Coalition Agents eXperiment (CoAX)Coalition Agents eXperiment (CoAX)The Coalition TIEThe Coalition TIE

http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/project/coax/http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/project/coax/

AFRL Rome, AIAI, Boeing, Dartmouth, DERA Malvern, AFRL Rome, AIAI, Boeing, Dartmouth, DERA Malvern, Lockheed Martin ATL, Michigan, MIT Sloan, Stanford, USC/ISILockheed Martin ATL, Michigan, MIT Sloan, Stanford, USC/ISI

Support from GITI, ISX, MitreSupport from GITI, ISX, Mitre

Supported by

DARPA CoABS Program

DARPADARPA

CoAX/Briefing/3

ScopeScope

Coalition TIECoalition TIE Coalition Scenario - BinniCoalition Scenario - Binni Technical ApproachTechnical Approach Initial DemonstrationInitial Demonstration Plans and TimescalesPlans and Timescales Management PlanManagement Plan SummarySummary

CoAX/Briefing/4

Coalition TIE OverviewCoalition TIE Overview

Aim of demonstrations is to show:Aim of demonstrations is to show: interoperability between Coalition applications and interoperability between Coalition applications and

information services (via the DARPA CoABS Grid) information services (via the DARPA CoABS Grid) by using a heterogeneous agent community in by using a heterogeneous agent community in multiple distinct “domains”.multiple distinct “domains”.

Aim will be met through a number of phased Aim will be met through a number of phased technical demonstrations of increasing technical demonstrations of increasing complexity.complexity.

CoAX/Briefing/5

Coalition Scenario FeaturesCoalition Scenario Features Different doctrine, decision making, rules of engagement Different doctrine, decision making, rules of engagement

and, in general, mission “agendas”.and, in general, mission “agendas”. Different technology skill and equipment levels.Different technology skill and equipment levels. Different cultures and languages.Different cultures and languages. Questionable compatibility of respective national Questionable compatibility of respective national

information systems.information systems. Limited models for coalition force operations.Limited models for coalition force operations. Command authorities - agreement and transfers.Command authorities - agreement and transfers. Variable reliability of components and infrastructures.Variable reliability of components and infrastructures. Information systems resource sharing agreements and Information systems resource sharing agreements and

capacity.capacity. Different interpretation of situational information.Different interpretation of situational information. Lack of compatible security architectures.Lack of compatible security architectures.

From LeRoy Pearce (Canadian MOD), 1999

CoAX/Briefing/6

Binni - Gateway to the Golden Binni - Gateway to the Golden Bowl of Africa - 2011Bowl of Africa - 2011

Rathmell, R.A. (1999) A Coalition Force Scenario 'Binni - Gateway to the Golden Bowl of Africa', inProceedings of the International Workshop on Knowledge-Based Planning for Coalition Forces,

(ed. Tate, A.) pp. 115-125, Edinburgh, Scotland, 10th-11th May 1999.

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Key Technical DriversKey Technical Drivers

Working with agents in multiple dynamic domains.Working with agents in multiple dynamic domains. Need for partial sharing of data and facilities.Need for partial sharing of data and facilities. Cannot assume compatibility or complete reliability of Cannot assume compatibility or complete reliability of

functional capabilities, communications, security functional capabilities, communications, security arrangements or information resources.arrangements or information resources.

Need to integrate and use legacy systems.Need to integrate and use legacy systems. Need for rapid formation and management of agent Need for rapid formation and management of agent

relationships.relationships. Need to respect national concerns, limitations, cultural Need to respect national concerns, limitations, cultural

and political differences, etc.and political differences, etc. Unclear and/or emerging objectives and tasking.Unclear and/or emerging objectives and tasking.

CoAX/Briefing/8

Research IssuesResearch Issues

Agent Domain Management.Agent Domain Management. Dynamic agent organization formation and Dynamic agent organization formation and

management.management. Inter-agent Task and Process Management.Inter-agent Task and Process Management. ““Come as you are” capabilities and data sources.Come as you are” capabilities and data sources. Detection and diagnosis of agent compatibility Detection and diagnosis of agent compatibility

problems, protocol violations and other exceptions.problems, protocol violations and other exceptions. Partial (secure) sharing of capabilities and information.Partial (secure) sharing of capabilities and information. Shared and local visualizations for processes and Shared and local visualizations for processes and

information.information.

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Technical ApproachTechnical Approach

LAN

LAN

LANGrid CoABS GridCoABS Grid(DARPA)(DARPA)

Grid-Aware Agent FrameworksGrid-Aware Agent FrameworksEMAA/CAST Agents (LM ATL)EMAA/CAST Agents (LM ATL)KAoS Agents (Boeing)KAoS Agents (Boeing)

CoABS Grid ServicesCoABS Grid ServicesDomain Management Services (Boeing)Domain Management Services (Boeing)Task and Process Management (AIAI)Task and Process Management (AIAI)Incentive Management (Stanford)Incentive Management (Stanford)Robustness Services (MIT)Robustness Services (MIT)

Agent-Wrapped CapabilitiesAgent-Wrapped CapabilitiesMBP (DERA)MBP (DERA)CAMPS (AFRL)CAMPS (AFRL)Multi-level Coordination (Michigan)Multi-level Coordination (Michigan)Intelligence Agent (Dartmouth)Intelligence Agent (Dartmouth)Legacy Applications (LM ATL, others)Legacy Applications (LM ATL, others)

Agent-Wrapped Data SourcesAgent-Wrapped Data SourcesAODB and other DBs (LM ATL)AODB and other DBs (LM ATL)Ariadne (USC/ISI)Ariadne (USC/ISI)Other DBs...Other DBs...

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Multiple Areas of ConcernsMultiple Areas of Concerns

Coalition

UK

X-CountryFunction(e.g. intelligence)

USSub-US

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Dynamic Domain ManagementDynamic Domain Management

Country X Domain Country Y Domain

Coalition Domain

Subdomain A Subdomain B

1. Islands of Common Policy2. Points of Common Administration

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Demo ArrangementsDemo Arrangements

Narrator

New DomainRepresentative

MBP Copy?

Ariadne Info 4

CoalitionCommander

Ariadne Info 3

MCA

USRepresentative

CAMPS

Intell. Agent

CAST/EMAA

Ariadne Info 2

UKRepresentative

MBP

Ariadne Info 1

Domain ManagementTask & Process Management

Incentives ManagementRobustness Services

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Month 1 - Initial DemoMonth 1 - Initial Demo

Demonstration involves AFRL Rome, DERA Malvern and Demonstration involves AFRL Rome, DERA Malvern and LM ATL and is a first (risk reduction) step toward CoAX.LM ATL and is a first (risk reduction) step toward CoAX.

Demo shows legacy applications can be usefully Demo shows legacy applications can be usefully integrated into an agent framework.integrated into an agent framework.

LAN

LAN

LANGrid

CoABS GridCoABS Grid

EMAA / CASTEMAA / CASTAgentsAgents

(LM ATL, US)(LM ATL, US)

AODBAODB

Master Battle Planner v2.1Master Battle Planner v2.1(DERA, UK)(DERA, UK)

MBP Situation Map (Blue View)MBP Situation Map (Blue View)

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CoAX Management PlanCoAX Management Plan 4 phased demos – 1, 9, 18 and 30 months.4 phased demos – 1, 9, 18 and 30 months. 4 grid management services being explored:4 grid management services being explored:

Domain Management;Domain Management; Task and Process Management;Task and Process Management; Robustness and Exception Management;Robustness and Exception Management; Incentives Management.Incentives Management.

3 types of involvement in TIE:3 types of involvement in TIE: Coalition-driven Management Services – AIAI, Boeing, DERA, Coalition-driven Management Services – AIAI, Boeing, DERA,

MIT, Stanford;MIT, Stanford; Coalition-driven Capabilities – AFRL, Dartmouth, DERA, LM Coalition-driven Capabilities – AFRL, Dartmouth, DERA, LM

ATL, Michigan, USC/ISI;ATL, Michigan, USC/ISI; Coalition Scenario Usage – others.Coalition Scenario Usage – others.

Buddy System.Buddy System. 18 month demo is a focal point to engage other nations 18 month demo is a focal point to engage other nations

and research teams.and research teams.

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Plans and TimescalesPlans and Timescales

February 2000 (Month 1) - Initial AFRL/DERA/LM ATL demo.February 2000 (Month 1) - Initial AFRL/DERA/LM ATL demo. July 2000 (Month 6) - AFRL, AIAI, Boeing, DERA and LM ATL July 2000 (Month 6) - AFRL, AIAI, Boeing, DERA and LM ATL

agents working together on the CoABS grid via KAoS on a agents working together on the CoABS grid via KAoS on a simple agent task. Multiple domain design document. simple agent task. Multiple domain design document. Scenario description.Scenario description.

October 2000 (Month 9) - Demo incorporating MBP, October 2000 (Month 9) - Demo incorporating MBP, EMAA/CAST, CAMPS and Ariadne.EMAA/CAST, CAMPS and Ariadne.

July 2001 (Month 18) - Coalition scenario demo with fixed July 2001 (Month 18) - Coalition scenario demo with fixed domains to CoABS and TTCP Representatives.domains to CoABS and TTCP Representatives.

July 2002 (Month 30) - Larger scale demo with more July 2002 (Month 30) - Larger scale demo with more domains and agents including dynamic domain domains and agents including dynamic domain management and dynamic tasking.management and dynamic tasking.

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Planned InputsPlanned Inputs

February 2000 (Month 1) - AFRL, DERA, LM ATL responsible February 2000 (Month 1) - AFRL, DERA, LM ATL responsible for demo.for demo.

July 2000 (Month 6) – All participants have provided input to July 2000 (Month 6) – All participants have provided input to scenario, all participants in month 9 demo are “on-the-grid”.scenario, all participants in month 9 demo are “on-the-grid”.

October 2000 (Month 9) – AFRL, AIAI, Boeing, DERA, LM ATL, October 2000 (Month 9) – AFRL, AIAI, Boeing, DERA, LM ATL, USC/ISI responsible for core demo. Michigan, MIT and USC/ISI responsible for core demo. Michigan, MIT and Stanford provide “on-the-grid” add-on demos and Stanford provide “on-the-grid” add-on demos and storyboards in agreed coalition scenario.storyboards in agreed coalition scenario.

July 2001 (Month 18) – All current participants in joint demo. July 2001 (Month 18) – All current participants in joint demo. July 2002 (Month 30) – Possible participation of other nations July 2002 (Month 30) – Possible participation of other nations

(especially TTCP) and CoABS participants.(especially TTCP) and CoABS participants.

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Further InformationFurther Information

See http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/project/coax/See http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/project/coax/ coax@aiai.ed.ac.uk, coax-info@aiai.ed.ac.ukcoax@aiai.ed.ac.uk, coax-info@aiai.ed.ac.uk Outstanding Issues follow.Outstanding Issues follow. Spare slides.Spare slides.

CoAX/Briefing/19

CoAX Outstanding IssuesCoAX Outstanding Issues

Mike Kirton suggests that we seek to relate the Mike Kirton suggests that we seek to relate the list of coalition and technical objectives to the list of coalition and technical objectives to the specific demonstrations we plan.specific demonstrations we plan.

Mike Kirton notes that discussion in the TIE is Mike Kirton notes that discussion in the TIE is needed to establish how the scenario maps to I-X needed to establish how the scenario maps to I-X and that maps to KAoS Domain Management.and that maps to KAoS Domain Management.

CoAX/Briefing/20

Types of Involvement in TIETypes of Involvement in TIE Task management servicesTask management services

Task and process management (AIAI)Task and process management (AIAI) Incentive management (Stanford)Incentive management (Stanford)

Agent management servicesAgent management services Domain management (Boeing)Domain management (Boeing) Robustness (MIT)Robustness (MIT)

Agent-management-aware capabilitiesAgent-management-aware capabilities MBP (DERA)MBP (DERA) CAMPS (AFRL)CAMPS (AFRL) Ariadne (USC/ISI)Ariadne (USC/ISI)

Other CapabilitiesOther Capabilities Ariadne (USC/ISI) – unmodifiedAriadne (USC/ISI) – unmodified EMAA/CAST (LM-ATL)EMAA/CAST (LM-ATL) O-Plan (AIAI)O-Plan (AIAI) Multi-level Coordination Agent (Michigan)Multi-level Coordination Agent (Michigan) Intelligence Agent (Dartmouth)Intelligence Agent (Dartmouth)

CoAX/Briefing/21

LAN

LAN

LANGrid

Agent-Management-Aware Agent-Management-Aware Services StructureServices Structure

Agent Management Helper

AgentAgent Capability

Agent Management Services provider

Service requester

“Come-as-you-are”

Agent

CoAX/Briefing/22

LAN

LAN

LANGrid

Jeff’s Slide for Conceptual Jeff’s Slide for Conceptual ArchitectureArchitecture

Agent Management Helper

Agent

Task- and Agent-Management-Aware Agent CapabilitiesCombined with Human Capabilities

Agent Management Services functionality

Service provider

Service requester

Agent Task Management Services functionality

Service provider

Service requester

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Austin’s Slide for Conceptual Austin’s Slide for Conceptual ArchitectureArchitecture

Coalition Scenario

KAoS

I-X

Grid Infrastructure

Grid ManagementServices

Task and ProcessManagement

Domain Management

Control and Incentives

Robustness and Exceptions

Ariadne

CAST

CAMPS

MBP

O-Plan

Grid-AwareCapabilities

Intell.

MCA

AIAI

Boeing

Stanford

MIT

USC/ISI

AIAI

DERA

AFRL/BBN

LM ATL

Michigan

Dartmouth

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Agent Activity TriggersAgent Activity Triggers

Examples of situations which will trigger the Examples of situations which will trigger the need for information exchange by the agents need for information exchange by the agents include:include: User checks to see if air units are over tasked,User checks to see if air units are over tasked, Arrival of new information on the location / status Arrival of new information on the location / status

of a SAM site,of a SAM site, User creates a new package / mission and needs User creates a new package / mission and needs

to know whether Coalition assets are available,to know whether Coalition assets are available, Changes to plan details have to be disseminated Changes to plan details have to be disseminated

to Coalition National HQs, wings, units etc,to Coalition National HQs, wings, units etc, User checks to see if missions have completed User checks to see if missions have completed

their tasks.their tasks.

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Agent Activity - InformationAgent Activity - Information

Examples of information to be collected, Examples of information to be collected, transformed and exchanged by the agents transformed and exchanged by the agents includes:includes: Entity attributes:Entity attributes:

Location, status.Location, status. Co-ordination information:Co-ordination information:

Timing - e.g. mission critical points (waypoints),Timing - e.g. mission critical points (waypoints), Membership of missions / packages,Membership of missions / packages, Current 'parent' unit, etcCurrent 'parent' unit, etc

'Bean counting':'Bean counting': Numbers over tasked, currently airborne etc,Numbers over tasked, currently airborne etc,

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AFRL/DERA/LM ATL DemoAFRL/DERA/LM ATL Demo(2)(2)

Scenario data – for target and asset data

Tanker Planning

Agent

The GRID

EMAA / CAST Agent

EMAA / CAST Agent

AODB

MBPProxyAgent DERA

TargetAgent

DERAAssetAgent

IntelligenceUpdateAgent

MBP Wrapper

MBP

JavaSpace

CoAX/Briefing/27

AFRL/DERA/LM ATL Demo AFRL/DERA/LM ATL Demo Situation at Day 3Situation at Day 3

TFM 95 TFM 95 Based at RAF Leuchars Based at RAF Leuchars Day 3 - 29th September Day 3 - 29th September

Overland offensive, IonaOverland offensive, Iona Mythical opponentMythical opponent UNCLASSIFIED data ...UNCLASSIFIED data ...

RAF Prestwick

Opponent's AirspaceOpponent's Airspace

Opponent's AirspaceOpponent's Airspace

RAF LeucharsFriendly AirspaceFriendly Airspace

FLOT

* This is an entirely mythical site / scenario

TFM is the Tactical Fighter Meet

TT

Iona ChemicalIona ChemicalStorage Area * Storage Area *