Coast Artillery Journal - Sep 1924

7/31/2019 Coast Artillery Journal - Sep 1924

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THE COAST ARTILLE(PUBLISHED AS THE JOURNAL UNITED STATES ARTIL

Copyrighted Monthly by The Coas

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1. REPORT DATE

SEP 19242. REPORT TYPE

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

The Coast Artillery Journal. Volume 61, Number 3, Sep

6 AUTHOR(S)


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The


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190 THE COAST ARTI

Theoretically the results should beWhy? Errors creep in. These er

a. Accidental errors.

b. Other errors which may b

(1) Constant (called system

(2) Varying (they mayor mll i i ifi


6/98

METHODS OF FIRE

6. In artillery fire we have two

a. Accidental errors.

b. Other errors due to:

(1) Personnel.

(2) Materiel.

(3) Basic firing data


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192 THE COAST AR

9. Paragraphs 7 and 8 providwhich may be followed to put

(for range) when the range dev

errors and, at the same time, t

the center of impact is due to

series of shots, we find that the


8/98

METHODS OF FI

each shot of the series, the recipro

of each shot. If this probable er

probable error of the determinatio

tained when we took the mean o

of the n shots. There naturally h h ld b fi d d i


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194 THE COAST ARTIL

each shot. By means of the mea

find:

a. The most probable value o

compensate for the constant error.

b. The probable error of any m

c. The probable error ofa.


10/98

METHODS OF FIRE

by .845. Now an approximation to

tained from : z (x-a); and if the arin

true value of the quantity whose mos

that is substituting the arithmetical

f th i t l f th


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196 THE COAST ARTIL

n 10 then ~1O = 3.2 andn 15 then ~~ =3.9 and

n 20 then ~W= 4.5 and

n = 25 then ~ z s - - = 5.0 and

n 40 then ~4() = 6 3 and


12/98

METHODS OF FIRE ADJU

the deviation with its sign changed as thtinue the process to n shots. The total

method after n shots is exactly the same

n shots with the same initial elevation a

deviations. This is shown by the follow

Let al, az, as .. an be the 1st, 2nd, 3


13/98

198 THE COAST A

a. By using the probability by step. (It might be one step.

b. By the trial shot method

what amounts to the same thin

tion method, called Whistler's R

c By combining at some st


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METHODS OF FIRE

target is then commenced. Ifgunrather large at long ranges and the

tions can be commenced. Plot the

paper, and stripping each deviatio

applied, plot also along the corresp

ballistic deviation. Whether or no


15/98

200 THE COAST ART

with which to commence a mortais met with (and it occasionally

be straddled by the salvos. If th

law becomes clear, the predictions f

be made on the range adjustme

retardation whose law is not clear


16/98

METHODS OF FIRE

flat correction throughout a zone is

follows from the abo~e that any frac

would be of no value as a flat cor

may be Coast Artillery stations wh

show the reverse of this to be true.

vestigation; and if true there is dem


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202 THE COAST ARTIL

ments) can be determined, applied

the fire can be adjusted by the sal

plotting the actual deviations of th

horizontal axis on cross section pap

of the adjustment corrections, the

zone will be apparent If the grap


18/98

METHODS OF FIRE

made so that a large part of the wusing ballistic wind data prepared fro

the firing, would be on hand and the

would be merely an index as to the

followed.


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Coast Artiller

By COLOXEL,V .

PRIOR to the World 'Yar, it w

Artillery to issue annually a


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206 THE COAST AR

special application. The Chief way:

While the underlying principles o

application may be difficult,especial

will be the general case with naval v

may frequently call for the exercise

rule of thumb Nevertheless certain


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COAST ARTILLER

OBSERVATION AND A

There has been considerable

officers about spotting, the valu

adjustment of fire. Some feel th

ting adjustment of fire to be mad

at moving targets They feel th


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208 THE COAST ARTI

the preparation and training fobservation, the result of the pra

commanders are alive to the nec

plane spotting, and where facilit

experiments along that line, and

In regard to the methods of


24/98

COAST ARTILLERY

I have stated that the correctifire is applied through the velocity

tion. This result follows, it is be

been determined by actual measure

a result of observation of fire at a

so applied. lVhen the velocity


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210 THE COAST AR

Considering the Method following are to be noted:

The fall of each shot must be ob

previous shots applied to each succeed

tial that the organization so firing be

that observation continue unobstructed

that there be sufficient time to permit


26/98

COAST ARTILLERY

Coast Artillery School will so pre

ciently handle any Coast Artillery

may be sent to duty with units ar

which Coast Artillery troops are

R. O. T. C. Unit, or National Gu

apparent that the responsibility fo

is very great Each officer at the


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The Functions of Co

Positive System

B


28/98

FUNCTIONS OF CO

COAST FORTIFICATIONS A COA

It is to the Coast Artillery

the Army must look for the tact

coast fortifications and their mis

But with the vague and conflic

today it cannot be expected th


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214 THE COAST AR

mISSIOnof the defending force

defensive position, that is to pre

tion of any .portion of the defen

fensive position may be establis

remote areas or for the tactical

the latter case, as in the defen

position is established sufficientl


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FUNCTIONS OF CO

assaults by the enemy main force

numerous possible methods of att

only by the resources, initiative

The defender, having surrendered

engage in combat at any instant

whose approach may threaten th

must halt their advance by the fir


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216 THE COAST AR

ment installed, and must be pro

emplacement of additional armam

of the defense of the coast is th

The installation of these fortifica

any particular branch, either act

branches. In the defensive com

of the assigned mission of the A


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FUNCTIONS OF C

attack against a coast, the navmost prominent part. The prim

vessels of various classes, batt

marines and such auxiliaries as

ports, etc. This change in the

attack compels a corresponding

elements of the defense This ch


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218 THE COAST AR

force to this terrain, in order toof the weapons of the defense.

installed for the emplacement o

protection of certain widely-sep

localities. These fortifications p

protected localities against vari

f h lf i i


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FUNCTIONS OF C

b. To attack enemy nava

against the protected localities

c. To attack enemy nava

point from which a landing ma

the defensive position.

d. To attack the princi


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Pistols and P

By MAJOR W. D


36/98

PISTOLS AND PISTOL

problems of wind, light, mirage, atmosph

enter into this form of shooting and hav

firing, then the game takes on a scientific

Shotgun target shooting at clay

undoubtedly the best exhibition of a h

form of shooting, showing a wonderful

l i hi h th l t f ti i


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222 THE COAST ART

these aids that when they were r

legs and shoot like a man" they

boats in a heav,:.' sea. Incidental

l\larksmen" made the Pistol Tea

many cases on record of men, w

shooting game have been able wit

ifl h ti i t k


38/98

PISTOLS AND PISTOL

and mind; further specific qualities physique, phlegmatic temperament, im

temperate habits and normal eyesight.

traits here enumerated would be an id

and develop into a pistol expert. Mo

attributes and still this lack should no


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224 THE COAST ARTIL

No one should buy his equipment knows what he wants. The initial

individual taste, but this is so in an

pays to buy cheap equipment.

Like selecting your first autom

pistol is difficult unless you know

f hi h i I


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l'ISTOLS AXil PISTOL SH

its advantages oyer the service pistol i

grip and balance, simplicity and safety. has the advantage of a greater number o

fire and permits the execution of more r

to the shooter. The recoil being- partially

of the automatic mechanism, there is I


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226 TilE COAST AH

weapons arc the best because o

vidual shooter and because of th

certain desirable features. There

one lIIust select the one which su

equation. The stock grips on m

average haml. The effect of we

d d h h i l d l


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PISTOLS AXil PIST

work in the hands of a good shot.

pistol team used this weapon exclu

maches of this year. The new Reis

ing pistol has several vcry goo

perfected to become a suitable pisto

For the man who desires to ta

h id f i li i i d lib ll


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228 THE COAST AUTI

fully observe the form and methods

After analyzing the different stylethe individual physique of the b

should be followed without mate

second nature to a ssume it. The

marily, shooting form, or in oth

Unless one takes a steady, comfo


44/98

PISTOLS AXD PISTO

still be well balanced and able to sh

person of slender frame attempt towith the sen'ice pistol out of doors

ing he would find himself much handic

tion and the hellYY recoil of the gun.

a position suitable for any style o

f d l i i l


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2:30 THE CO,\ST ART

muscles. A good natural, comfo

trouser pockct, or even in the hformer is preferable. The shoot

without rigidity and maintained

each shot. The work of support

done mainly by the heayy shoulde

muscles. This is accomplished by


46/98

PISTOLS AXD PIS

used in holding the weapon in the hold it firmly, as firmly as one migh

firm enough to be sure of not drop

to crush it. To do either might

caliber and recoil of the weapon t

cially in rapid fire. Itmust, how


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232 THE COAST AR

shooting. The line of sight thu

is then made coincident with the

of the bullseye. Most good pis

aiming and firing. The beginner

lar aiming because of its natura

handed shooter whose left eye is


48/98

PISTOLS AND P

In connection with trigger sto caution the beginner against d

he has become reasonably expert

ger pull for an untrained trigger

than which there is no greater o

pull of not less than to 5 poun


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234 THE COAST AR

patience and self-control the beg

to be able to train his muscles in

his work in holding with the id

mind that good scores can be m

he gets his shot off with a smoo


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Problems of an Officer o

By MAJOR H. A


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236 THE COAST ART

Second-He attends drill on

Third-He attends school oFourth-His business may r

Fifth-He probably belongs

one night a week.

Sixth-He is probably marr


52/98

NATIONAL

the state are having good atten

reason may be that you are in diversions. The other organizatio

entertainment centers around the

ber talking to a major of a battal

comparing the attendance of the

Chicago). His remark may bring


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238 THE COAST AR

The National Guard regula

from interfering in local politicdiscussions of an organization;

tions with disastrous results to t

tions at their stations. Be ca

of them.


54/98

NATIONAL

of the regimental commander

done by dividing up the batterieless regularly go ahead, and dr

themselves. This has been sugg

paper than in practice. For

even three batteries would have

order to have a command larg


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240 THE COAST ART

Don't criticize; if correction

structive way so that no one will You will find those who are prone

merely trying to correct an error

Don't advise changes unless

other words, do not stop someth


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Organized

By CAPTAIN M.


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242 THE COAST ART

in a town, he will do well to go

estate dealers everywhere are pretThe military duties of the

duties as a "good will" representa

his station are equally as importa

the War Department with the Re


58/98

ORGANIZED

his work beyond the recognizedlocal situation must be carefully

all times be in close touch with

Some of the things which he ma

1. Start the organizatio

2. Instruct various po


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Coast Artille

By 1ST LIEUTENANT B


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COAST ARTILLE

The question of security also

the declaration of war, the enemy

nitely located, while if he begins

position may be taken up before s

tion of high finance and governme

less expensive to follow up progres


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246 THE COAST AR

The Air Service and the C

reputation and future success

measure on one another. 'With

Without cooperation with Artill

Air Service degenerates consid

long range target practices fro


62/98

COAST ARTIL

personnel, the Coast Artillery leading technical institutions o

institutions are going to lend

problems. They are going to c

cers in the improvement of our

new ideas. The men who today


63/98

EDITO


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EDIT

Although he will always bguished service during the Worl

just as great a service to the

established a sound military pol

ever had-a policy that if follo

wastage, uncertainty of victory


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250 THE COAST ARTI

Then we know a Tractor Art

prospect of his ever again being b

Probably every officerserving

the inner conviction that the rea

in the air.

And there is the vivid memor


66/98

EDIT

America at Work believes

way to extinction. We believe tsimply as an inference from ch

.already taken place. The passin

necessity for the special protectio

violence in great centers of civili

but as of yesterday. Its prophec


67/98


68/98

COAST ARTILLER

shell as target practice projectiles. In

charge to give 2600 f.s. velocity was rand 1908 a charge to give 2100 f.s. vel

on file for the 90-1b. projectile fired at

the 2700 f.s. velocity. Itwas requested

to supply firing tables for the 2700 f.s.

Project No. 250, Test of Gu

Two gun cameras have been received f


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254 THE COAST ARTIL

a. That the Bureau of Standards b

master Corps specimens of the five heavie

No. 2-26C in comparison with specimens

Extra Heavy" oils, and that information

oils most closely corresponds in its c

"Gargoyle."

b. That a test be made at Fort H. G

to correspond to "N. F. 0." and "Gargoyl


70/98

COAST ARTILLERY

b. That one sight- for the 3-inch Mo

permit illumination of the cross hairs.

c. That the materiel, modified as rec

Board for test.

Project No. 253, Canopy Tops-tO-

of the Panama Department reported tha

replacements, are necessary on the canop

the tops are to be retained in service. Th


71/98

256 THE COAST ART

Department, conferred with the Coast

development of fire control devices for plotting board it was agreed that a d

Relocating Board should be developed

Board for long range batteries was su

Board has completed the study and

a later date.


72/98

COAST ARTILL

11:00, and December 18th at 1100.

velocity is appreciable. However, attained was 1100 yards or less, w

expected in antiaircraft firing.

8. In order to ascertain the ex

moment affected the values obtained

minutes were made at Fort Monroe

7, 1924, with the idea of determinin


73/98

258 THE COAST ART

the nearest established meteorological st

is not greater than 25 miles.

b. The Board further recommende

make comparative measurements or s

project, to determine at what distance

data cannot be assumed to be uniform a

artillery firing.

Project No. 207, Test of Azim


74/98

COAST ARTILLERY

set the micrometer to 5 and see whe

decreasingdirection, as the pointer is tra6. The position of the elevation in

detail whomust lean considerablyto the

is intensifiedby the difficultywith which

that the most convenientposition relativ

by that detail. The azimuthindex is con

7. If the data is changing neither


75/98

BULLETIN


76/98

BULLET

ago, how the whole nation was stirred u

Baseball Series. You remember also hthe guilty players, and barred them fro

will not support any form of sport wh

violates the rules is not only hurting h

slogan which I suggested for our footba

adopt for our game of life: "Fight har

The third essential in the game of


77/98

262 THE COAST ART

those about you interested in their wo

you at the right time will do wo;ndemen away from home for the first tim

can cheer them up. Some of them m

know to be tough. All they need is a

by the arm, and talk to him as if he w

Finally, you can help most by yo

right yourself If you go around with


78/98

BlTLLET

Every effort is made to insure th

are sent to the appropriate branch or bother executive department as may be

The second division of the Gener

central coordinating agency of the War

military attache offices abroad. This

agency of the " \ \T ar Department for th

tion concerning our military establishm


79/98

264 THE COAST ARTI

M. P. work, lack of news preventing us

situation well in hand.

The },[erritt arrived in Yokohama oSome buildings appeared to be standing

were only skeletons, the entire city b

immediately gotten in touch with, and

Lieutenant Clark, M. A. C., and I wer

Lieutenant Colonel Sunderland, G. S.,

l di d d h


80/98

BULLETIN BO

big dump for relief stores. From this poin

various relief organizations, such as the Amer

schools and hospitals.

The night the Japanese were mourning

spent by the advance guard. Lying in our te

of the coolies in the distance, each verse endi

Shortly after the mourning was well under w

chanting ceased for a moment and then beg

feeling; I kno for m part it o ldn't ha e


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266 THE COAST ARTI

All through our stay in Japan, the d

were so closely bound up with the tasksthat it is hard to pick out anyone job a

we of the C. A. C. did our best to coop

sented in the mission, and, I believe, su

The remaining four days of our tour

the country under the auspices of the J

f th r ti ffi i l


82/98

BFLLETIK B

sioned staff officers to become dissatisfied wit

own class. The present inequality creates a

appointment in the noncommissioned staff, to

inclinations and abilities, enrollment in those

which appear to afford the most rapid prom

Under the single promotion list noncom

moted to master sergeants and technical se

the list, without regard to class, Le., wheth

geants major, or radio sergeants. Master s


83/98


84/98

BULLETIN BO

Report on Fund Raised for R

To enable the Coast Artillery Rifle and

highest degree of efficiency, the Chief of Coas

raised from among the commissioned person

suggestion, THE J OURN AL undertook a campai

manding officer of each District and Coast De

date, $562.92 has been collected and turned o

Team Captain.


85/98

PROFESSION


86/98

1'ItOFESSIOXAJ. X

morc cxpcrimcntal work hcforc hcin~ suitable

muzzlc end of the .lo7-inch gun will he noted ano

mcn, thc mU7.z1chrakc, this is still howcvcr in tteristics arc as follows:

Length of horc in calihers, .~2: muzzle ,'clocit

Ihs.: tra\'l'1 of projcctilc, 176.53~ ins.: wci~ht o

5un II".:rcma rks, slidinp: hlock: scmi-automatic:


87/98

THE COAST ARTIL


88/98

PROFESSIONAL

believed to be a distinct advantage for most

believers in high muzzle velocity.Figure 2 shows the new 3-incll ~fobile Gu

the gun mounted on a fixed mount for test pu

the materiel are given in the following table:

GUN: Length of bore in calibers, 50; muzz

jectile, 151bs.; weight of charge, 5 Ibs.; twist o

powder chamber, 200 cubic inches; volume of


89/98

274 THE COAST ARTI

deadly agencies as arise as agencies of w

when gas comes in, just as it was revoltance melts away, and the new agency

Unquestionably there is to be a fu

bubmarine, the airplane are merely item

that can be seen from this is that it ou

steeds, the waving pennons, the ridiculo

the popular mind are associated with w


90/98


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276 THE COAST ARTIL

expression in the military professional p

foreign press also, apparently induced enacted and proposed measures on the s

the infantry and other subjects that we

itself into the expression (which the aut

essay): "Shall Materiel Overcome Moral

the individual soldier be submerged un


92/98

PROFESSIONAL NO

The Keystone of Our Nat

ByCAPTAIN W.

H.

(REPRINTED WrrH PERMISSIO:>l FRO

Despite many pacifist or "no more war" so

reality in many parts of the world. Competition

intense, and most of them are in debt to us. W

keep clear of entanglements? Yet we casually


93/98

278 THE COAST ARTILL

taken rvery enning; the shelter tents h

natetl; in fact, the only thing these maneu

If there were an enemr, he would, af

march overland, directing his attack at Pe

landing were on the Pacific side; Gatun o

this manner he would march around our f

hi~ pleasure. To meet this probable mane

take the field. This force of 4500 would


94/98

PROFESSIONA

Rapidity of Fire of

The following paragraph appeared iarticle entitled "Artillery Fire":

Unfortunately, the gun's life is only arapidly without decreasing this life. Theround in one and one-half minutes. Besidreplacement and retubing are not sufllcround in three minutes


95/98


96/98

:I':ROFESS

The battery position here was

batteries. Itwas exposed and the

Five practices were conducted from th

at, the shorter ranges and indirect fir

of the series was for calibration, all

The practice of May 24th was fired p

Celebration of the CORstArtillery Sch

yards, the last two practices being h

282


97/98

282 THE COAST ARTIL

gasoline prohibits adequate individual t

marches and the occupation of different

This allowance should be materially incre

Airplane Su

A new turbine supercharger for airp

cifically for extreme altitude operation.

pressure to the engine at a height of 35,0

d i th i A i ltit d


98/98

.\ttention is invited to a letter from Lie

tiw Assistant to the Chief of Coast A

publication too late to be included in

its source and importance warrant. T

and is a reply to Major E. J. Cullen's

the JOURNAL, entitled "The Functions

Po"itive Systl'm of Coast Defense."

Documents

Coast Artillery Journal - Sep 1924