[COMM II] Logical Fallacies

8/3/2019 [COMM II] Logical Fallacies

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LOGICALFALLACIES

Prepared by: Arielle Arcangel Amirah AndresTrixie Magalong

Hannah Velasquez



- also known as Subjectivist Fallacy

- committed when a person rejects a claimby asserting that the claim might be truefor others but is not for him/her.

-This fallacy is particularly dangerous whenapplied to ethical issues.

Relativist Fallacy



Ex amples:

Jill: "Look at this, Bill. I read that people who do not getenough exercise tend to be unhealthy."Bill: "That may be true for you, but it is not true for me."

Person A claims: "Believing in God leads to a spirituallifestyle."Person B rebuttals: "Believing in God is understandably

good for some people but not for me. Therefore,believing in God does not lead to a spiritual lifestyle."



Ex amples:

Many doctors are saying that smokingcauses cancer, but I smoke and I don'thave cancer, therefore the doctors are

wrong."Well, I think bullfighting is wrong, but other cultures don't think so, and who am I to tellthem what to believe? If they think there is

nothing wrong with bullfighting, then Iguess it isn't wrong for them to havebullfights."



Ex amples:

Girl: I believe in ghosts. Therefore, they

exist.Boy: I don't believe in ghosts. Therefore,

they don't exist.



Argu ment u m ad

Miser icor diam

- a fallacy in which a person substitutes a

claim intended to create pity for evidencein an argument.

- This line of "reasoning" is fallacious

because pity does not serve as evidencefor a claim.



Ex amples:

Professor: "You missed the midterm, Bill."Bill: "I know. I think you should let me take themakeup."Professor: "Why?"Bill: "I was hit by a truck on the way to the midterm.Since I had to go to the emergency room with a brokenleg, I think I am entitled to a makeup."Professor: "I'm sorry about the leg, Bill. Of course youcan make it up."

"I'm positive that my work will meet your requirements.I really need the job since my grandmother is sick"

*videos



S lipper y S lope Fallacy

-a fallacy in which a person asserts that some eventmust inevitably follow from another without any

argument for the inevitability of the event in question

-This "argument" has the following form:

Event X has occurred (or will or might occur).

Therefore event Y will inevitably happen.



Ex amples:



Ex amples:



Ex amples:

You should never gamble. Once you start

gambling you find it hard to stop. Soon youare spending all your money on gambling,

and eventually you will turn to crime tosupport your earnings.



G enetic Fallacy A Genetic Fallacy is a line of "reasoning" in which a

perceived defect in the origin of a claim or thing istaken to be evidence that discredits the claim or thingitself.

-a line of reasoning in which the origin of a claim or thing is taken to be evidence for the claim or thing.

The form:

origin of a claim or thing is presented The claim is true(or false) or the thing is

supported (or discredited)



Ex amples:

Bill claims that 1+1=2. However, my parentsbrought me up to believe that 1+1=254, soBill must be wrong.

Most Christians are believers

because their parents were.



Ex amples:

My mommy told me that the tooth fairy is

real. Therefore, the tooth fairy is real.

You¶re not going to wear a wedding ring,are you? Don¶t you know that the wedding

ring originally symbolized ankle chainsworn by women to prevent them fromrunning away from their husbands?



Argu ment u m ad Popu l u m

- popular appeal or appeal to the majority

- bandwagon appeal

- a claim is accepted as being true simplybecause most people are favorably

inclined towards the claim.



Ex amples:

"Since 88% of the people polled believed in

UFOs, they must exist."

*videos



Refer ences

http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/

http://9gag.com

http://www.tektonics.org/guest/fallacies.html

Documents

[COMM II] Logical Fallacies