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COMMODITY MURĀBAHAH And TAWARRUQ ASSOC. PROF. DR. AZMAN MOHD NOOR ([email protected] )

COMMODITY MURĀBAHAH And TAWARRUQ

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COMMODITY MURĀBAHAH And TAWARRUQ . ASSOC. PROF. DR. AZMAN MOHD NOOR ( [email protected] ). Intro. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: COMMODITY MURĀBAHAH And TAWARRUQ

COMMODITY MURĀBAHAH And TAWARRUQ

ASSOC. PROF. DR. AZMAN MOHD NOOR

([email protected])

Page 2: COMMODITY MURĀBAHAH And TAWARRUQ

Intro

• Commodity Murabahah is an example of product innovation in Islamic banking and finance, which is based on Murabahah and Tawarruq transactions. This presentation will shed light on the structure of Commodities Murabaha Transaction offered by Bursa Malaysia

Page 3: COMMODITY MURĀBAHAH And TAWARRUQ

Definitions

• Murabahah: A sale with a mark up price• Tawarruq: (Monetization) refers to the process of

purchasing a commodity for a deferred price determind through Musawamah (bargaining) or Murabahah (mark-up sale), and selling it to a third party for a spot price so as to obtain cash.

• ‘Inah: refers to the process of purchasing the commodity for a deferred price, and selling it back for a lower price to the same party.

• (See AAOIFI standard no 30, pg.525)

Page 4: COMMODITY MURĀBAHAH And TAWARRUQ

Commodity

Cash Payment

Differed Payment

Bank A

Bank B

2

1

3 4Eloctronic System for trading and sttlement

Supplier 1

Supplier 2

Supplier 3

Supplier 4

Commodity Market

Operation Flow of BURSA SUQ AL-SILA’

4

Page 5: COMMODITY MURĀBAHAH And TAWARRUQ

ISLAMIC BANK A

(2) Buys/Pays RM10 million worth of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) warrants “commodity” from supplier, on a spot basis.

(4)Sells the commodity to the Client/Islamic Bank B at Rm10 million plus a profit margin (MurābaÍah) on deferred payment.

ISLAMIC BANK B

(5) Purchases the commodity from the Islamic Bank A at RM10 million plus a profit margin (MurābaÍah) on deferred payment.

(6) Sells the commodity to Bursa Suq Al-Sila' for RM10 million on a spot basis, on the same day.

BURSA SUQ AL-SILA'

(7) Purchases the commodity from the Islamic Bank B at RM10 million (purchase price) on a spot basis.

(8) BSAS is a trading and Clearing Engine.

(9) Sells the commodity to the Suppliers back randomly for RM10 million on a spot basis.

SUPPLIERS

COMMODITY SELLERS

(1)Sells RM10 million worth of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) warrants “commodity” to the Islamic Bank A on spot basis.

(3)Delivers the commodity on the same day and the ownership is transferred to the Islamic Bank A.

Page 6: COMMODITY MURĀBAHAH And TAWARRUQ

ABC Islamic

Bank

Customer/Counter Bank

Customer wants to make fixed deposit with ABC, with a fixed return

As an Agent, ABC buys commodity from Broker 1

Customers sells commodities to ABC at profit on deferred payment basis

2

6

5 a

4 b

3 a1

Customer requests ABC to act as agent (wakalah) to buy the commodity from the market

ABC sells commodity to BSAS on spot for cash

ABC settles amount due to Customer on deferred payment basis based on terms

3 b Ownership delivery on behalf of Customer

5 b Proceeds delivery

Commodity MurabahahHouse (BSAS)

Onward delivery of commodity ownership4 a

Reverse Tawarruq for Deposit Taking

Page 7: COMMODITY MURĀBAHAH And TAWARRUQ

APPLICANT/Customer

PAYMASTER

ABC BANK

ISLAMIC BOURSES (Bursa

Suq Al-Sila’)

2

2

DEBT FACTORING MODEL 1

1

1. Customer has RM100K Immature receivable. 2. ABC gives ordinary financing to the customer. Ex. Receivable is 100k, the financing is only RM90K, and total sale price is RM100K.2. Customer assigns (as security) the receivables (RM100K) to ABC.

1

Page 8: COMMODITY MURĀBAHAH And TAWARRUQ

APPLICANT/Customer

PAYMASTER

ABC BANK

ISLAMIC BOURSES (Bursa

Suq Al-Sila’)

Receivables RM100K

1 2

DEBT FACTORING MODEL 2

1

1. ABC sells a set of identified commodity (with immediate delivery) worth RM90K with a mark up price od RM100K against RM100K customer’s receivables.2. Customer will sell the commodity to Bursa for cash at RM 90K

Commodity worth RM90k

Customer Sells commodity for RM90k

Page 9: COMMODITY MURĀBAHAH And TAWARRUQ

Among the common mistakes

1. Tripartite ‘Inah2. Fourpartite ‘Inah3. The purchase of the wakil for himself

Page 10: COMMODITY MURĀBAHAH And TAWARRUQ

ABC Islamic Bank

Customer

Broker A

1

2

3

Three Partite ‘Inah (violation of AAOIFI Standard 30/4/5)

1. ABC buys RM10,000 worth of commodity from Broker A on credit.2. ABC sells the commodity to Customer with mark up price (RM 15,000) on deferred payment basis.3. Customer sells the commodity to Broker A for cash (RM10,000)

Page 11: COMMODITY MURĀBAHAH And TAWARRUQ

ABC Islamic Bank

Customer

Broker A

1

2

3

Three Partite ‘Inah with Hawalah(violation of AAOIFI Standard 30/4/5)

1. ABC buys RM10,000 worth of commodity from Broker A on credit.2. ABC sells the commodity to Customer with mark up price (RM 15,000) on deferred payment basis3. Customer sells the commodity to Broker A for cash (RM10,000)4. Broker A transfers (Hawalah) its right of the sale price (RM10,000) from ABC to Customer.5.ABC pays RM10,000 to Customer. 6. Customer owes ABC RM15,000.

45

Page 12: COMMODITY MURĀBAHAH And TAWARRUQ

ABC Islamic Bank

Customer

Broker A 1

2

3

Four Partite ‘Inah. (violation of AAOIFI Standard 30/4/5)

Broker B

Page 13: COMMODITY MURĀBAHAH And TAWARRUQ

ABC Islamic Bank

Customer

Broker A

ABC buys commodity from Broker A RM 10K on credit

1

2ABC sells the commodity to customer on deferred payment (mark up price), 15K

3

Four Partite Inah with Hawalah(violation of AAOIFI Standard 30/4/5)

Broker B

Customer sells the commodity for cashto broker B, 10K

Broker A transfers (hawalah) its rights (sale price) from ABC to Customer.This cannot be imagined except that Broker B and A are one entity or its proxy

Hawalah 10kABC paYs 10k

Page 14: COMMODITY MURĀBAHAH And TAWARRUQ

AAOFI Standard 30/4/5

• 30/4/5.The commodity (object of monetization) must be sold to a party other than the one from whom it was purchased on deferred payment basis (third party), so as to avoid ‘inah which is strictly prohibited. Moreover, the commodity should not return back to the seller by virtue of prior agreement or collusion between the two parties, or according to tradition. AAOIFI standar 30 on Tawaruq, pg. 526

Page 15: COMMODITY MURĀBAHAH And TAWARRUQ

ABC Islamic

Bank

Customer/Counter Bank

Customer wants to make fixed deposit with ABC, with a fixed return

As an Agent, ABC buys commodity from Broker 1

Customers sells the commodities to ABC at profit on deferred payment basis

2

6

5 a

4 b

3 a1

Customer requests ABC to act as agent (wakalah) to buy the commodity from the market and subsequently sells the commodity to the Bank

ABC sells commodity to BSAS on spot for cash

ABC settles amount due to Customer on deferred payment basis based on terms

3 b Ownership delivery on behalf of Customer

5 b Proceeds delivery

Commodity MurabahahHouse (BSAS)

Onward delivery of commodity ownership certificate

4 a

The sale of wakil to himself/a combination between agency to purchase in the first leg and the purchase contract in the second leg

(with the absence of 4a and 4b). Violation of AAOIFI Standard 30/4/7

Page 16: COMMODITY MURĀBAHAH And TAWARRUQ

Violation of AAOFI standar 30/4/6

• 4/6. The contract for purchasing the commodity on deferred payment basis and the contract for selling it for a spot price should not be linked together in such a way that the client looses his right to receive the commodity. Such linking of the two contracts is prohibited whether it is made through stipulation in the documents, acceptance as a normal tradition, or incorporation in the procedures. AAOIFI pg. 256

Page 17: COMMODITY MURĀBAHAH And TAWARRUQ

Cont’: Mistakes

4. Unnecessary Delegation (tawkil) to dispose or to purchase the commodity5.Concluding both the purchase of commodity and delegation to dispose contract at once

Page 18: COMMODITY MURĀBAHAH And TAWARRUQ

Violation of AAOFI Standard no 30/4/7

• 4/7: The client should not delegate the institution or its agent to sell, on his behalf, a commodity that he purchased from the same institution and, similarly, the institution should not accept such delegation. If however, the regulations do not permit the client to sell the commodity except through the same institution, he may delegate the institution to do so after he, actually or impliedly, receives the commodity. See AAOFI standards, pg. 526.

Page 19: COMMODITY MURĀBAHAH And TAWARRUQ

Cont’.Among the common mistakes

6. The debt obligation is established via customer’s undertaking, not sale contract7. Non existence of the commodity8. No real transfer of ownership over the commodity9. No proper recording, identification and tagging of the commodity10. Selling price is not known

Page 20: COMMODITY MURĀBAHAH And TAWARRUQ

Conclusion

• Among the other Sharīah issues are no identifications of the commodity, no taking ownership prior to sell, charging expensive fee for delivery of the commodity and no observation of the conditions and sequences of the sale transaction which may make it being artificial fancy contract to get liquidity, similar to conventional bank.