Colors

RED GREEN BLUE PURPLE BROWN

1. 9. 17.

2. 10. 18.

3. 11. 19.

4. 12. 20.

5. 13.

6. 14.

7. 15.

8. 16.

1. RED 9. BLUE 17. GREEN

2. PURPLE 10. RED 18. PURPLE

3. GREEN 11. BLUE 19. BLUE

4. BLUE 12. PURPLE 20. RED

5. BROWN 13. BROWN

6. GREEN 14. RED

7. PURPLE 15. GREEN

8. BROWN 16. BROWN

Social Uses of StroopKarylowski, Motes, Curry, & Van Liempd (2002)

Race of Person

InkColor

B

W

Bill Cosby

Oprah Winfrey

African-american“Black”

Rosie O’Donnell

Jerry Seinfeld

Caucasian“White”

ResultsKarylowski, Motes, Curry, & Van Liempd (2002)

Result: Faster to read ink color when color and racial category label match than when they mismatch

react

ion

tim

e (

ms)

ink color

“Automatic”“Automatic” “Controlled”“Controlled”~ Reflexes~ Stroop Effect~ Size constancy

~ Reflexes~ Stroop Effect~ Size constancy

~ Calculus~ Actions on 1st date~ What you say when you raise your hand in class

~ Calculus~ Actions on 1st date~ What you say when you raise your hand in class

yellowyellow greengreen

blueblue

What about...Breathing?

Driving?

What about...Breathing?

Driving?

Warm/Cold Study TA read description of guest lecturer

before 2 different classes 4 characteristics same in both classes 1 class - described as WARM - other

class described as COLD Results

WARM professor rated more favorably and had more interaction after class

Automatic Effects on Social Judgment(Kelley, 1950)

The classic “Donald” study

Part 1: Scrambled sentences task; words either related to hostility (e.g., “he kicked her bit”) or not

Part 2: Read paragraph about “Donald” and form judgments about him

Automatic Effects on Social Judgment(Srull & Wyer, 1979)

I ran into my old acquaintance Donald the other day, and I decided to go over and visit him, since by coincidence we took our vacations at the same time. Soon after I arrived, a salesman knocked at the door, but Donald refused to let him enter. He also told me that he was refusing to pay his rent until the landlord repaints his apartment. We talked for a while, had lunch, and then went out for a ride. We used my car, since Donald’s car had broken down that morning, and he told the garage mechanic that he would have to go somewhere else if he couldn’t fix his car that same day. We went to the park for about an hour and then stopped at a hardware store. I was sort of preoccupied, but Donald bought some gadget, and then I heard him demand his money back from the sales clerk. I couldn’t find what I was looking for, so we left and walked a few blocks to another store.

Donald rated more hostile when scrambled sentences task involved hostile words than when it didn’t

Effect seems to happen without awareness, intention, or control

Results(Srull & Wyer, 1979)

Part 1:

Pronounce 40 non-famous names (e.g., Sebastian Weisdorf)

Part 2:

Test either immediately or 24 hours later

Moderately famous names and non-famous names

Some old and some new non-famous names

“Is this person famous?”

Becoming Famous Overnight...(Jacoby et al., 1989)

Immediate test:

Mistakes less common for old non-famous names than new ones

24 hours later:

Mistakes MORE common for old non-famous names than new ones

Results(Jacoby et al., 1989)

Scrambled sentences task including either:

Elderly stereotype words (e.g., Florida, wrinkle, old, knits)

Neutral words (e.g., thirsty, clean, private)

Told that experiment is over

Time how long it takes subject to walk to elevator

John BarghJohn Bargh

Automatic Effects on Behavior(Bargh, Chen, Burrows, 1996, Study 2)

Results(Bargh, Chen, Burrows, 1996, Study 2)

6

7

8

9S

eco

nd

s

Neutral Prime

Elderly Prime

Automatic Effects on Behavior(Bargh, Chen, Burrows, 1996, Study 3)

Boring task

Priming manipulation: Black or White male faces flashed outside of awareness (~20 ms) before each trial

Automatic Effects on Behavior(Bargh, Chen, Burrows, 1996, Study 3)

After 300th trial I’m sorry, but it looks like you’ll have to do

the experiment over

F1 Error:Failure saving

data

F1 Error:Failure saving

data

Results(Bargh, Chen, Burrows, 1996, Study 3)

Automatic Effects on Behavior(Dijksterhuis & Van Knippenberg, 1998)

Stereotypes: Professors (Study 2) Soccer Hooligans (Study 3)Priming procedure: Write about the behavior, lifestyle, appearance, and attributes of the typical XTrivia Quiz: 60 questionse.g., “Who painted La Guernica?” a) Dali, b) Miro, c) Picasso, d) Velasquez

Results(Dijksterhuis & Van Knippenberg, 1998)

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

Professor Soccer Hooligan

None

2 mins

9 mins

Automatic Effects on Goals(Bargh et al, 2001)

Priming manipulation: Word-find task with words related to achievement--e.g., win, achieve, compete, attain neutral--e.g., ranch, shampoo, river, carpet

Scrabble task: create as many words as possible out of 8 tiles

Measure persistence at task After 2 min. told to stop via intercom

Results(Bargh et al, 2001)

Proportion who continued to work after the experimenter said, “stop” over the intercom57% in achievement condition22% in neutral condition

Observation of the Invisible

The Implicit Association Test is designed to tap automatic associations between concepts and attributes (e.g., male:science female:liberal arts)

Implicit Association Test

Implicit Stereotypes

"I was taken aback by my inability to make the intended association, the difficulty in making the counter-stereotypical association between, say, female and career, or male and home."

“If we are aware of our biases, we can correct for them—as when driving a car that drifts to the right, we steer left to go where we intend."

-- Mahzarin Banaji

Mahzarin Banaji