Comb - Timaji - Seminar

: : 1389: . . . 1 2 . 3RANS ) . ( LES4. : RANS LES1Zone modeling2Field modeling3Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes4Large Eddy Simulationi: : ...................................................................................................................................... I: .......................................................................................................................... II: ......................................................................................................................... IV: ........................................................................................................................ VI .................................................................................................... 1 ....................................................................................................11.1 : . ....................................................................................................................... 22.1 : . ........................................................................................................................... 3 .................................................................................................... 6 .......................................................................................61.2 : . ............................................................................................................................. 72.2 : . ..................................................................................................... 73.2 : . ............................................................................................... 74.2 : . ............................................................................................ 81.4.2. : ..........................................................................................................82.4.2. :.................................................................................................................93.4.2. : ..................................................................................................105.2 : . .......................................................................... 12 .................................................................................................. 17 ........................................................................................171.3 : . ...................................................................................................... 182.3 : . ................................................................................................. 191.2.3. : ......................................................................................................192.2.3. : ........................................................................................................193.3 : . ................................................................................................. 194.3 : . ..................................................................................................... 205.3 : . .................................................................................................... 211.5.3. RANS:............................................................................212.5.3. : ..............................................................................246.3 : . .................................................................................................................... 241.6.3.: ...................................................................................242.6.3. : .............................................................................................26ii7.3 : . ........................................................................................................................... 278.3 : . ..................................................................................................................... 279.3 : . ............................................................................................................... 2810.3 : . ........................................................................................ 2811.3 . RANS: ................................................................................................ 2912.3 : . .................................................................................................. 301.12.3. LES:............................................................................................312.12.3. LES : ................................................................32 ................................................................................................ 36 .................................................................................................361.4 : . ...................................................................................................................... 37 ....................................................................................................... 38 iii: 1 1960 ................................................... 2 2 1960 .................................................. 2 3 100 (HYDROCARBON PROCESS INDUSTRY) 1975 1986)1988 GARRISON) ............................................................................................................. 3 4 .................................................................. 4 5 NYPRO (UK) ............................. 4 6 AZF ............................... 5 7 ..................................................... 5 8 ................................................. 5 9 (BOILING LIQUID EXPANDING VAPOUR EXPLOSION) BLEVE...... 8 10 ................................... 9 11 STANJAN BAR 1 C 25HTTP://WWW.GEXCON.COM/HANDBOOK/GEXHBCHAP9.HTM...................... 9 12 (MOEN ANDSABER, 1985) HTTP://WWW.GEXCON.COM/HANDBOOK/GEXHBCHAP5.HTM ........................................................................................................... 10 13) 2H2 + O2) .............. 10 14 ............................................ 11 15 X 10() () % () .............................. 11 iv 16 (A) 05/0 (B) 076/0 (C) 2/0 - 10% ...................................... 12 17 ............................. 13 18 : . HTTP://WWW.GEXCON.COM/HANDBOOK/GEXHBCHAP10.HTM . 14 19 CM 10 CM 36 .......................................................................................... 14 20 ............................................ 15 21 CM 10 CM 36 .......................................................................................... 15 22 .......................... 15 23 ............................ 16 24 (A (B .......... 32 25 . . ......................................................................... 33 v: 1 ..................................................................... 12 2 ................................................................. 23 vi 11.1 : . .] 9 [ 10 . ... . . . ]9 [ ( ) 1 . . . ( ) . ... . ]9 [1 Chemical Plant2 1 1960http://www.answers.com/topic/appalachia-1 2 1960petrochemicals/ 1 . ) . ( ]9 [ 2 . . ]7 [ . . . ]7 [3100 ) 3 .( 42 %. ]7 [ 3 100 )hydrocarbon process industry ( 1975 1986 )1988 Garrison ( http://www.gexcon.com/handbook/GEXHBchap1.htm2.1 : . 4 5 . 1 Flammable2 Safety3 Garrison4 Onshore5 Offshore3) 2010 . .( 1974 Nypro 1 . 50 2 3 . 4. ]1 [ 45 . 400000 ) m3 ( 2 % .5 16 -- 6 . 28 89 32 . . ]1 [ 1988 7 8 . 167 . ]1 [ 9 3/0 10. 2001 11 12)AN ( .. ] 10 [1 Flixborough2 tons3 Cyclohexane4 Temporary pipe5 Blast6 TNT7 Piper Alpha8 Riser9 Over Pressure10 bar11 Toulous12 Ammonium nitrate4 5 Nypro (UK ( p=44827.33943&lang=en&id=4722 4 http://e-stud.vgtu.lt/users/?p=44827.33943&lang=en&id=4722 30 2242 . ) 54 65 ( 7 . ]10 [ 20 40 ) -- TNT . ( 3.4 . ]10 [ 2005 1 15 170 . ]10 [ 2 . 3 . ( ) . ]10 [1 Isomerisation2 Raffinate Spilter3 Stack5 6 AZF p=44827.33943&lang=en&id=4722 7 http://e-stud.vgtu.lt/users/?p=44827.33943&lang=en&id=4722 8 http://e-stud.vgtu.lt/users/?p=44827.33943&lang=en&id=4722 61.2 : . . . ]7 [ : ]7 [ 1 2 3 4 . .]7 [2.2 : . .. . . ]7 [3.2 : . ) LFL UFL . (. ]7 [1 Ignition2 Strength3 Vent area4 Mitigation scheme74.2 : . 1 . . ) ) .( 2BLEVE ( . ]7 [ 9 ) Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion) BLEVEhttp://me.queensu.ca/people/birk/research/thermalHazards/index.php .. ]7 [ 1.4.2 . : . . ]7 [ 3 . ]7 [ % 20 ) . atm 1 C 25 m/s70 . ( 1 Buildup Pressure2Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion3 filling ratio8 . 9 . atm 1 bar 10-8 . ]7 [ 10 http://www.gexcon.com/handbook/GEXHBchap5.htm 10 . 1 . . bar 5-4 . ]7 [ 11 STANJAN bar 1 C 25 http://www.gexcon.com/handbook/GEXHBchap9.htm2.4.2 : . ( ) . . . 11 . ]7 [ 1 slightly rich9 12 ) Moenand Saber, 1985) http://www.gexcon.com/handbook/GEXHBchap5.htm. . . . .]3 [ DDT . ]6 [ 13 ) 2H2 + O2 ( Chung K. Law, Combustion Physics, 2006, Cambridge University Press. 3.4.2 : . . (... ) . ) 10 . (... CFD . 12 . ]5 [ 14 Maremonti M., Russo G., Salzano E., Tufano V. (1999). Numerical simulation of gas explosions in linked vessels. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries x . x=0 . . ]5 [ 15 x 10 ) % () ( ) ( Maremonti M., Russo G., Salzano E., Tufano V. (1999). Numerical simulation of gas explosions in linked vessels. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries1)1981 (2)1994 ( . . . . 1 . ]5 [1 Bartknecht2 Singh11 16 ) a)05/0 ) b) 076/0 ) c) 2/0 - 10 %Maremonti M., Russo G., Salzano E., Tufano V. (1999). Numerical simulation of gas explosionsin linked vessels. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 1 Maremonti M., Russo G., Salzano E., Tufano V. (1999). Numerical simulation of gas explosions in linked vessels. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries5.2 : . : . . . . . . . ] 7 [ . . m/s1000-500 1 ) 10 .( bar 20 . ]7 [1 Overpressure12 1 . 2 m/s 100 . bar 8 . ]7 [ m/s 25-20 . ]7 [ ) 17 ( . . ]7 [ 17 http://www.gexcon.com/handbook/GEXHBchap10.htm 17 . 8 9 . . . . . ]7 [ 17 . . (... ) . . . . . . 1 pressure build-up2 unlonfined13 . ]7 [ ... . . : 1 2 ) 18 .(]7 [ 18 : . http://www.gexcon.com/handbook/GEXHBchap10.htm . . ]2 [ :]2 [1 . . 14 19 cm 10 cm 36 Oh K., Kim H., Kim J., Lee S. (2001). A study on the obstacle-induced variation of the gas explosion characteristics. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 20 Oh K., Kim H., Kim J., Lee S. (2001). A study on the obstacle-induced variation of the gas explosion characteristics. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 21 cm 10 cm 36 Oh K., Kim H., Kim J., Lee S. (2001). A study on the obstacle-induced variation of the gas explosion characteristics. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries2 . . 3 . ) ) ( 21 .( 22 15Oh K., Kim H., Kim J., Lee S. (2001). A study on the obstacle-induced variation of the gas explosion characteristics. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries4 . 1 .( ) 23 Oh K., Kim H., Kim J., Lee S. (2001). A study on the obstacle-induced variation of the gas explosion characteristics. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries1 blockage ratio16 171.3 : .1 . . . 1950 . ]4 [ . . . ]4 [ . . ]4 [) CFD ( . 2 CFD . CFD . ]4 [ . : ( )]4 [1 . 3) :( ) 4.( ) (... 2 . 5 () :. 1 Fire2 Field modeling3 Ignition4 Spark5 Growth18 . 1. 3 . ) Flashover :( . . 4 . 2 :. 5 . 3 :. 2.3 : .1.2.3 .4: . . . . (... ) ..]4 [2.2.3 .5: CFD . . . ]4 [ . 3.3 : . . : 1 Plume2 Fully developed3 Disipation4 Zone model5 Field model19 . . . . . . . ( ) . . . . . . . . . ]4 [ . ( ) CFD . ]4 [4.3 : . . RANS LES . 20 . ]4 [5.3 : . RANS 1 . . ]4 [1.5.3 . RANS : 2RANS . RANS . Favre . ( ) . RANS - . 3 . . . ] 4 [ K- : pS S Ut+ + +) ( ) () ( . . ( ) . . 1 Closure equation2 Reynolds Averaging Navier-stokes3 Favre-averaging211.3) McCaffrey ) ( 10 % ( . ]4 [22 2 Novozhilov V. (2001). Computational fluid dynamics modeling of compartment fires. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science232.5.3 : . RANS ) K .( K- . 1:

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Comb - Timaji - Seminar