COLD WARCOLD WAR

Foreign and domestic Foreign and domestic tensions and issuestensions and issues

Cold War, 1945-1991Cold War, 1945-1991

A series of conflicts, A series of conflicts, compromises, and compromises, and competitions competitions between the between the capitalist US and capitalist US and the communist the communist Soviet Union to Soviet Union to influence other influence other countries into countries into allying with one allying with one side or the otherside or the other

Atomic Energy Act, 1946Atomic Energy Act, 1946

Created the Atomic Created the Atomic Energy Commission Energy Commission to oversee nuclear to oversee nuclear weapons research weapons research and to promote and to promote peacetime use of peacetime use of atomic energyatomic energy

containmentcontainment

Trying to restrict Trying to restrict the expansion of the expansion of Soviet Soviet communismcommunism

Truman Doctrine, 1947Truman Doctrine, 1947

Policy of Policy of supporting supporting people who are people who are resisting resisting attempted attempted conquest by conquest by armed minorities armed minorities or by outside or by outside pressurespressures

CIACIA

Central Central Intelligence Intelligence AgencyAgency

Created in 1947Created in 1947 Gathers Gathers

information information secretlysecretly

Still active todayStill active today

Marshall Plan, 1948 Marshall Plan, 1948

European Recovery Program in which European Recovery Program in which the US provided billions of dollars in the US provided billions of dollars in economic aid for Europe to prevent economic aid for Europe to prevent the spread of communismthe spread of communism

Berlin Airlift, June 1948-May 1949Berlin Airlift, June 1948-May 1949

US, England, and US, England, and France planned to France planned to combine their combine their German zonesGerman zones

SU was angry and SU was angry and blocked all entry blocked all entry into Berlininto Berlin

Western leaders Western leaders airlifted food and airlifted food and supplies to Berlin supplies to Berlin for 10 monthsfor 10 months

NATO, 1949NATO, 1949

North Atlantic North Atlantic Treaty Treaty OrganizationOrganization

Military alliance Military alliance originally formed originally formed by democratic by democratic nationsnations

Now includes some Now includes some former Soviet bloc former Soviet bloc nationsnations

ChinaChina becomes Communist becomes Communist under under Mao ZedongMao Zedong in 1949 in 1949

brinksmanshipbrinksmanship

Using the threat Using the threat of massive of massive military military retaliationretaliation

going to the going to the brink of war in brink of war in order to stop order to stop communism from communism from spreadingspreading

Korean WarKorean War

US enters a war US enters a war in in KoreaKorea, 1950-, 1950-1953; country 1953; country eventually eventually divided along divided along 3838thth parallel parallel between between communist and communist and anti-communist anti-communist forcesforces

U-2 incident, 1960U-2 incident, 1960

Francis Gary Francis Gary Powers was shot Powers was shot down by the SU down by the SU while spyingwhile spying

Heightened Heightened tensions tensions between the US between the US and SUand SU

Meanwhile…Meanwhile…

On the Home Front…On the Home Front…

House Un-American Activities House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)Committee (HUAC)

Investigated Investigated people who people who might be against might be against the government, the government, particularly particularly communistscommunists

Hollywood Ten, 1947Hollywood Ten, 1947

People in People in Hollywood who Hollywood who refused to testify refused to testify before HUAC and before HUAC and were jailed and were jailed and later blacklistedlater blacklisted

Internal Security Act, 1950Internal Security Act, 1950

Communist Party members must Communist Party members must register with the governmentregister with the government

Strict controls on immigrants Strict controls on immigrants suspected of being communistssuspected of being communists

Joseph McCarthy, 1950Joseph McCarthy, 1950

Claimed he had a list of supposed Claimed he had a list of supposed communists in the State Departmentcommunists in the State Department

Ruined many careersRuined many careers

Hydrogen bombHydrogen bomb1952 (US), 1953 (SU)1952 (US), 1953 (SU)

Much more powerful than the Much more powerful than the atomic bombatomic bomb

First test vaporized an entire First test vaporized an entire islandisland

Alger Hiss, Alger Hiss, Julius and Ethel RosenbergJulius and Ethel Rosenberg

Hiss—jailed in Hiss—jailed in 1950 for 1950 for supposedly being supposedly being a Soviet spy and a Soviet spy and lying under oathlying under oath

Rosenbergs—Rosenbergs—executed in 1953 executed in 1953 for selling secrets for selling secrets to the Sovietsto the Soviets

Sputnik, 1957Sputnik, 1957

First satellite launched into spaceFirst satellite launched into space By Soviet UnionBy Soviet Union Heightened the space raceHeightened the space race

National Defense Education ActNational Defense Education Act

Passed in 1958 Passed in 1958 in response to in response to SputnikSputnik

Money for Money for training in training in science, math science, math and languagesand languages

NASANASA

Established in Established in 19581958

National National Aeronautics and Aeronautics and Space Space AdministrationAdministration

Other notable Cold War eventsOther notable Cold War events

Castro comes to power in Cuba, 1959Castro comes to power in Cuba, 1959 Bay of Pigs invasion, 1961Bay of Pigs invasion, 1961 Berlin Wall, 1961-1989Berlin Wall, 1961-1989 Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 1972Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 1972 Glasnost, perestroika; “tear down Glasnost, perestroika; “tear down

this wall”—Reagan to Gorbachevthis wall”—Reagan to Gorbachev Fall of Berlin Wall, 1989; Fall of the Fall of Berlin Wall, 1989; Fall of the

Soviet Union, 1991Soviet Union, 1991