0G0G

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Wireless telephone started with what you might call 0G if you can remember back that far. The great ancestor is the mobile telephone service that became available just after World War II. In those pre-cell days, you had a mobile operator to set up the calls and there were only a handful of channels available.

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These early mobile telephone systems can be distinguished from earlier closed radiotelephone systems in that they were available as a commercial service that was part of the public switched telephone network, with their own telephone numbers, rather than part of a closed network such as a police radio or taxi dispatch system.These mobile telephones were usually mounted in cars or trucks, though briefcase models were also made. Typically, the transceiver (transmitter-receiver) was mounted in the vehicle trunk and attached to the "head" (dial, display, and handset) mounted near the driver seat.They were sold through WCCs (Wireline Common Carriers, AKA telephone companies), RCCs (Radio Common Carriers), and two-way radio dealers.Early examples for this technology:Motorola in conjunction with the Bell System operated the first commercial mobile telephone service MTS in the US in 1946, as a service of the wireline telephone company.

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The 1G cellular telephone system divided cities into small cells. This division allowed extensive frequency reuse across a city, allowing millions to use cell phones simultaneously.

1G cell phone technology encompassed analog standards introduced in the 1980s and continued until replaced by 2G digital cell phones

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Second Generation Cellular Communication (2G)

2G digital technologies can be divided into two standards:

TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) - GSM: Originally from Europe but used worldwide - iDEN: Proprietary network used by Nextel in the US - PDC: Used exclusively in Japan

CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) - IS-95: Commonly referred to as CDMA and used in the Americas and parts of Asia

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Third Generation Cellular Communication (3G) 3G networks provide the ability to transfer voice data and non-voice data (music downloads, emails and instant messaging) over the same network simultaneously.

3G networks deliver broadband capacity and support greater numbers of voice and data customers at lower incremental costs than 2G.

Standards: - W-CDMA: Wideband Code Division Multiple Access

- EVDO: Evolution-Data Optimized

3G VS. 4G

Less Complexity, Faster Transmission

Unlike the 3G networks which are a combination of circuit switched and packet switched networks, 4G will be based on packet switching only. This will allow low-latency data transmission.

3G

Leading U.S. Carrier 3G EVDO network currently averages 400 to 700 Kbps with peak

rates up to 2 Mbps.

4G

International Carrier is testing 4G communication at 100 Mbps while moving, and 1

Gbps while stationary.

3G VS. 4G

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4G POSSIBILITIES

Enhanced Mobile Gaming 4G4G3G3G

2G2G1G1G0G0G

Experience enhanced wireless capabilities that deliver mobile gaming interaction with latency less than five milliseconds.

Play online multiplayer games while traveling at high speeds or sitting outside.

4G POSSIBILITIES

Personal Media Repository

Create a personal media repository that can be accessed from home and on the road to view photos, watch movies and listen to your personal music collection.

4G4G3G3G

2G2G1G1G0G0G

4G POSSIBILITIES

Virtual Presence

Use hologram-generating virtual reality programs that provide an artificial presence just about anywhere.

For example, decide if you want to personally respond when someone rings your front door while you are away from home.

4G4G3G3G

2G2G1G1G0G0G

4G POSSIBILITIES

Broadband Access in Remote Locations

4G networks will provide a wireless alternative for broadband access to residential and business customers.

In addition, 4G will provide the first opportunity for broadband access in remote locations without an infrastructure to support cable or DSL access.

4G4G3G3G

2G2G1G1G0G0G

WIMAX

World Interoperability for Microwave Access There are two main applications of WiMAX:

1) Fixed WiMAX (IEEE 802.16-2004) - Fixed WiMAX applications are point-to-multipoint enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL for homes and businesses.

2) Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e-2005) - Mobile WiMAX offers the full mobility of cellular networks at true broadband speeds.

WIMAXFixed WiMAX Architecture

WIMAXMobile WiMAX Architecture

WIMAX ADOPTIONFixed WiMAX Adoption

Fixed WiMAX is currently available however the adoption rate is impacted by the high cost of equipment in comparison to cable or DSL.

Fixed WiMAX provides greater benefits for developing countries that do not already have physical infrastructure to support wired broadband access.

Mobile WiMAX Adoption

Mobile WiMAX equipment will arrive to carriers toward the end of 2007. However, mobile equipment testing typically takes between 12 to 18 months before the equipment is introduced to the consumer market.

WIMAX VS. WI-FI WiMAX / Wi-Fi Comparison WiMAX and Wi-Fi are somewhat independent,

addressing slightly different needs.

WiMAX uses private, licensed spectrum and provides Wi-Fi-like service with guaranteed performance to larger public areas, similar in coverage to cellular networks today.

Wi-Fi uses shared spectrum and operates at short distances, making it ideal for low-cost, private networks (where usage of the network is constrained to an office building or campus) or free public systems (where service guarantees are not required).

THE ROAD AHEADGOING FORWARD WITH 4G

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4G ACCESS OPTIONS

Embed 4G technology into all end-user devices

Develop mobile

personal gateways

Develop external interfaces with 4G peripherals

Embedded Laptop Partnerships

Potential 4G Peripherals

Smaller footprint peripherals have a greater potential to support multiple devices.

PCMCIA Express Card USB Compact Flash Secure Digital

Availability of Peripheral Interfaces

Source: Availability based on direct interface or available adapters

        ExpressCard 54 Slot

        ExpressCard 34 Slot

        PCMCIA

        Ethernet Port

        Firewire Port

        SD I/O Card Slot

        Wi-Fi

        Bluetooth

        USB

PS3PSPXbox 360PDA

Digital Camera

Video CameraDesktopLaptop

Closing ThoughtsThe lack of clarity and overuse of the term 4G could prove its biggest opportunity, or could spell its premature demise.

As carriers begin to rollout 3G the term 4G may be rendered meaningless by lack of definition.

However, the rollout of mobile broadband will have a profound impact on the way we work and live.

Closing Thoughts