COLD WAR

WARM-UP: GRAB PACKET & DEFINE VOCAB AT TOP OF PAGE 1

• Schedule• Warm-Up• PowerPoint• Cold War Europe Map• Primary Source Analysis—Iron Curtain, Stalin’s

Rebuttal

• Closure: How did the Cold War come about? How did the Cold War escalate?

• Assignment: Assignment Packet page 1

ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR

• After WWII ended, political relationships became tenuous • US and Soviet Union

allied against Nazi Germany (world threat)

• After war, didn’t trust each other political + economic differences

• The future of Eastern Europe was the most contentious issue

• As Soviet Union was pushing back Nazis armies on the eastern front, they came to control various European countries• Stalin promised US and Britain to

hold free elections• Instead he installed communist

governments

• US & Soviets accused each other of trying to conquer these states

• The alliance deteriorated into a 40+ year feud Cold War• No direct fighting between US and

Soviet Union• If US was fighting, Soviet Union supply

enemy and vice versa

• Other countries were battleground for supremacy Korea, Cuba, Vietnam, Afghanistan

BERLIN AIRLIFT

• First showdown between US and Soviet Union• 1945, Allies agreed to divide Germany into 4 zones

British, French, American & Soviet• Western countries merged their zones to planned to

create West Germany• Stalin worried West Germany would threaten Soviet

Union

• German capital, Berlin, was in Soviet zone• But city was divided into East and West Berlin• 1948, Stalin blocked all routes into Berlin • Wanted to starve people in West Berlin and

force them to accept communism and Soviet rule

• In response, President Truman ordered air-force to drop food, fuel & equipment into the city• Lasted for a full year Stalin gave up blockade

• Divided Germany East Germany (communist) v. West Germany (democratic)

• Truman’s strategy in Cold War was containment—stop spread of communism through military and nonmilitary ways• Truman Doctrine—promise help to countries fighting to keep democracy•Marshall Plan—tried to stop spread of communism by helping Europe’s economy ($13 billion)

• 1949, countries formed NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization fight communism• US, Canada, Western European countries

• In response, Soviet Union and Eastern European countries formed their own military alliance—Warsaw Pact

WARM-UP: TRUMAN DOCTRINE PRO/CON PAGES 6-7

• Schedule• Warm-Up• PowerPoint• Reading Analysis—Immigrant Bill & HUAC

interrogation of Walt Disney

• Closure: How did the US domestically change post WWII (5-6 things)?

• Assignment: Assignment Packet page 1

PEACETIME ADJUSTMENTS: WORKERS

• After war, most industries reduced work forces• Factories closed & thousands of workers (mostly

women) laid off• In addition, 10 million veterans needed jobs• They replaced many women workers• Women went back to more traditional jobs

(nursing, teaching)• During WWII, unions agreed not to strike or ask for

raises• But 1946, 4 million union workers went on strike

(better pay)• President Harry S. Truman threatened to break it

up• Strike settled before he did

PEACETIME ADJUSTMENTS: ECONOMY

• Instead of slowing down, postwar economy boomed• People wanted to purchase goods they could not during war• Increased demand for goods = higher prices

• High demand for houses after war• William Levitt used assembly-line techniques to mass-produce cheap houses

PEACETIME ADJUSTMENTS: CIVIL RIGHTS

• African Americans (especially veterans) hoped for better equality after war• But little changed• In South, blacks were threatened or killed if

tried to vote

• So Truman created civil rights commission• Also outlawed racial segregation &

discrimination in military• This was US govt.’s 1st attempt to deal w/

racial issues

• Truman then proposed Fair Deal – extension of New Deal• Called for new housing & jobs & end to racial

discrimination in hiring• Congress fought against him – ruined most of

his plans

COLD WAR AT HOME: RED SCARE

• Many Americans feared communism would spread inside U.S.

• Two famous spy trials confirmed their fears

• Alger Hiss (former State Dept. official) accused of passing military secrets to Soviets• Jailed for perjury (lying under oath) in

1950

• Ethel & Julius Rosenberg (American Communist Party) convicted for giving atomic bomb secrets to Russians• Both were executed 1953

• 1947, Truman had 4 million govt. workers undergo loyalty checks• Several thousand workers

forced to resign• House Un-American

Activities Committee (HUAC) started targeting movie industry• Many careers ruined by

blacklists – unofficial lists of suspected Communists

• Fear of communism spread through America in 1950s

WARM-UP: READ 2 DOCUMENTS ON PAGES 12-13 AND ANSWER QUESTIONS

• Schedule• Warm-Up• Majestic clip—Blacklist • PowerPoint• Reading Analysis—McCarthy’s Wheeling Speech,

HUAC testimonies, American spy files

• Closure: What impact did McCarthyism have in shaping US history?

• Assignment: Assignment Packet page 2

JOSEPH MCCARTHY

• Senator Joseph McCarthy was Republican• He led fight against Communist conspirators• Thousands of people lost jobs & reputations b/c of him

MCCARTHYISM & COMMUNISM

• Senator Joseph McCarthy used America’s frustration w/ govt.’s efforts to stop communism• February 1950, McCarthy said

he had list of 205 State Dept. officials who were Communists• Charges were never proven• His claims launched hunt for

communists, ruining lives of thousands of people• McCarthyism – reckless charges

against innocent citizens

ARMY-MCCARTHY HEARINGS

• 1954, Senate held televised hearings• McCarthy accused army of “coddling

Communists”• Army lawyer asked McCarthy: “Have you no

sense of decency?”• Senate criticized McCarthy’s behavior• He eventually faded out of the spotlight

WARM-UP: POLITICAL CARTOON ANALYSIS ON PAGE 20

• Schedule• Warm-Up• PowerPoint• McArthur v. Truman• Modern Korean Conflict Crisis

• Closure: How does Korean War in the 1950s relate to current history?

• Assignment: Assignment Packet page 2 Quiz Tuesday

COLD WAR & KOREA

• Following Japan’s defeat in 1945, Soviet troops occupied Korea north of the 38th parallel while US troops occupied area south of the line• By agreement, both Soviet

and American forces withdrew from Korea in 1948• By this time, Korea had been

practically separated at 38th parallel into two distinct countries:• Communist North• Democratic South

• 1949, Chinese Communist Party (led by Mao Tse Tung) defeated Nationalists in civil war in China• Nationalists (led by Chang Kai-shek)fled to Taiwan (island off coast of China)• American fear of communism continued to grow Domino Theory• Events in Korea only increased these fears

CONFLICT ERUPTS IN KOREA

• June 1950, North Korean forces crossed 38th parallel into South Korea• Truman saw this as threat to

containment• U.S. asked United Nations to stop

Communists• In the Korean War, U.N. supplied

soldiers from 16 countries• U.S. troops made up most of force• Led by WWII hero General Douglas

MacArthur

• North Koreans forces close in around tip of South Korea

• MacArthur landed troops at Inchon (behind N. Korean lines)

CHINA ENTERS THE WAR

• Surrounded, N. Korean forces retreated• UN forces pushed

them back to Yalu River (boundary of Communist China)• China thought UN

threatening them – China threatened to enter war if US continue advancing• MacArthur ignored

them

• November 25, 1950, hundreds of thousands of Chinese soldiers entered N. Korea• By early 1951, both sides stuck at 38th parallel

• MacArthur wanted to bomb & blockade China• Truman said no (worried it would cause Soviet Union to join war)• MacArthur disagreed & criticized Truman publicly• Truman fired MacArthur & told him to come back to US

WAR ENDS IN STALEMATE

• Truman started truce talks July 1951

• 1952 election:• Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower –

criticized war• He promised quick end to war

• Democrat Adlai Stevenson – lost in landslide

• Eisenhower kept his promise• He compromised w/ N. Koreans &

Chinese to end war• But he warned them he was ready to use

nuclear weapons

• N. & S. Korea remained split even after war

• South Korea, US & N Korea sign truce NOT peace treaty still technically at war

CNN

• http://goo.gl/WBf4O

• Kim clip, Missile Capability clip, Military hotline clip

• http://goo.gl/0OUFU

• -Strong response clip, public sentiment clip, Ready for war clip

WARM-UP: TRUMAN DOCTRINE V. BRINKMANSHIP DOCTRINE PAGE 23

• Schedule• Warm-Up• PowerPoint• US Interactions Readings Guatemala & Egypt

• Closure: How does the Cold War have global implications?

• Assignment: Assignment Packet page 2 Quiz tomorrow

ARMS RACE

• Eisenhower’s Secretary of State – John Foster Dulles – did not like containment• He said US would go to brink of war

to fight communism – brinksmanship

• 1949, US learned Soviet Union had made an atomic bomb

• Two countries began an arms race – developing weapons w/ more destructive power• 1952, US built a hydrogen bomb – H-

bomb• 1955, Soviets tested own bomb• Fear caused both sides to build up

nuclear weapons

FOREIGN INTRIGUES: CUBA

• US & Soviet Union both tried to help allies & weaken enemies (readings)

• US attempts a coup in Cuba• US was friends with dictator Batista who favored US

businesses and interests Cuban majority impoverished and suffering

• Fidel Castro in 1953 charged the government with corruption and tyranny and led revolution based on communist ideology• Redistribute land to poor• Take businesses and land away from US companies and give

to Cuban people (nationalization) so Cuban can profit

• President Kennedy ordered Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961• Use ex-Cuba exiles to overthrow Castro’s government • Easily stopped Huge humiliation for US

• Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev + Castro believed US try again in 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962• Soviet Union begin sending Cuba nuclear missiles

(only 90 miles from Florida)

• US response• US establish naval

blockade around Cuba (to stop shipments)

• demand Soviet Union remove others

• claim that if the Soviets continue, there will be war

• Soviet Union demanded that the US remove their missiles in the Middle East aimed at the USSR while sending a ship with more nukes to Cuba

• Last minute dealing to prevent WWIII US agreed to not attack Cuba, Soviet Union agreed to take nukes out of Cuba

SPACE RACE

• 1957, two superpowers began space race• Soviet Union launched Sputnik – 1st space satellite• US was shocked – scientists scrambled to catch up• Congress set aside billions for space research + education reform (science & math)

U-2 INCIDENT

• Eisenhower wanted to ease tension by talking w/ Soviet Union• But two weeks before

meeting Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev, Soviets shot down American U-2 spy plane• Eisenhower denied the

pilot was spying – until he found out pilot was captured

• Khrushchev demanded apology – Eisenhower said no

WARM-UP: COLD WAR QUIZ

• Schedule• Warm-Up• Cold War and US society in the 1950s Assignment

reading & questions

• Closure: How does the Cold War have global implications?

• Assignment: Assignment Packet page 3

WARM-UP: GRAB DBQ FROM CART

• Schedule• Warm-Up• Cold War DBQ• Outline + Begin writing Wednesday• Finish Essay Thursday

• Closure: How was the Cold War illustrated around the world and how was the US impacted as a result?

• Assignment: Assignment Packet page 3 Outside information (3 pieces)

WARM-UP: ANSWER QUESTION ON PAGE 28

• Schedule• Warm-Up• PowerPoint• 1950s Commercial Analysis

• Closure: How did America stay the same/change in the 1950s?

• Assignment: Assignment Packet page 3 Cold War Test Wednesday

AMERICAN DREAM

•Eisenhower’s presidency brought growth & prosperity•This prosperity allowed many people to achieve “American dream”

1950S PROSPERITY

• Eisenhower hated govt. spending• But he kept most New Deal programs• Expanded Social Security• Created Dept. of Health, Education, & Welfare• Increased minimum wage & started new programs• Highway Act of 1956 – spent $32 billion to build 41,000 miles

of roads• This act started highway system in America

• After war, many wanted comfortable, secure life• Strong economy allowed them to buy new goods, get

married, start families, move to new areas

BABY BOOMERS & SUBURBIZATION

• During 1950s, US population grew by 30 million• This growth came from baby

boom – sharp increase in US birthrate after WWII• Baby boom led to growth

of suburbs – residential areas surrounding a city• Families left crowded

cities for larger, single-family homes

• As suburbs grew, car sales increased• 1946 – 28 million cars• 1960 – 60 million cars

•A surge of Americans moved from N & E to S & W•This movement to Sun Belt increased population of warmer states

•By 1970, California was most populous state

CONSUMERISM

• For millions of white Americans, life in suburbs was American dream• Advertising industry convinced consumers to buy new products• TV & magazine ads showed perfect homes w/ washing machines, vacuum cleaners, TVs, record players

SOCIAL CONFORMITY

• Critics argued Americans being forced to conform – go along w/ ideas & beliefs of majority• Magazines praised women for

being housewives• But not all women liked this

role• Only jobs open to women –

nursing, teaching, office work

• Allen Ginsberg & Jack Kerouac led group of writers who resisted conformity• These “beatniks” gave

speeches & wrote songs attacking society

THOSE LEFT BEHIND

•Not everyone had good life in 1950s•Many people lived in poverty

NEGLECTED CITIES

• 1957, 1/5 of Americans were poor (most lived in cities)• As Americans moved to suburbs, shops & businesses moved with them• Fewer people stayed in cities (meant less tax money for roads, firehouses, garbage)• W/ no one to care for them, cities began to decay

THE FORGOTTEN POOR

• 1950s, immigration from Mexico increased (many illegal)• Others came in bracero – temporary worker – program• Found jobs on farms for low wages & bad living conditions• Employers took advantage of them – long hours for little pay

A NEW GENERATION OF AMERICANS

• Some Americans enjoyed economic prosperity• Teenagers loved new form of entertainment – rock ‘n’ roll

music• Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Fats Domino & other black

musicians had as much success as white musicians like Jerry Lee Lewis

• But the most popular was Elvis Presley – king of rock ‘n’ roll

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ofD9t_sULM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tpzV_0l5ILI

TV

• 1950s, Hollywood produced westerns, musicals, & romances• But movie attendance fell as

more people watched TV• 1960s, 9/10 of American

homes had TV• Kids watched Lassie, The

Mickey Mouse Club, The Lone Ranger

• I Love Lucy was one of most popular shows• Most shows in 1950s showed

perfect wives keeping perfect homes

• But they were unrealistic

YOUTHFUL PRESIDENT

• 1960, John F. Kennedy (Democrat from Mass.) ran for president against Republican Richard Nixon• Kennedy promised to “get this country moving

again”• Kennedy & Nixon had 1st televised presidential

debates• These debates helped Kennedy win one of closest

elections in history

WARM-UP: ANSWER QUESTION ON PAGE 31

• Schedule• Warm-Up• Reading Analysis—Good Housekeeping v. Feminine

Mystique• Lone Rancher episode analysis

• Closure: How were women impacted by the 1950s?

• Assignment: Cold War Test Wednesday

1950S AMERICAN SOCIETY

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p_FLrrrqd1E lone ranger• How does this portray Native Americans?• How does the Long Ranger symbolize

America?

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukR8HP4bNk0 I Love Lucy—gender

WARM-UP: PICK UP REVIEW PACKET

• Schedule• Warm-Up• Collaborate work on review packet• Class discussion

• Closure: How did the Cold War begin, escalate, and impact the US?

• Assignment: Cold War Test tomorrow

WARM-UP: PICK UP SCANTRON ON CART

• Schedule• Warm-Up• COLD WAR EXAM

• Closure: How did the Cold War begin, escalate, and impact the US?

• Assignment: Cold War Test tomorrow