Communism and The Russian Revolution Communism and The Russian Revolution

Communism and The Communism and The Russian Revolution Russian Revolution

ObjectivesObjectives

Students will be able to explain the Students will be able to explain the main beliefs and values of Marxist main beliefs and values of Marxist Communism.Communism.

Students will be able to explain the Students will be able to explain the long-term and short-term causes of the long-term and short-term causes of the Russian Revolution.Russian Revolution.

Students will be able to explain the Students will be able to explain the long-term and short-term consequences long-term and short-term consequences of the Russian Revolution.of the Russian Revolution.

Karl Marx-LifeKarl Marx-Life

Marx was born in Marx was born in Prussia in 1818.Prussia in 1818.

He moves to He moves to France in 1843.France in 1843.

He meets Friedrich He meets Friedrich Engles in 1844.Engles in 1844.

Karl Marx-LifeKarl Marx-Life

In 1845 he is kicked out of France In 1845 he is kicked out of France and goes to Belgium where he meets and goes to Belgium where he meets the League of the Just.the League of the Just.

In 1847 he writes down the ideas of In 1847 he writes down the ideas of the League of the Just, which the League of the Just, which becomes the becomes the Communist Manifesto.Communist Manifesto.

He dies in London in 1883.He dies in London in 1883.

Karl Marx- ThoughtsKarl Marx- Thoughts

History is a series of class struggles.History is a series of class struggles. There are 2 classes: a group who There are 2 classes: a group who

owns the means of production owns the means of production (bourgeoisie) and those who work (bourgeoisie) and those who work (proletariat).(proletariat).

Believes that people are naturally Believes that people are naturally good and society and men can be good and society and men can be perfect.perfect.

Thoughts (con.)Thoughts (con.)

Working is a Working is a natural condition natural condition for man so it brings for man so it brings joy.joy.

Capitalism Capitalism alienates man. alienates man.

CommunismCommunism

The state or The state or government is the government is the vehicle of class vehicle of class domination.domination.

Political power is Political power is the organized the organized power of one class power of one class oppressing oppressing another.another.

Steps to create CommunismSteps to create Communism

Proletariat must Proletariat must unite and unite and overthrow the overthrow the bourgeoisie.bourgeoisie.

Make the Make the proletariat the proletariat the ruling class, create ruling class, create a democracy.a democracy.

Steps to CommunismSteps to Communism

Abolish propertyAbolish property Institute a heavy graduated taxInstitute a heavy graduated tax Abolish inheritanceAbolish inheritance Take property of immigrants and Take property of immigrants and

rebelsrebels Government takes control of banks Government takes control of banks

and communication, factories, and communication, factories, factors of production, and farms.factors of production, and farms.

September 23—Why do you think September 23—Why do you think Communism was popular after Communism was popular after

WWI?WWI?

Steps to CommunismSteps to Communism

Everyone works. Creation of Everyone works. Creation of industrial and agricultural armies.industrial and agricultural armies.

Equally distribute population over the Equally distribute population over the country.country.

Free education for all children in Free education for all children in public schools.public schools.

CommunismCommunism

When class distinctions have When class distinctions have disappeared and all production is in disappeared and all production is in the hands of the whole nation, the the hands of the whole nation, the government will be dissolved.government will be dissolved.

Key TermsKey Terms

Nicholas II Nicholas II March RevolutionMarch Revolution SovietsSoviets BolsheviksBolsheviks Treaty of Brest-LitovskTreaty of Brest-Litovsk

WWI and the RevolutionWWI and the Revolution

Russia was cut off from tradeRussia was cut off from trade Central Powers cut Russia’s land Central Powers cut Russia’s land

routes to the West and Russia’s routes to the West and Russia’s naval access to the Dardanelle naval access to the Dardanelle StraitsStraits

Trade was limited to the Siberian Trade was limited to the Siberian ports of Vladivostock and Archangel ports of Vladivostock and Archangel which were served by only 1 railroad which were served by only 1 railroad line.line.

Causes of the RevolutionCauses of the Revolution

Food shortages Food shortages began in 1914 began in 1914 when the military when the military requisitioned requisitioned railroad cars.railroad cars.

Causes of the RevolutionCauses of the Revolution Government inefficiency—Government inefficiency—

In September 1915 In September 1915 Nicholas assumed personal Nicholas assumed personal command of the Russian command of the Russian Army and disbanded the Army and disbanded the Duma.Duma.

After September 1915 After September 1915 political authority was in political authority was in the hands of Alexandria the hands of Alexandria and Rasputin. In a short and Rasputin. In a short time the two disorganized time the two disorganized the entire Russian the entire Russian government.government.

Causes of the RevolutionCauses of the Revolution

Russia was unprepared both Russia was unprepared both militarily and technologically for the militarily and technologically for the total war of World War I.total war of World War I.

Between 1914 and 1916, two million Between 1914 and 1916, two million soldiers were killed while another 4-6 soldiers were killed while another 4-6 million were wounded or captured.million were wounded or captured.

The March RevolutionThe March Revolution

On March 8, 1917 about 100,000 On March 8, 1917 about 100,000 women marched through Petrograd women marched through Petrograd demanding “Peace and Bread” and demanding “Peace and Bread” and “Down with Autocracy.”“Down with Autocracy.”

Women and workers called for a Women and workers called for a general strike and all the factories in general strike and all the factories in the city were shut down.the city were shut down.


On March 10 On March 10 Nicholas ordered Nicholas ordered troops to break up troops to break up the crowds by the crowds by shooting them if shooting them if necessary. Initially necessary. Initially the troops did so, the troops did so, but soon many but soon many soldiers began to soldiers began to join the join the demonstrators.demonstrators.

September 26—What do you September 26—What do you know about VI Lenin?know about VI Lenin?


On March 12, the Duma established On March 12, the Duma established a provisional government.a provisional government.

Nicholas II resigned on March 15.Nicholas II resigned on March 15. The new provisional government The new provisional government

decided to remain in the war which decided to remain in the war which left the peasants and workers left the peasants and workers unsatisified.unsatisified.

The SovietsThe Soviets

Councils composed of Councils composed of representatives from the workers representatives from the workers and soldiers.and soldiers.

Were largely made up of socialists, Were largely made up of socialists, who represented the more radical who represented the more radical interests of the lower class.interests of the lower class.

The SovietsThe Soviets

Were divided into 2 groups: Were divided into 2 groups: Mensheviks and BolsheviksMensheviks and Bolsheviks

Mensheviks wanted the socialists to Mensheviks wanted the socialists to cooperate temporarily in a cooperate temporarily in a parliamentary democracy while parliamentary democracy while working toward creating a socialist working toward creating a socialist state.state.

BolsheviksBolsheviks

Led by Vladimir Led by Vladimir LeninLenin

Became a party Became a party dedicated to dedicated to violent revolution.violent revolution.


Lenin realized that the soviets were Lenin realized that the soviets were ready-made instruments of power. ready-made instruments of power. He had the Bolsheviks gain control of He had the Bolsheviks gain control of these groups and then used them to these groups and then used them to overthrow the provisional overthrow the provisional government.government.


Promised an end to the warPromised an end to the war Redistribution of all land to the Redistribution of all land to the

peasantspeasants Transfer of factories and industries Transfer of factories and industries

from capitalists to committees of from capitalists to committees of workersworkers

Transfer of government power to the Transfer of government power to the sovietssoviets

Support of the militarySupport of the military

The Petrograd The Petrograd Soviet issued Army Soviet issued Army Order Number 1 in Order Number 1 in March 1917 and by March 1917 and by July the army had July the army had dissolved as an dissolved as an effective fighting effective fighting force as masses of force as masses of soldiers deserted.soldiers deserted.

Bolshevik RevolutionBolshevik Revolution

During the night of During the night of November 6, November 6, Bolshevik forces Bolshevik forces seized the Winter seized the Winter Palace and the Palace and the government government quickly dissolved.quickly dissolved.

Effects of the Russian RevolutionEffects of the Russian Revolution

On March 3, 1918 Lenin signed the Treaty On March 3, 1918 Lenin signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany.of Brest-Litovsk with Germany.

Russia gave up regions containing 25% of Russia gave up regions containing 25% of their population and much of its wealth.their population and much of its wealth.


Between 1918 and 1921, the Between 1918 and 1921, the Communists or Red Army fought a Communists or Red Army fought a civil war against the White Army.civil war against the White Army.

The White Army was supported by The White Army was supported by foreign forces. At 1 point, over foreign forces. At 1 point, over 100,000 foreign troops, mostly 100,000 foreign troops, mostly Japanese, British, American and Japanese, British, American and French were stationed on Russian French were stationed on Russian soil.soil.

Effects of the Russian Effects of the Russian RevolutionRevolution

White Army was split between those White Army was split between those who supported the tsar and those who supported the tsar and those who wanted democracy.who wanted democracy.

By 1920, the major White forces had By 1920, the major White forces had been defeated and the foreign troops been defeated and the foreign troops left after the troops mutinied since left after the troops mutinied since they had not desire to fight and they had not desire to fight and perhaps die in Russia.perhaps die in Russia.


At the Versailles Conference, the At the Versailles Conference, the Allies suggested a boundary for Allies suggested a boundary for Poland that would set the Poles to Poland that would set the Poles to the west and non-Poles to the east. the west and non-Poles to the east.

The Polish government wanted The Polish government wanted “historic” boundaries which required “historic” boundaries which required Russia to surrender all land west of Russia to surrender all land west of the 1772 border.the 1772 border.

Russia refused.Russia refused.


Poland launched an attack in the Poland launched an attack in the spring of 1920 and by October the spring of 1920 and by October the two sides agreed to a new frontier two sides agreed to a new frontier short of the 1772 border.short of the 1772 border.

It left 4 million non-Poles inside It left 4 million non-Poles inside Poland, a humiliation which Soviet Poland, a humiliation which Soviet forces were quick to avenge in 1939.forces were quick to avenge in 1939.


On July 16, 1918 On July 16, 1918 Nicholas II and his Nicholas II and his family are family are executedexecuted

Romanov dynasty Romanov dynasty which had ruled which had ruled Russia for 300 Russia for 300 years comes to an years comes to an end.end.

AP p. 746-757AP p. 746-757

Sacco and VanzettiSacco and Vanzetti KKKKKK Emergency Quota Act of 1921Emergency Quota Act of 1921 Immigration Act of 1924Immigration Act of 1924 John T. Scopes John T. Scopes

Compare and Contrast Marxism Compare and Contrast Marxism and Leninismand Leninism

Marxism Leninism Country must be

industrialized History is a series of

struggles between bourgeoisie and proletariat

First step is a revolution of a proletariat followed by a dictatorship of the proletariat that redistributes land and wealth.

When there are no more classes, the government is disbanded.

Country is agricultural Struggle is between the

peasants and landowners Intelligentsia (educated

people) are going to unite peasants and lead them in a revolution

Dictatorship of Intelligentsia begins industrialization and redistributes land and wealth

When there are no more classes, the government is disbanded.

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Communism and The Russian Revolution Communism and The Russian Revolution