining were to occur, depending uponthe depth to coal, thickness of coal removed, type ofoverburden, and other engineering factors. Dunrudand Osterwald (1980) discuss the higher likelihood ofsubsidence in instances where the overburden is lessthan about 10-15 times the thickness of the coal thatis mined underground—a situation that could existwith the Big George coal bed or the Wyodak coal bed.

GROUPING OF CONSTRAINTS TOMINING IN THE HILIGHTQUADRANGLE

The actual constraints or restrictions that were usedin the coal availability calculation for the quadranglewere grouped in many overlapping ways. Those in-cluded: (1) whether the constraint was a land-use re-striction or a technologic restriction; (2) whetherthe land-use restriction arose from the UnsuitabilityCriteria or from other multiple-use managementplans; (3) whether the restriction was located and ap-plicable where overburden thickness is 0-300 ft., 300-1,000 ft., or both; and (4) whether the constraint waslikely to restrict a mining operation (as judged by com-mon local practice) or could be mitigated in some wayto allow mining to proceed. Table 2 shows the re-strictions that were used for the coal availability cal-culation in the Hilight quadrangle. The followingdiscussion explains the terms used and how the group-ings were determined.

The software that we use for coal availability cal-culations (see Computer Techniques section) dividesthe availability restrictions into two types: land-useand technologic. Land-use restrictions are placedupon mining by societal policies to preserve thosesurface features or entities that could be adversely af-fected by mining (Carter and Gardner, 1989). Land-use restrictions, therefore, may change if societalinterests change. Typically, land-use restrictions ap-ply to surface mining, but may also affect undergroundmining.

Technologic restrictions affect the economics,safety, or resource extraction during mining and coalpreparation, and are determined by current miningindustry practice. These restrictions change with ad-vances in science and engineering or with changes ineconomic conditions. Technologic restrictions affect bothsurface and underground mining but are generally more

0-300 ft.

Inferred limitof Wyodakcoal bed

R 70 WR 71 W

T45N

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3136

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greater than 300 ft.

Figure 8. Map of Hilight quadrangle showing areaswhere overburden for the Main Wyodak coal bedis 0-300 ft thick (white), and areas where thisoverburden is greater than 300 ft thick (green). Forthe purposes of this study, we assumed that 300ft of overburden would be the limit for surfacemining. Maximum overburden for the Main Wyodakcoal bed in the Hilight quadrangle exceeds 600 ft.


prohibitive to underground mining (Carter andGardner, 1989).

The USGS coal resource calculation programcomputes these resources by overburden thicknesscategories; for this study (see fig. 8) we divided theoverburden thickness into two categories: 0-300 ftand 300-1000 ft (surface and underground mining,respectively).

We further grouped the factors affecting the avail-ability of coal into two sets: Category 1, those factorsthat were likely to restrict a mining operation; andCategory 2, those factors that probably could be miti-gated in some way. The two Unsuitability Criteriathat are restrictions to mining (railroad corridor andcemetery) are included in Category 1. Category 1 con-siderations would result in a certain amount of coaltonnage being unavailable for coal mining; in contrast,Category 2 considerations would perhaps increase thecost and complexity of the mining operation, but,through mitigating measures, might allow for miningof the coal involved.

The following are the Category 1 considerations(areas unavailable because of present land-use andtechnologic conflicts). These areas are depicted onFigure 5.

Category 11. Railroad corridor2. Power line3. Cemetery4. Active oil and gas wells5. Hilight gas plant

Because of the concentration of active oil and gaswells in the southern half of the quadrangle, we as-sumed that an area around this entire cluster of ac-tively producing wells would be eliminated frommining until these wells are no longer producing. Thearea delineated is shown as “Active oil field” on fig.5. We felt that, because there was such a large quan-tity of actively producing wells in a small area, it wouldnot be efficient to try to develop a plan to mine aroundeach well, and thus we outlined an enclosing area thatwould be unavailable for coal mining.

We considered that the railroad, power line, cem-etery, and gas plant would be land-use restrictions tomining at both overburden categories (0-300 ft [surfacemining] and 300-1000 ft [underground mining]). Be-cause Powder River Basin overburden is typically weak,low in rock strength (Ahcan and others, 1991; Dunrudand Osterwald, 1980) and susceptible to subsidence, werestricted mining below these surface features.

Table 2. Constraints to coal mining in the Hilight quadrangle. [* indicates overburden thickness. “Yes” indicates actual situations that occur in the quadrangle.“Unsuitability” refers to the coal Unsuitability Criteria listed in the Federal Regulations (43 CFR 3461)]

Restriction Category Type of Land-use; Land-use; Technologic; Technologic; (1 or 2) restriction 0-300 ft* 300-1,000 ft* 0-300 ft* 300-1,000 ft*

Railroad 1 Unsuitability Yes Yes

Power line 1 Multiple use Yes

Cemetery 1 Unsuitability Yes

Producing oil 1 Multiple use Yes Yes& gas field;active wells

Gas plant 1 Multiple use Yes

Dwellings 2 Unsuitability Yes Yes

Potential 2 Unsuitability Yesalluvialvalley floor

Pipelines 2 Multiple use Yes Yes

Raptor sites 2 Unsuitability Yes Yes

Inactive oil & 2 Multiple use Yes Yesgas wells


We considered the actively producing oil and gaswells (individual wells in the north part of the quad-rangle and the cluster of wells in the south part) to bea land-use restriction at 0-300 ft overburden category[surface mining] and a technologic restriction at the300-1000 ft overburden category [underground min-ing]. The latter determination is because of the tech-nologic difficulties involved in underground miningwhere producing oil and gas wells intersect the mine.

The following are the Category 2 considerations(may allow for the mining of coal, through mitigatingmeasures). These areas are depicted on Figure 6.

Category 21. Dwellings2. Potential alluvial valley floor of Black Thunder

Creek3. Pipelines4. Raptor sites5. Inactive oil and gas wells

We grouped the alluvial valley floor, raptor sites,dwellings, and pipelines as land-use restrictions forsurface mining operations. They were also consid-ered to be land-use restrictions for underground min-ing operations because of the likelihood that they couldbe disturbed by surface subsidence. (We included theraptor sites here because of the possibility that their floraand hydrology might be destroyed or disrupted by sub-sidence.) Inactive (but not abandoned) oil and gas wellswould be a land-use restriction for surface mining and atechnologic restriction for underground mining.

For the purpose of the coal availability resourcecalculation, we assumed that the smaller number ofinactive oil and gas wells (in contrast to the activelyproducing oil and gas wells) would not need to begrouped together into a single area unavailable to min-ing, but rather could be considered on an individualbasis and factored into the mine plan, so that miningcould still proceed through them (if they are adequatelyplugged) or around them.

Resource and availability calculations were com-pleted for each of the major coal zones, for the con-siderations in Category 1 [restrictions to mining] andin Category 2 [additional considerations to mining]—by land-use and technologic designations, and by over-burden thickness. (See Computer Techniques andResults sections.)

MAJOR COAL ZONES STUDIED

Resources were calculated on five Fort UnionFormation coal intervals (fig. 4). Not all drill holes

encountered all five coal intervals. If a drill hole startedand (or) ended in a coal bed of interest, we includedthat partial measurement in our resource calculations.We did not include coal beds whose thickness is lessthan 2.5 ft, because: 1) these beds, although commonin the Fort Union Formation, are of limited extent andcannot be correlated over a significant distance; and2) USGS Circular 891 (Wood and others, 1983) de-fines 2.5 ft as the minimum thickness of subbitumi-nous coal for resource calculations.

The five coal zones for which resources were cal-culated are the Rider Wyodak, the Main Wyodak,the Lower Wyodak, the Wildcat , and the Moyer.

Resources were not calculated for the Oedekovencoal bed (fig. 4) because of insufficient data withinthe quadrangle. Figure 9 shows some representativesections from the Hilight study area which include theRider Wyodak, Main Wyodak, and Lower Wyodak coalbeds.

The Main Wyodak coal bed is herein defined asthat part of the Wyodak coal interval that occurs asone bed according to the definition in USGS Circular891 (Wood and others, 1983, p. 36). Figures 10 and11 show the variability of the Main Wyodak coal bed;it can contain many partings, but as long as the part-ings are not as thick as either of the coal benches theyseparate, the Main Wyodak coal bed is considered tobe one bed (Wood and others, 1983). Using this cri-teria, the Main Wyodak coal bed contains 5-120 ft ofcoal in an interval that is 5-156 ft thick. We used twothickness categories for the Main Wyodak coal bed:5-40 ft and greater than 40 ft. Overburden thicknessfor the Main Wyodak coal bed is 15- 625 ft.

If benches of the Wyodak bed are separated bypartings which exceed the thickness of either adjacentbench, then the bench must be considered a separatebed for the purposes of resource calculation (Woodand others, 1983), and its thickness is not included inthe thickness of the Main Wyodak coal bed. Theseseparated beds (they do not occur in every drill hole)were grouped as discussed below.

(a) Wyodak benches above the Main Wyodak bedwere called the Rider Wyodak bed (see figures 9, 10,and 11). The Rider Wyodak bed can include multiplebenches of Wyodak coal above the Main Wyodak, andis designed to include all the rest of the benches of theWyodak coal bed above the Main Wyodak, regardlessof parting thicknesses. The analysis, currently under-way, of recoverable coal in the Hilight quadranglewill determine where the Rider Wyodak coal beds canbe economically mined in conjunction with mining ofthe Main Wyodak coal bed.


Total coal thickness of the Rider Wyodak bed is3-24 ft, in a stratigraphic interval of 3-90 ft. We usedtwo coal thickness categories for the Rider Wyodakcoal bed: 3-5 ft and 5-40 ft. [This second categorywas chosen to parallel the 5-40 ft thickness categoryfor the Main Wyodak bed, even though total coal inthe Rider Wyodak bed in the Hilight quadrangle is nomore than 24 ft thick.] Overburden thickness for theRider Wyodak coal bed is 0-400 ft.

(b) Wyodak coal benches below the Main Wyodakbed were called the Lower Wyodak coal bed (figures

9, 10, and 11). The Lower Wyodak bed can includemultiple benches of Wyodak coal below the MainWyodak, and is designed to include all the rest of thebenches of the Wyodak coal bed below the MainWyodak bed, regardless of parting thicknesses. Theanalysis, currently underway, of recoverable coal inthe Hilight quadrangle will determine where the LowerWyodak coal beds can be economically mined in con-junction with mining of the Main Wyodak coal bed.

Total coal thickness of the Lower Wyodak bed is3-25 ft, in a stratigraphic interval of 3-90 ft. We used

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Figure 9. Coal-correlation diagram showing representative sections from the Hilight study area. R,Rider Wyodak; M, Main Wyodak; L, Lower Wyodak coal beds, as used in this report. Numbers are in feet;elevations above sea level are shown on right margin of figure. Inset map shows location of sections.


two coal thickness categories for the Lower Wyodakcoal bed: 3-5 ft and 5-40 ft. Overburden thickness forthe Lower Wyodak coal bed is 75-600 ft.

The Wildcat coal bed is 3-16 ft thick and typicallyoccurs in one bench. We used two thickness categoriesfor the Wildcat coal bed: 3-5 ft and 5-40 ft. Overburdenthickness for the Wildcat bed is 500-1300 ft.

The Moyer coal bed is 3-11 ft thick and typicallyoccurs in one bench. The two thickness categories thatwe used for the Moyer coal bed are: 3-5 ft and 5-40 ft.Overburden thickness for the Moyer bed is 650-1370 ft.

The data set of stratigraphic information used forresource calculations and for the determinations dis-cussed above includes data points within the Hilightquadrangle and data points within a three-mile-wideband surrounding the quadrangle. The total was ap-proximately 350 data points (fig.3). The data in thethree-mile band around the Hilight quadrangle were usedto guide and control the computer-generated grids of coalthickness and overburden thickness in the quadrangle,and to complete the calculation of measured, indicated,and inferred coal resources for data points within theHilight quadrangle but close to the quadrangle border.

COMPUTER TECHNIQUES

The study involved compilation of three basictypes of data. The first is point-source data on coal-bed thickness, elevation above sea level, and coal qual-ity. BLM supplied digital files of publicly availabledrill-hole data in and around the Hilight area; thesefiles contained coal-bed names and correlations, es-pecially for the Wyodak coal bed, and were used afterminor revisions. Additional public drill-hole data,which also contained coal-bed thickness, bed name,and elevation (from the Coal Resource Occurrence—Coal Development Potential studies of Federal coalresources) were retrieved from the USGS NationalCoal Resources Data System for the Hilight quad-rangle and for the surrounding eight quadrangles, andwere used after minor revisions.

The second data type consists of line data thatdefine coal outcrops, boundaries, and areas that posepotential restrictions to mining, as well as otherland-use considerations. Many of these data werealso provided by the BLM in digital format. Otherline data were plotted on 71/2-minute topographic mapsand digitized by the USGS. Most of the line data which

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Figure 10. Coal-correlation diagram A-A’, showing coal beds in the Wyodak coal interval. Datum iselevation (ft) above sea level; no horizontal scale. Note variations in thickness in the Main Wyodak coalbed and in number of partings. This Main Wyodak interval is shown in detail in Figure 11. See Figure3 for the location of Line A-A’. R, Rider Wyodak; M, Main Wyodak; L, Lower Wyodak coal beds; Local,unnamed coal bed of limited areal extent.


define areas of technological restrictions, i.e., coal toodeep or too thin, were generated by our public-do-main GIS software, GRASS (Geographical ResourceAnalysis Support System, U.S. Army ConstructionEngineering Research Laboratory), from grids of coalthickness and overburden thickness.

The third type of data is the digital elevation mod-els (DEM’s), which are digital files of surface topog-raphy, produced by the National Mapping Division ofthe USGS. The DEM surface-elevation raster is usedto calculate overburden thickness. A computer pro-gram subtracted one raster (the elevation of the top ofthe coal) from a second raster (the DEM raster ofsurface elevation) to generate a raster of overburdenthickness.

The overall steps required to calculate coal re-sources for this study included: (1) acquisition of coalstratigraphic and analytical data, and their transfer intoa point-data management system; (2) correlation andgrouping of coal beds by bed or zone; (3) transfer ofpoint-source and line data into a geographic informa-tion system (GIS); (4) conversion of point-source andline data into rasters using GIS programs; (5) calcula-tion of original coal resources from rasters; and, fi-

nally, (6) calculation of restricted coal tonnages andcoal tonnages available to mining, by overburden thick-ness and by Category 1 and 2 restrictions. The meth-odology for coal-resource calculations used in thisstudy follows the Coal Resource Classification Systemof the USGS (Wood and others, 1983).

Computerized techniques are used to facilitatevisualization of coal-bed correlations and calculationof original, restricted, and available resources. Thepoint-source geologic data were initially processedusing StratiFact software (GRG Corporation) to store,manipulate, and graphically display cross sectionsthroughout the quadrangle; to correlate coal beds be-tween drill holes; and to group coal beds and partingsby assigning coal bed designations. Then, coal-beddata were retrieved by bed designations and broughtinto GRASS, which contains the USGS coal resourcecalculation programs.

Digital line data obtained from BLM was pro-cessed using a GIS called ARC/INFO (Environmen-tal Systems Research Institute, Inc.) to clean the data(delete dangles, intersect lines, and create topology)and to reformat the BLM digital files so they also couldbe imported into GRASS. Line data digitized by the

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Figure 11. Enlargement of coal-correlation diagram A-A’ from Figure 10; no vertical datum and nohorizontal scale. Note variations in thickness in the Main Wyodak coal bed and variations in number ofpartings. Thickness values shown in feet. See Figure 3 for the location of Line A-A’. R, Rider Wyodak;M, Main Wyodak; L, Lower Wyodak coal beds.


USGS were also brought into GRASS. GRASS volu-metric programs were run to calculate original, remain-ing, restricted, and available coal tonnages, by coalbed. Table 3 is a summary of these calculations; com-plete results are shown in Tables 4 through 13. TheGRASS software generated estimates of restricted andavailable coal tonnages for the Wildcat and Moyer coalbeds (Tables 7-8a,b,c and 12-13a,b,c); however, thesecoal beds are considered entirely unavailable becauseof their depth. No rounding to significant numbers isdone by the GRASS programs.

Each of these resource estimates in the tablesare subdivided into categories by overburden thick-ness, coal thickness, and reliability of estimate. Re-liability categories used were: measured (coalwithin 1/4 mile of a coal-thickness measurement);indicated (coal 1/4- to 3/4- mile from a coal-thick-ness measurement); inferred (coal 3/4- to 3 milesfrom a coal-thickness measurement); and hypotheti-cal (coal more than 3 miles from a coal-thicknessmeasurement).

These coal tonnage estimates can be compared toprevious resource estimates for this quadrangle andcan indicate the amount of available coal in other partsof the Powder River Basin that have similar geologicand land-use conditions.

RESULTS

Coal Availability Calculation UsingCategory 1 Restrictions(Likely restrictions to mining)

The Hilight quadrangle contains 4.4 billion tonsof total coal resources (fig. 12). Original and re-maining coal resources for the quadrangle are the samebecause no commercial mining has yet taken place.Under Category 1 restrictions (railroad, power line,cemetery, oil and gas field and producing wells, Hilightgas plant) about 60 percent or 2.7 billion tons of the

original coal resource are considered available for de-velopment in the Hilight quadrangle (fig. 13). This60 percent represents the sum of the available Rider,Lower, and Main Wyodak coal resources (totalingapproximately 2.7 billion tons) as a proportion of thetotal 4.4 billion tons of original coal in the quadrangle(fig. 14; table 3). The coal resources of the Wildcatand Moyer beds are considered unavailable becauseof depth.

The Main Wyodak coal bed in the Hilight quad-rangle contains 2.9 billion tons of coal, of which 1.9billion tons (67 percent) are considered available fordevelopment. Figure 15 shows the total available re-sources of the Main Wyodak coal bed, and the amountof coal that is restricted by land-use considerations(24 percent) and by technological considerations (9percent). The relative proportions of these land-useconsiderations are depicted in fig. 18. The large oiland gas field is the technological consideration whichlimits the availability of the Wyodak coal bed.

8%Wildcat

(344)

7%Moyer(293)

9%Rider Wyodak

(396)12%

Lower Wyodak(540)

64%Main Wyodak

(2,851)

Total original resources in Hilight quadrangle:4.4 billion tons

Figure 12. Chart showing total original coalresources in the Hilight quadrangle. Numbers inparentheses are in millions of short tons.

Table 3. Summary of coal resources and available coal, by bed, in millions of short tons, for the Hilightquadrangle.

Coal bed name Original Category 1 Category 2resources Land Use Technologic TOTAL Available % available Land Use Technologic TOTAL

Restrictions Restrictions Restrictions Restrictions Restrictions Restrictions Rider Wyodak 396 86 7 91 305 77% 85 0 85Main Wyodak 2,851 678 274 942 1,909 67% 604 3 607Lower Wyodak 540 52 45 96 444 82% 110 2 112Wildcat 344 344Moyer 293 293OVERALL 4,424 816 326 1,766 2,658 60% 799 5 804

Notes: Totals are not necessarily sums because of overlapping restrictions. Wildcat and Moyer coal beds are considered entirely unavailable because of their depth.


Figures 16 and 17 show the amount of availablecoal and the amounts of coal restricted because ofland-use and technological restrictions for the RiderWyodak coal bed and the Lower Wyodak coal bed,respectively, in the Hilight quadrangle.

Coal Availability Calculation IncludingCategory 2 Restrictions(Considerations that probably will be mitigated)

If Category 2 restrictions (dwellings, alluvial val-ley floor, pipelines, raptor areas, inactive oil and gaswells) for the Rider, Lower, and Main Wyodak bedsare added to Category 1 restrictions, an additional807 million tons of coal would be restricted from mining(this figure is approximate because of overlap betweensome Category 1 and Category 2 considerations). Thus42 percent (1,851 million tons) of the Wyodak coal bedswould be available for mining.

COMPARISON TO OTHER COALAVAILABILITY STUDIES

This coal availability study—the first in theWestern United States—indicates that about 67 per-cent of the coal in the Main Wyodak bed is avail-able for mining, and about 60 percent of the totalcoal in the quadrangle is available for mining. Stud-ies in the Appalachian coal region indicate that,overall, only 50 percent of the original coal resourcein that region is available for development (Carterand Gardner, 1994). In many areas of the Appala-chian region, much of the original resource is al-ready mined-out; whereas in the Hilight quadrangle,there has been no mining. Of the remaining Appa-lachian coal resource, no more than 60 percent isconsidered available for future development, be-cause of restrictions to mining (Carter and Gardner,1994).

(444) (305)

72%Main Wyodak (1,909)

17% Lower Wyodak

11%Rider Wyodak

60% Available (2.7 billion tons)

40% Unavailable(1.7 billion tons)

Figure 13. Chart showing amount of available coal in Hilight quadrangle (Category 1 restrictions).

Figure 14. Chart showing proportions of Main, Rider, and Lower Wyodak coal beds that together makeup the available coal for the Hilight quadrangle (Category 1 restrictions). Numbers in parentheses arein millions of short tons.


67% Available (1,909)

24% Land-use restrictions (678)

9% Technologic restrictions (274)

22% Land-use restrictions

(86)

76% Available (305)



82% Available (444)

10% Land-use restrictions

(52)

Figure 15. Chart showing three divisions of the Main Wyodak coal bed resources: available coal; coalrestricted by land-use considerations; and coal restricted by technologic considerations (Category 1restrictions). Numbers in parentheses are in millions of short tons.

Figure 16. Chart showing three divisions of the Rider Wyodak coal bed resources: available coal; coalrestricted by land-use considerations; and coal restricted by technologic considerations (Category 1restrictions). Numbers in parentheses are in millions of short tons.

Figure 17. Chart showing three divisions of the Lower Wyodak coal bed resources: available coal; coalrestricted by land-use considerations; and coal restricted by technologic considerations (Category 1restrictions). Numbers in parentheses are in millions of short tons.

There are significant differences in several coalquality parameters between Appalachian coals andPowder River coals; these differences must be con-sidered in any comparison of available resources ofdifferent regions. In general, the Powder RiverBasin coals are lower in rank, higher in moisture con-tent, and lower in sulfur content than the Appalachiancoals.

There are also major differences between Appala-chian and Powder River Basin coal development.Different land-ownership patterns, mineral-ownershippatterns, environmental regulations, mining methods,topography, and land-management policies exist in thetwo regions. Powder River Basin coal development

occurs in an area which is relatively undeveloped andcontains no large population centers. Powder RiverBasin topography is relatively flat; there are numer-ous, gently-dipping, relatively shallow, thick coal beds.No underground mining is planned. Coal mining inthe Powder River Basin involves Federally-owned coalresources and Federal coal mining laws and develop-ment regulations. All of these factors influence theamount of coal that is available, and how that coalwill be developed.

The U.S. Bureau of Mines coal recoverabilitystudies of the Appalachian region have shown that lessthan 10 percent of the original resource can be minedand marketed at a profit (Rohrbacher and others, 1994).


The coal recoverability study of the Hilight quadrangleis presently being conducted by the U.S. GeologicalSurvey, to determine what percent of the available coal iseconomically recoverable, through design of a theoreticalmine plan for the quadrangle. This mine plan takes intoaccount the restricted areas within the quadrangle andmining practices common in the Powder River Basin.

COMPARISON TO OTHER COALRESOURCE CALCULATIONS FORTHE QUADRANGLE

Two earlier calculations were compared to ourassessment:

(1) IntraSearch (1979) evaluated the coal resourcesof all unleased Federal coal beds in the quadranglewhich are 5 feet or greater in thickness and occur atdepths down to 3000 ft. Using these criteria,IntraSearch reported that there are 3.7 billion shorttons of unleased Federal coal resources in the Hilightquadrangle. The IntraSearch study computed no re-sources or reserves for leased Federal coal, State coal,fee (private) coal, or lands encompassed by coal pros-pecting permits and preference right lease applications.

Our estimate of 4.4 billion tons of coal as the totalcoal resources in the quadrangle compares well with thisprevious estimate of 3.7 billion tons by IntraSearch(1979), in view of the fact that the IntraSearch estimatedid not include all of the coal in the quadrangle.

(2) A second resource estimate for the area(Berryhill and others, 1950) provided a calculation oftotal original reserves of subbituminous coal in Wyo-ming by township, by overburden thickness and coal-bed thickness. Coal-tonnage estimates given for thefour townships that occur within the Hilight quadrangleare as follows:

T. 44 N., R. 70 W. 303 million short tonsT. 44 N., R. 71 W. 485 million short tonsT. 45 N., R. 70 W. 390 million short tonsT. 45 N., R. 71 W. 520 million short tons

These estimates of original reserves, which total1.7 billion tons, are for coal beds greater than 2.5 ftthick and with overburden less than 1000 ft; and arethe sum of measured, indicated, and inferred reserveestimates (as defined by Berryhill and others, 1950)for each township.

Because the Hilight quadrangle does not includeany one of these townships in its entirety, we used apercent (based on surface area) of each of the abovetownship reserve estimates to approximate a coal re-serve figure for the quadrangle. That total came to780 million short tons.

We believe that this resource figure derived fromBerryhill and others (1950) for the Hilight quadrangleis much smaller than later estimates because very fewsurface coal mines were operating in the Powder RiverBasin at that time, and thus a limited amount of dataon subsurface coal was available. Also, the resource

9%Railroads

(63)

1%Gas plant

(9)5%

Power lines(33)

85%Producing oil and

gas field, wells(574)

Land-use restrictions—Main Wyodak coal bed:678 million tons restricted

Figure 18. Chart showing land-use restrictions for the Main Wyodak coal bed (Category 1 restrictions).The chart segment for “Cemetery” is too small to be shown at this scale. Numbers in parentheses arein millions of short tons.


estimates for this area by Berryhill and others (1950)did not include coal resources with over 1000 feet ofoverburden.

Comparison of these Hilight resource estimatesshow the usefulness of periodically recalculating coalresources for an area when there have been increasesin data quantity and quality over time. The coal avail-ability calculation is a further refinement—it deter-mines how much of the total coal resource has alreadybeen mined, and how much would actually be acces-sible for development. These kinds of determinationscan better guide us as an economy and a society as wedevelop our natural resources and the lifestyles thatdepend on them.

REFERENCES

Ahcan, Rudi, Zerdin, Franc, and Lutzens, W.W., 1991,Longwall mining in ultrathick U.S. coal seams, inLongwall USA International Exhibition andConference; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, June, 1991.

Berryhill, Henry L., Jr., Brown, Donald M., Brown, Andrew,and Taylor, Dorothy A., 1950, Coal resources ofWyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 81; 78 p.

Bureau of Land Management, 1984, Second draft resourcemanagement plan and draft environmental impactstatement for the Buffalo Resource Area, CasperDistrict, Wyoming.

Bureau of Land Management, 1985, Proposed finalenvironmental impact statement for the BuffaloResource Area, Casper District, Wyoming.

Carter, M. Devereux, and Gardner, Nancy K., 1989, Anassessment of coal resources available for development:U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 89-362; 52 p.

Carter, M. Devereux, and Gardner, Nancy K., 1994, Coalavailability studies—The impact of restrictions on thedevelopment potential of coal resources, in Chiang,Shiao-Hung, ed., Coal — Energy and the Environment:11th Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference,1994. p. 1-4.

Coates, Donald A., 1977, Surficial geologic map of theHilight quadrangle, Campbell County, Wyoming: U.S.Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies MapMF-894. 1:24,000 scale; 1 plate.

De Bruin, Rodney H., and Boyd, Cynthia S., 1991, Oil andgas map of Wyoming: Geological Survey of WyomingMap Series 35.

Dunrud, C. Richard, and Osterwald, Frank W., 1980, Effectsof coal mine subsidence in the Sheridan, Wyoming, area:U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1164; 49 p.

Eggleston, Jane R., Carter, M. Devereux, and Cobb, JamesC., 1990, Coal resources available for development—a methodology and pilot study: U.S. Geological SurveyCircular 1055; 15 p.

Hackett, T. D., Boreck, D. L., and Clarke, D. R., 1990,Multislice mining for thick western coal seams: U.S.Bureau of Mines Information Circular 9239; 27 p.

IntraSearch, 1979, Coal resource occurrence and coaldevelopment potential maps of the Hilight quadrangle,Campbell County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological SurveyOpen File Report 79-69.

Keystone Coal Industry Manual, 1997, Chicago, Ill., IntertecPublishing Company, 800 p.

Molnia, Carol L., and Pierce, Frances Wahl, 1992, Crosssections showing coal stratigraphy of the centralPowder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana: U.S.Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations SeriesMap I-1959-D, scale 1:500,000.

Neil Butte Company, 1985, (unpublished), Mine andreclamation plan for the Keeline Mine. Prepared byHydro-Engineering, Casper, Wyoming.

Rohrbacher, Timothy J., Teeters, Dale D., Osmonson, LeeM., and Plis, Matthew N., 1994, Coal recoverabilityand the definition of coal reserves, Central AppalachianRegion, 1993: U.S. Bureau of Mines Open File Report10-94; 36 p.

Weakly, Alan, 1994, Powder River Basin: Mother Lode ofthe nation’s compliance coal, in Mining Engineering,vol. 46, no. 8, August, 1994.

Wood, Gordon H., Jr., Kehn, Thomas M., Carter, M.Devereux, and Culbertson, William C., 1983, Coalresource classification system of the U.S. GeologicalSurvey: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 891; 65 p.

Wyoming Geological Association, 1981, Powder RiverBasin Oil and Gas Fields: Wyoming Oil and Gas FieldsSymposium Series.

Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, 1993,Wyoming oil and gas statistics, 1992.


Appendix

Tables 4 through 13—Coal Resource tables

T

able

4a. --

Est

imate

d c

oal r

eso

urc

es

of th

e M

ain

Wyo

dak

coal b

ed (

Cate

gory

1 r

est

rict

ions)

in

the H

ilight 7.5

-min

ute

quadra

ngle

, C

am

pbell

County

, W

yom

ing

(

in thousa

nds

of sh

ort

tons)

R

eso

urc

es

are

subdiv

ided in

to c

ate

gories

of ove

rburd

en thic

kness

(0-3

00 ft, 3

00-1

000 ft, a

nd >

1000

ft)

, co

al t

hic

kness

(5-4

0 ft and >

40 ft)

, and r

elia

bili

ty o

f est

imate

(m

easu

red, in

dic

ate

d, in

ferr

ed, and h

ypoth

etic

al).

M

EA

SU

RE

D IN

DIC

AT

ED

IN

FE

RR

ED

H

YP

OT

HE

TIC

AL

T

OT

AL

5-4

0 >

40 T

OT

AL 5

-40 >

40 T

OT

AL 5

-40 >

40 T

OT

AL 5-4

0 >

40

T

OT

AL 5-4

0 >

40 T

OT

AL

--

----

----

----

----

----

-- --

----

----

----

----

----

-- --

----

----

----

----

----

-- --

----

----

----

----

---

---

--

----

----

----

----

----

---

O

RIG

INA

L 0-3

00 4

12,0

60 145,7

26 5

57,7

86 422,7

19 672,2

11 1,0

94,9

30 3

5,0

42 114,0

60 1

49,1

02 0 0

0

8

69,8

21 931,9

97 1,8

01,8

10

300-1

000 6,3

48 153,2

73 1

59,6

21 2

6,5

49 704,3

86 730,9

35 1,0

27 157,1

39 1

58,1

66 0 0

0

33,9

24 1,0

14,7

90 1,0

48,7

20

>

1000 0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0

0

0

0

0

0

T

OT

AL 4

18,4

08 298,9

99 7

17,4

07 449,2

68 1,3

76,5

00 1,8

25,8

60 3

6,0

69 271,1

99 3

07,2

68 0 0

0

9

03,7

45 1,9

46,7

90 2,8

50,5

40

M

INE

D O

UT

** S

UR

FA

CE

300-1

000 0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

T

OT

AL 0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

D

EE

P 300-1

000 0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

>

1000 0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

T

OT

AL 0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

T

OT

AL

300-1

000 0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

>

1000 0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

T

OT

AL 0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

R

EM

AIN

ING

0-3

00 4

12,0

60 145,7

26 5

57,7

86 422,7

19 672,2

11 1,0

94,9

30 3

5,0

42 114,0

60 1

49,1

02 0

0

0 8

69,8

21 931,9

97 1,8

01,8

10

300-1

000 6,3

48 153,2

73 1

59,6

21 2

6,5

49 704,3

86 730,9

35 1,0

27 157,1

39 1

58,1

66 0

0

0 33,9

24 1,0

14,7

90 1,0

48,7

20

>

1000 0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

T

OT

AL 4

18,4

08 298,9

99 7

17,4

07 449,2

68 1,3

76,5

00 1,8

25,8

60 3

6,0

69 271,1

99 3

07,2

68 0

0

0 9

03,7

45 1,9

46,7

90 2,8

50,5

40

R

ES

TR

ICT

ION

S LA

ND

-US

E 0-3

00 11,9

89 8

9,5

87 1

01,5

76 2

1,5

02 422,9

51 4

44,4

53 2

0 4

9,4

75 49,4

95 0 0

0 33,5

11 562,0

13 5

95,5

24

300-1

000 0 1

7,8

17 17,8

17 0 6

2,8

76 62,8

76 0 1,7

69 1

,769 0 0

0 0

8

2,4

62 82,4

62

>

1000 0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

T

OT

AL 11,9

89 107,4

04 1

19,3

93 2

1,5

02 485,8

27 5

07,3

29 2

0 5

1,2

44 51,2

64 0 0

0 33,5

11 644,4

75 6

77,9

86

T

EC

HN

OLO

GIC

300-1

000 0 2

6,1

59 26,1

59 0 206,7

92 2

06,7

92 0 4

0,9

47 40,9

47 0 0

0 0

273,8

98 2

73,8

98

>

1000 0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

T

OT

AL 0

2

6,1

59 26,1

59 0 206,7

92 2

06,7

92 0 4

0,9

47 40,9

47 0 0

0 0

273,8

98 2

73,8

98

T

OT

AL

0-3

00 11,9

89 8

9,5

87 1

01,5

76 2

1,5

02 422,9

51 4

44,4

53 2

0 4

9,4

75 49,4

95 0 0

0 33,5

11 562,0

13 5

95,5

24

300-1

000 0 3

9,0

18 39,0

18 0 264,3

51 2

64,3

51 0 4

2,7

17 42,7

17 0 0

0 0

346,0

86 3

46,0

86

>

1000 0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

T

OT

AL 11,9

89 128,6

05 1

40,5

94 2

1,5

02 687,3

02 7

08,8

04 2

0 9

2,1

92 92,2

12 0 0

0 33,5

11 908,0

99 9

41,6

10

A

VA

ILA

BLE

0-3

00 4

00,0

71 5

6,1

38 4

56,2

09 401,2

16 249,2

59 650,4

75 3

5,0

22 6

4,5

85 99,6

07 0 0

0

8

36,3

09 369,9

82 1

,206,2

90

300-1

000 6,3

48 114,2

54 1

20,6

02 2

6,5

49 440,0

35 466,5

84 1,0

27 114,4

22 1

15,4

49 0 0

0

33,9

24 668,7

11 7

02,6

35

>

1000 0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0

0

0

0

0

0

T

OT

AL 4

06,4

19 170,3

92 5

76,8

11 427,7

65 689,2

94 1,1

17,0

50 3

6,0

49 179,0

07 2

15,0

56 0 0

0

8

70,2

33 1,0

38,6

90 1

,908,9

20

*

Less

than 1

, not in

cluded in

tota

ls.

**

M

ined a

nd lo

st-in-m

inin

g, by

surf

ace

and d

eep m

inin

g m

eth

ods.

N

ote

: T

ota

ls m

ay

not equal s

um

of co

mponents

beca

use

of in

dependent ro

undin

g.

T

able

4b. --

Est

imate

d r

em

ain

ing c

oal r

eso

urc

es

of th

e M

ain

Wyo

dak

coal b

ed u

nava

ilable

du

e to

LA

ND

-US

E r

est

rict

ions

(Cate

gory

1 r

est

rict

ions)

in the H

ilight 7.5

-min

ute

quadra

ngle

, C

am

pb

ell

County

, W

yom

ing

(

in thousa

nds

of sh

ort

tons)

R

eso

urc

es

are

subdiv

ided in

to c

ate

gories

of ove

rburd

en thic

kness

(0-3

00 ft, 3

00-1

000 ft, a

nd >

1000 ft)

, co

al t

hic

kness

(5-4

0 ft and >

40 ft)

, and r

elia

bili

ty o

f est

imate

(m

easu

red, in

dic

ate

d, in

ferr

ed,

and h

ypoth

etic

al).

M

EA

SU

RE

D IN

DIC

AT

ED

IN

FE

RR

ED

H

YP

OT

HE

TIC

AL

T

OT

AL

5-4

0 >

40 T

OT

AL 5

-40 >

40 T

OT

AL 5

-40 >

40 T

OT

AL 5

-40 >

40 T

OT

AL 5-4

0 >

40 T

OT

AL

--

----

----

----

----

----

-- --

----

----

----

----

----

-- --

----

----

----

----

----

-- --

----

----

----

----

---

---

--

----

----

----

----

----

---

0-3

00

C

em

ete

ries

0

0 0

290 158 4

48 0 0 0

0 0

0 2

90 1

58 4

48

G

as

pla

nt 0

0 0

384 2,6

90 3

,074 2

0 5,7

68 5

,788 0 0

0 4

04 8

,458 8

,862

O

il and g

as

wells

9,7

35 8

9,5

87 99,3

22 1

8,3

41 417,1

12 4

35,4

53 0 3

8,7

39 38,7

39 0 0

0 28,0

76 5

45,4

38 5

73,5

14

P

ow

erlin

es

0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

R

ailr

oads

2

,254 0 2

,254 2,6

13 2,9

90 5

,603 0 5,9

06 5

,906 0 0

0 4

,867 8

,896 13,7

63

T

ota

l**

11,9

89 8

9,5

87 1

01,5

76 2

1,5

02 422,9

51 4

44,4

53 2

0 4

9,4

75 49,4

95 0 0

0 33,5

11 5

62,0

13 5

95,5

24

300-1

000

C

em

ete

ries

0

0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

G

as

pla

nt 0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

O

il and g

as

wells

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

P

ow

erlin

es

0

8,1

85 8

,185 0 2

4,8

49 24,8

49 0 0 0

0 0

0 0

33,0

34 33,0

34

R

ailr

oads

0

9,6

31 9

,631 0 3

8,0

27 38,0

27 0 1,7

69 1

,769 0 0

0 0

49,4

27 49,4

27

T

ota

l**

0

1

7,8

17 17,8

17 0 6

2,8

76 62,8

76 0 1,7

69 1

,769 0 0

0 0

82,4

62 82,4

62

>1000

C

em

ete

ries

0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

G

as

pla

nt 0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

O

il and g

as

wells

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

P

ow

erlin

es

0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

R

ailr

oads

0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

T

ota

l**

0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

TO

TA

L C

em

ete

ries

0

0 0

290 158 4

48 0 0 0

0 0

0 2

90 1

58 4

48

G

as

pla

nt 0

0 0

384 2,6

90 3

,074 2

0 5,7

68 5

,788 0 0

0 4

04 8

,458 8

,862

O

il and g

as

wells

9,7

35 8

9,5

87 99,3

22 1

8,3

41 417,1

12 4

35,4

53 0 3

8,7

39 38,7

39 0 0

0 28,0

76 5

45,4

38 5

73,5

14

P

ow

erlin

es

0

8,1

85 8

,185 0 2

4,8

49 24,8

49 0 0 0

0 0

0 0

33,0

34 33,0

34

R

ailr

oads

2

,254 9,6

31 11,8

85 2,6

13 4

1,0

17 43,6

30 0 7,6

75 7

,675 0 0

0 4

,867 58,3

23 63,1

90

T

ota

l**

11,9

89 107,4

04 1

19,3

93 2

1,5

02 485,8

27 5

07,3

29 2

0 5

1,2

44 51,2

64 0 0

0 33,5

11 6

44,4

75 6

77,9

86

* Less

than 1

, not in

cluded in

tota

ls.

** N

ot nece

ssarily

sum

. C

alc

ula

ted s

epara

tely

to a

void

double

countin

g o

f ove

rlappin

g r

est

rict

ions.

Note

: T

ota

ls m

ay

not equal s

um

of co

mponents

beca

use

of in

dependent ro

undin

g.

T

able

4c.

--

Est

imate

d r

em

ain

ing c

oal r

eso

urc

es

of th

e M

ain

Wyo

dak

coal b

ed u

nava

ilable

due to

T

EC

HN

OLO

GIC

rest

rict

ions

(Cate

gory

1 r

est

rict

ions)

in the H

ilight 7.5

-min

ute

quadra

ngle

, C

am

pbe

ll C

ounty

, W

yom

ing

(

in thousa

nds

of sh

ort

tons)

R

eso

urc

es

are

subdiv

ided in

to c

ate

gories

of ove

rburd

en thic

kness

(0-3

00 ft, 3

00-1

000 ft, a

nd >

1000 ft)

, co

al t

hic

kness

(5-4

0 ft and >

40 ft)

, and r

elia

bili

ty o

f est

imate

(m

easu

red, in

dic

ate

d, in

ferr

ed,

and h

ypoth

etic

al).

M

EA

SU

RE

D IN

DIC

AT

ED

IN

FE

RR

ED

H

YP

OT

HE

TIC

AL

T

OT

AL

5-4

0 >

40 T

OT

AL 5

-40 >

40 T

OT

AL 5

-40 >

40 T

OT

AL 5

-40 >

40 T

OT

AL 5-4

0 >

40 T

OT

AL

--

----

----

----

----

----

-- --

----

----

----

----

----

-- --

----

----

----

----

----

-- --

----

----

----

----

---

---

--

----

----

----

----

----

---

0-3

00

O

il and g

as

wells

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

T

ota

l**

0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

300-1

000

O

il and g

as

wells

0 2

6,1

59 26,1

59 0 206,7

92 2

06,7

92 0 4

0,9

47 40,9

47 0 0

0 0

2

73,8

98 2

73,8

98

T

ota

l**

0

2

6,1

59 26,1

59 0 206,7

92 2

06,7

92 0 4

0,9

47 40,9

47 0 0

0 0

2

73,8

98 2

73,8

98

>1000

O

il and g

as

wells

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

T

ota

l**

0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

TO

TA

L O

il and g

as

wells

0 2

6,1

59 26,1

59 0 206,7

92 2

06,7

92 0 4

0,9

47 40,9

47 0 0

0 0

2

73,8

98 2

73,8

98

T

ota

l**

0

2

6,1

59 26,1

59 0 206,7

92 2

06,7

92 0 4

0,9

47 40,9

47 0 0

0 0

2

73,8

98 2

73,8

98

* Less

than 1

, not in

cluded in

tota

ls.

** N

ot nece

ssarily

sum

. C

alc

ula

ted s

epara

tely

to a

void

double

countin

g o

f ove

rlappin

g r

est

rict

ions.

Note

: T

ota

ls m

ay

not equal s

um

of co

mponents

beca

use

of in

dependent ro

undin

g.

T

able

5a. --

Est

imate

d c

oal r

eso

urc

es

of th

e R

ider

Wyo

dak

coal b

eds

(Cate

gory

1 r

est

rict

ions)

in

the H

ilight 7.5

-min

ute

quadra

ngle

, C

am

pbell

County

, W

yom

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in thousa

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R

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S LA

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in thousa

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um

of co

mponents

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dependent ro

undin

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Est

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of th

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in thousa

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dependent ro

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67 0 3

1,8

65 31,8

65 0 0

0 0

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84 45,4

84

T

OT

AL

0-3

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05 1

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78 6,5

48 7

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5,9

97 26,7

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50 35,7

45

300-1

000 0 2,8

95 2

,895 0 1

5,6

85 15,6

85 0 4

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0 0

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85 60,2

85

>

1000 0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

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T

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78 2

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30

A

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0-3

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0 4

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300-1

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7 2

3,5

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>

1000 0

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tota

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: T

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not equal s

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of co

mponents

beca

use

of in

dependent ro

undin

g.

T

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6b. --

Est

imate

d r

em

ain

ing c

oal r

eso

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of th

e L

ow

er

Wyo

dak

coal b

eds

unava

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due to

LA

ND

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E r

est

rict

ions

(Cate

gory

1 r

est

rict

ions)

in the H

ilight 7.5

-min

ute

quadra

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am

pb

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County

, W

yom

ing

(

in thousa

nds

of sh

ort

tons)

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eso

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es

are

subdiv

ided in

to c

ate

gories

of ove

rburd

en thic

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(0-3

00 ft, 3

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nd >

1000 ft)

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al t

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kness

(3-5

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, and r

elia

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ty o

f est

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(m

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dic

ate

d, in

ferr

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and h

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al).

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28 2,3

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: T

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not equal s

um

of co

mponents

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use

of in

dependent ro

undin

g.

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able

6c.

--

Est

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ing c

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of th

e L

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dak

coal b

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due to

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, C

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in thousa

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to c

ate

gories

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(0-3

00 ft, 3

00-1

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nd >

1000 ft)

, co

al t

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(3-5

ft and 5

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, and r

elia

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ty o

f est

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um

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of in

dependent ro

undin

g.

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7a. --

Est

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of th

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Cate

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1 r

est

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in thousa

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>

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T

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>

1000 3

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of co

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use

of in

dependent ro

undin

g.

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able

7b. --

Est

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of th

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ildca

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in thousa

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, and r

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ferr

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use

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ate

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in thousa

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al t

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and h

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: T

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not equal s

um

of co

mponents

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use

of in

dependent ro

undin

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8a. --

Est

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d c

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of th

e M

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al b

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Cate

gory

1 r

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ions)

in

the H

ilight 7.5

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pbell

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(

in thousa

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1000 15,0

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49

>

1000 15,0

67 1

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62 3

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96 6

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63 96,0

59 4,4

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0 50,0

93 95,7

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55

T

OT

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42 3

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72 61,5

14 4

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70 0 0 0

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15

>

1000 9

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29 3

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0 2

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T

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97 3

,337 461 1,2

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0 3

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T

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300-1

000 0 673 6

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90

>

1000 15,0

67 1

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62 3

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96 6

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63 96,0

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55

T

OT

AL 15,0

67 2

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68 35,5

35 3

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78 7

2,7

44 1

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33 1

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55 18,6

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78 1

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67 1

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T

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300-1

000 238 680 9

18 585 7,3

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07

>

1000 15,0

67 1

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95 34,8

62 3

0,5

96 6

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63 96,0

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30 1

0,5

04 14,9

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93 95,7

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55

T

OT

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75 35,7

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62

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300-1

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>

1000 0

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Less

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N

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: T

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ay

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of co

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use

of in

dependent ro

undin

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Est

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d r

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of th

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E r

est

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in the H

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(

in thousa

nds

of sh

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tons)

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eso

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are

subdiv

ided in

to c

ate

gories

of ove

rburd

en thic

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(0-3

00 ft, 3

00-1

000 ft, a

nd >

1000 ft)

, co

al t

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kness

(3-5

ft and 5

-40 ft)

, and r

elia

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ty o

f est

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(m

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dic

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d, in

ferr

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and h

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--

----

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ssarily

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double

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Note

: T

ota

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ay

not equal s

um

of co

mponents

beca

use

of in

dependent ro

undin

g.

T

able

8c.

--

Est

imate

d r

em

ain

ing c

oal r

eso

urc

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of th

e M

oye

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al b

ed u

nava

ilabl

e d

ue to

T

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rest

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(Cate

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1 r

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in the H

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quadra

ngle

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County

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in thousa

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subdiv

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to c

ate

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of ove

rburd

en thic

kness

(0-3

00 ft, 3

00-1

000 ft, a

nd >

1000 ft)

, co

al t

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(3-5

ft and 5

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, and r

elia

bili

ty o

f est

imate

(m

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dic

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ferr

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and h

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0 673 6

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5,0

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9,7

95 34,8

62 3

0,5

96 6

5,4

63 96,0

59 4,4

30 1

0,5

04 14,9

34 0 0

0 50,0

93 95,7

62 1

45,8

55

T

ota

l**

15,0

67 1

9,7

95 34,8

62 3

0,5

96 6

5,4

63 96,0

59 4,4

30 1

0,5

04 14,9

34 0 0

0 50,0

93 95,7

62 1

45,8

55

TO

TA

L O

il and g

as

wells

5,5

33 7,1

95 12,7

28 1

6,3

01 2

7,5

88 43,8

89 1,5

49 4,4

09 5

,958 0 0

0 23,3

83 39,1

92 62,5

75

T

oo d

eep 1

5,0

67 1

9,7

95 34,8

62 3

0,5

96 6

5,4

63 96,0

59 4,4

30 1

0,5

04 14,9

34 0 0

0 50,0

93 95,7

62 1

45,8

55

T

ota

l**

15,0

67 2

0,4

68 35,5

35 3

0,9

78 7

2,7

44 1

03,7

22 4,4

33 1

4,2

55 18,6

88 0 0

0 50,4

78 1

07,4

67 1

57,9

45

* Less

than 1

, not in

cluded in

tota

ls.

** N

ot nece

ssarily

sum

. C

alc

ula

ted s

epara

tely

to a

void

double

countin

g o

f ove

rlappin

g r

est

rict

ions.

Note

: T

ota

ls m

ay

not equal s

um

of co

mponents

beca

use

of in

dependent ro

undin

g.

T

able

9a. --

Est

imate

d c

oal r

eso

urc

es

of th

e M

ain

Wyo

dak

coal b

ed (

Cate

gory

2 r

est

rict

ions)

in

the H

ilight 7.5

-min

ute

quadra

ngle

, C

am

pbell

County

, W

yom

ing

(

in thousa

nds

of sh

ort

tons)

R

eso

urc

es

are

subdiv

ided in

to c

ate

gories

of ove

rburd

en thic

kness

(0-3

00 ft, 3

00-1

000 ft, a

nd >

1000

ft)

, co

al t

hic

kness

(5-4

0 ft and >

40 ft)

, and r

elia

bili

ty o

f est

imate

(m

easu

red, in

dic

ate

d, in

ferr

ed, and h

ypoth

etic

al).

M

EA

SU

RE

D IN

DIC

AT

ED

IN

FE

RR

ED

H

YP

OT

HE

TIC

AL

T

OT

AL

5-4

0 >

40 T

OT

AL 5

-40 >

40 T

OT

AL 5

-40 >

40 T

OT

AL 5

-40 >

40 T

OT

AL 5-4

0 >

40 T

OT

AL

--

----

----

----

----

----

-- --

----

----

----

----

----

-- --

----

----

----

----

----

-- --

----

----

----

----

---

---

--

----

----

----

----

----

---

O

RIG

INA

L 0-3

00 4

13,3

52 146,9

79 5

60,3

31 424,9

41 679,6

20 1,1

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60 3

5,5

94 113,4

93 1

49,0

87 0 0

0

8

73,8

87 940,0

92 1,8

13,9

70

300-1

000 6,5

96 156,1

09 1

62,7

05 2

6,4

73 704,5

33 731,0

06 824 159,2

39 1

60,0

63 0 0

0

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93 1,0

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80 1,0

53,7

70

>

1000 0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0

0

0

0

0

0

T

OT

AL 4

19,9

48 303,0

88 7

23,0

36 451,4

14 1,3

84,1

00 1,8

35,5

60 3

6,4

18 272,7

32 3

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50 0 0

0

9

07,7

80 1,9

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70 2,8

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50

M

INE

D O

UT

** S

UR

FA

CE

300-1

000 0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

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OT

AL 0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

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EE

P 300-1

000 0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

>

1000 0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

T

OT

AL 0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

T

OT

AL

300-1

000 0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

>

1000 0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

T

OT

AL 0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

R

EM

AIN

ING

0-3

00 4

13,3

52 146,9

79 5

60,3

31 424,9

41 679,6

20 1,1

04,5

60 3

5,5

94 113,4

93 1

49,0

87 0

0

0 8

73,8

87 940,0

92 1,8

13,9

70

300-1

000 6,5

96 156,1

09 1

62,7

05 2

6,4

73 704,5

33 731,0

06 824 159,2

39 1

60,0

63 0

0

0 33,8

93 1,0

19,8

80 1,0

53,7

70

>

1000 0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

T

OT

AL 4

19,9

48 303,0

88 7

23,0

36 451,4

14 1,3

84,1

00 1,8

35,5

60 3

6,4

18 272,7

32 3

09,1

50 0

0

0 9

07,7

80 1,9

59,9

70 2,8

67,7

50

R

ES

TR

ICT

ION

S LA

ND

-US

E 0-3

00 72,1

79 4

4,7

68 1

16,9

47 7

8,7

71 136,9

12 2

15,6

83 5,3

47 2

1,0

42 26,3

89 0 0

0 1

56,2

97 2

02,7

22 3

59,0

19

300-1

000 0 4

8,1

47 48,1

47 6,4

51 164,1

69 1

70,6

20 490 2

5,7

06 26,1

96 0 0

0 6

,941 2

38,0

22 2

44,9

63

>

1000 0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

T

OT

AL 72,1

79 9

2,9

15 1

65,0

94 8

5,2

22 301,0

81 3

86,3

03 5,8

37 4

6,7

48 52,5

85 0 0

0 1

63,2

38 4

40,7

44 6

03,9

82

T

EC

HN

OLO

GIC

300-1

000 0 0 0

0 2,9

76 2

,976 0 455 4

55 0 0

0 0

3

,431 3

,431

>

1000 0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

T

OT

AL 0

0 0

0 2,9

76 2

,976 0 455 4

55 0 0

0 0

3

,431 3

,431

T

OT

AL

0-3

00 72,1

79 4

4,7

68 1

16,9

47 7

8,7

71 136,9

12 2

15,6

83 5,3

47 2

1,0

42 26,3

89 0 0

0 1

56,2

97 2

02,7

22 3

59,0

19

300-1

000 0 4

8,1

47 48,1

47 6,4

51 166,2

73 1

72,7

24 490 2

6,1

62 26,6

52 0 0

0 6

,941 2

40,5

82 2

47,5

23

>

1000 0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

T

OT

AL 72,1

79 9

2,9

15 1

65,0

94 8

5,2

22 303,1

85 3

88,4

07 5,8

37 4

7,2

04 53,0

41 0 0

0 1

63,2

38 4

43,3

04 6

06,5

42

A

VA

ILA

BLE

0-3

00 3

41,1

73 102,2

11 4

43,3

84 346,1

69 542,7

08 888,8

77 3

0,2

47 9

2,4

50 1

22,6

97 0 0

0 7

17,5

89 737,3

69 1,4

54,9

50

300-1

000 6,5

96 107,9

62 1

14,5

58 2

0,0

21 538,2

59 558,2

80 333 133,0

76 1

33,4

09 0 0

0 26,9

50 779,2

97 806,2

47

>

1000 0

0 0

0 0 0

0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

T

OT

AL 3

47,7

69 210,1

73 5

57,9

42 366,1

90 1,0

80,9

00 1,4

47,1

50 3

0,5

80 225,5

26 2

56,1

06 0 0

0 7

44,5

39 1,5

16,6

60 2,2

61,2

00

*

Less

than 1

, not in

cluded in

tota

ls.

**

M

ined a

nd lo

st-in-m

inin

g, by

surf

ace

and d

eep m

inin

g m

eth

ods.

N

ote

: T

ota

ls m

ay

not equal s

um

of co

mponents

beca

use

of in

dependent ro

undin

g.

T

able

9b. --

Est

imate

d r

em

ain

ing c

oal r

eso

urc

es

of th

e M

ain

Wyo

dak

coal b

ed u

nava

ilable

due to

LA

ND

-US

E r

est

rict

ions

(Cate

gory

2 r

est

rict

ions)

in the H

ilight 7.5

-min

ute

quadra

ngle

, C

am

pb

ell

County

, W

yom

ing

(

in thousa

nds

of sh

ort

tons)

R

eso

urc

es

are

subdiv

ided in

to c

ate

gories

of ove

rburd

en thic

kness

(0-3

00 ft, 3

00-1

000 ft, a

nd >

1000 ft)

, co

al t

hic

kness

(5-4

0 ft and >

40 ft)

, and r

elia

bili

ty o

f est

imate

(m

easu

red, in

dic

ate

d, in

ferr

ed,

and h

ypoth

etic

al).

M

EA

SU

RE

D IN

DIC

AT

ED

IN

FE

RR

ED

H

YP

OT

HE

TIC

AL

T

OT

AL

5-4

0 >

40 T

OT

AL 5

-40 >

40 T

OT

AL 5

-40 >

40 T

OT

AL 5

-40 >

40 T

OT

AL 5-4

0 >

40 T

OT

AL

--

----

----

----

----

----

-- --

----

----

----

----

----

-- --

----

----

----

----

----

-- --

----

----

----

----

---

---

--

----

----

----

----

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---

0-3

00

Allu

vial v

alle

y flo

o 5,7

68 0 5

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0 0 0

0 0

0 5

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5

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welli

ngs

8

41 0 8

41 674 547 1

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0 0

0 1

,515 5

47 2

,062

Inact

ive o

il and g

as

1

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,348 3,1

90 2,3

93 5

,583 162 547 7

09 0 0

0 4

,929 3

,711 8

,640

P

ipelin

es

36,3

65 3

5,0

15 71,3

80 4

1,2

87 113,6

42 1

54,9

29 2,4

36 2

1,0

42 23,4

78 0 0

0 80,0

88 1

69,6

99 2

49,7

87

R

apto

r si

tes

32,3

94 1

3,5

87 45,9

81 3

9,7

49 2

6,4

42 66,1

91 3,2

34 0 3

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0 75,3

77 40,0

29 1

15,4

06

T

ota

l**

72,1

79 4

4,7

68 1

16,9

47 7

8,7

71 136,9

12 2

15,6

83 5,3

47 2

1,0

42 26,3

89 0 0

0 1

56,2

97 2

02,7

22 3

59,0

19

300-1

000

Allu

vial v

alle

y flo

o 0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

D

welli

ngs

0

1,1

52 1

,152 170 2,8

00 2

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0 0

0 1

70 3

,952 4

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Inact

ive o

il and g

as

0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

P

ipelin

es

0

3

7,2

29 37,2

29 3,4

80 112,2

40 1

15,7

20 324 2

1,1

12 21,4

36 0 0

0 3

,804 1

70,5

81 1

74,3

85

R

apto

r si

tes

0

1

3,6

26 13,6

26 4,0

98 6

0,5

42 64,6

40 490 4,5

93 5

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0 4

,588 78,7

61 83,3

49

T

ota

l**

0

4

8,1

47 48,1

47 6,4

51 164,1

69 1

70,6

20 490 2

5,7

06 26,1

96 0 0

0 6

,941 2

38,0

22 2

44,9

63

>1000

Allu

vial v

alle

y flo

o 0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

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welli

ngs

0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

Inact

ive o

il and g

as

0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

P

ipelin

es

0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

R

apto

r si

tes

0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

T

ota

l**

0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

TO

TA

LA

lluvi

al v

alle

y flo

o 5,7

68 0 5

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0 0 0

0 0

0 5

,768 0

5

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D

welli

ngs

8

41 1,1

52 1

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47 4

,191 0 0 0

0 0

0 1

,685 4

,499 6

,184

Inact

ive o

il and g

as

1

,577 771 2

,348 3,1

90 2,3

93 5

,583 162 547 7

09 0 0

0 4

,929 3

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,640

P

ipelin

es

36,3

65 7

2,2

44 1

08,6

09 4

4,7

67 225,8

82 2

70,6

49 2,7

60 4

2,1

54 44,9

14 0 0

0 83,8

92 3

40,2

80 4

24,1

72

R

apto

r si

tes

32,3

94 2

7,2

13 59,6

07 4

3,8

47 8

6,9

84 1

30,8

31 3,7

24 4,5

93 8

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0 79,9

65 1

18,7

90 1

98,7

55

T

ota

l**

72,1

79 9

2,9

15 1

65,0

94 8

5,2

22 301,0

81 3

86,3

03 5,8

37 4

6,7

48 52,5

85 0 0

0 1

63,2

38 4

40,7

44 6

03,9

82

* Less

than 1

, not in

cluded in

tota

ls.

** N

ot nece

ssarily

sum

. C

alc

ula

ted s

epara

tely

to a

void

double

countin

g o

f ove

rlappin

g r

est

rict

ions.

Note

: T

ota

ls m

ay

not equal s

um

of co

mponents

beca

use

of in

dependent ro

undin

g.

T

able

9c.

--

Est

imate

d r

em

ain

ing c

oal r

eso

urc

es

of th

e M

ain

Wyo

dak

coal b

ed u

nava

ilable

due to

T

EC

HN

OLO

GIC

rest

rict

ions

(Cate

gory

2 r

est

rict

ions)

in the H

ilight 7.5

-min

ute

quadra

ngle

, C

am

pbell

County

, W

yom

ing

(

in thousa

nds

of sh

ort

tons)

R

eso

urc

es

are

subdiv

ided in

to c

ate

gories

of ove

rburd

en thic

kness

(0-3

00 ft, 3

00-1

000 ft, a

nd >

1000 ft)

, co

al t

hic

kness

(5-4

0 ft and >

40 ft)

, and r

elia

bili

ty o

f est

imate

(m

easu

red, in

dic

ate

d, in

ferr

ed,

and h

ypoth

etic

al).

M

EA

SU

RE

D IN

DIC

AT

ED

IN

FE

RR

ED

H

YP

OT

HE

TIC

AL

T

OT

AL

5-4

0 >

40 T

OT

AL 5

-40 >

40 T

OT

AL 5

-40 >

40 T

OT

AL 5

-40 >

40 T

OT

AL 5-4

0 >

40 T

OT

AL

--

----

----

----

----

----

-- --

----

----

----

----

----

-- --

----

----

----

----

----

-- --

----

----

----

----

---

---

--

----

----

----

----

----

---

0-3

00

Inact

ive o

il and g

as

0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

T

ota

l**

0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

300-1

000

Inact

ive o

il and g

as

0

0 0

0 2,9

76 2

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55 0 0

0 0

3

,431 3

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T

ota

l**

0

0 0

0 2,9

76 2

,976 0 455 4

55 0 0

0 0

3

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>1000

Inact

ive o

il and g

as

0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

T

ota

l**

0

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0

0

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TA

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act

ive o

il and g

as

0

0 0

0 2,9

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0 0

3

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l**

0

0 0

0 2,9

76 2

,976 0 455 4

55 0 0

0 0

3

,431 3

,431

* Less

than 1

, not in

cluded in

tota

ls.

** N

ot nece

ssarily

sum

. C

alc

ula

ted s

epara

tely

to a

void

double

countin

g o

f ove

rlappin

g r

est

rict

ions.

Note

: T

ota

ls m

ay

not equal s

um

of co

mponents

beca

use

of in

dependent ro

undin

g.

T

able

10a. --

Est

imate

d c

oal r

eso

urc

es

of th

e R

ider

Wyo

dak

coal b

eds

(Cate

gory

2 r

est

rict

ions)

in

the H

ilight 7.5

-min

ute

quadra

ngle

, C

am

pbell

County

, W

yom

ing

(

in thousa

nds

of sh

ort

tons)

R

eso

urc

es

are

subdiv

ided in

to c

ate

gories

of ove

rburd

en thic

kness

(0-3

00 ft, 3

00-1

000 ft, a

nd >

1000

ft)

, co

al t

hic

kness

(3-5

ft and 5

-40 ft)

, and r

elia

bili

ty o

f est

imate

(m

easu

red, in

dic

ate

d, in

ferr

ed, and h

ypoth

etic

al).

M

EA

SU

RE

D IN

DIC

AT

ED

IN

FE

RR

ED

H

YP

OT

HE

TIC

AL

T

OT

AL

3-5

5-4

0 T

OT

AL 3

-5 5-4

0 T

OT

AL 3

-5 5-4

0 T

OT

AL 3

-5 5-4

0 T

OT

AL 3-5

5

-40 T

OT

AL

--

----

----

----

----

----

-- --

----

----

----

----

----

-- --

----

----

----

----

----

-- --

----

----

----

----

---

---

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Less

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N

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ay

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use

of in

dependent ro

undin

g.

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11b. --

Est

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d r

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ain

ing c

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of th

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dak

coal b

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unava

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gory

2 r

est

rict

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in the H

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quadra

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am

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County

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ing

(

in thousa

nds

of sh

ort

tons)

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subdiv

ided in

to c

ate

gories

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nd >

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al t

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(3-5

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, and r

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ty o

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and h

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um

of co

mponents

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use

of in

dependent ro

undin

g.

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11c.

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Est

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ing c

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of th

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in thousa

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to c

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gories

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>

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12b. --

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ay

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um

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use

of in

dependent ro

undin

g.

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able

12c.

--

Est

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d r

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ing c

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of th

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, W

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(

in thousa

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are

subdiv

ided in

to c

ate

gories

of ove

rburd

en thic

kness

(0-3

00 ft, 3

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nd >

1000 ft)

, co

al t

hic

kness

(3-5

ft and 5

-40 ft)

, and r

elia

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ty o

f est

imate

(m

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dic

ate

d, in

ferr

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and h

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: T

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ay

not equal s

um

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mponents

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use

of in

dependent ro

undin

g.

T

able

13a. --

Est

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d c

oal r

eso

urc

es

of th

e M

oye

r co

al b

ed (

Cate

gory

2 r

est

rict

ions)

in

the H

ilight 7.5

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quadra

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, C

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pbell

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(

in thousa

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tons)

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to c

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gories

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nd >

1000

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al t

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, and r

elia

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ty o

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ate

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al).

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>

1000 15,0

67 1

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>

1000 5

,655 4,8

73 10,5

28 6,0

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300-1

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>

1000 15,0

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96 6

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55

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18

T

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300-1

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80

>

1000 15,0

67 1

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62 3

0,5

96 6

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>

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Less

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Est

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(

in thousa

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subdiv

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to c

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of ove

rburd

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00 ft, 3

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nd >

1000 ft)

, co

al t

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, and r

elia

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ty o

f est

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dic

ate

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ferr

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and h

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----

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double

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: T

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use

of in

dependent ro

undin

g.

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13c.

--

Est

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Documents

Coal availability in the Hilight quadrangle, Powder River Basin ...stone Coal Industry Manual, 1997, p. 730). All the coal mines in the Powder River Basin are surface mines. The Wyoming