Presentacin de PowerPoint

La Competitividad y el Sector Construccin en Amrica Latina

Oficina de Polticas Pblicas y CompetitividadCorporacin Andina de Fomento

26 de septiembre de 2008

Ing. Enrique Cceres

1ContenidoQu es esto de la Competitividad?La competitividad de la regin a nivel macro. Aspectos relacionados con la infraestructura y la construccinEl sector construccin Retos y oportunidades para el sector construccin2Qu es esto de la Competitividad?3CompetitividadConceptos (macro, sectorial y empresarial):

Capacidad de competir en mercados nacionales o de resistir a la competencia internacional Capacidad de generar valor o de mantener una alta productividad

Competitividad Responsable: Capacidad de generar valor de forma sostenible (efectos ambientales y participacin en beneficios) y transparente (accountability).

Objetivo

El logro de una mayor competitividad no es un fin en si mismo tanto para la poltica econmica como para la estrategia a nivel empresarial. Es el conseguir y estructurar un medio para lograr mejoras en el bienestar de la poblacin a nivel de regiones o pases y de sus grupos de inters o stakeholders a nivel de las empresas.Competitividad macroLos factores que determinan la competitividad en una economa son mltiples. Diferentes marcos conceptuales validan y dan importancia a diferentes variables.

Las mediciones ms conocidas a nivel de pases de la competitividad incluyen las reportadas por

El Foro Econmico Mundial (FEM)

El International Institute for Managemet Development (IMD).

Estos ndices se basan en datos duros y en encuestas de opinin que miden una serie de variables asociadas con la capacidad de los pases de generar valor. Sus marcos conceptuales y la inclusin de variables son ajustados y evolucionan con el tiempo

Requerimientos Bsicos Instituciones Infraestructura Macroeconoma Salud y Educacin PrimariaElemento clave para economas impulsadas por la Dotacin de FactoresMejoras en la Eficiencia Educacin Secundaria y Entrenamiento Eficiencia del Mercado de bienes Eficiencia del Mercado de trabajo Sofisticacin del mercado financiero Preparacin TecnolgicaTamao del mercadoElemento clave para economas impulsadas por la EficienciaFactores de Innovacin y Sofisticacin Sofisticacin de Negocios InnovacinElemento clave para economas impulsadas por la InnovacinFactores de Competitividad, FEM 2007-8Competitividad Responsable, segn Accountability ndice de Competitividad Responsablendice de Competitividad ResponsableCompromiso de los EstadosFirma y ratificacin de los tratados internacionalesRatificacin de los derechos laborales Rigidez del ndice de empleoSeveridad de las regulaciones laboralesEmisiones de CO2 por billones de dlaresEmpleo de mujeres en el sector privadoImpuesto de responsabilidad ambientalCompromiso de los EstadosCompromiso de los EstadosFirma y ratificaciFirma y ratificacin de los tratados n de los tratados internacionalesinternacionalesRatificaciRatificacin de los derechos n de los derechos laborales laborales Rigidez del Rigidez del ndice de empleondice de empleoSeveridad de las regulaciones Severidad de las regulaciones laboraleslaboralesEmisiones de CO2 por billones de Emisiones de CO2 por billones de ddlareslaresEmpleo de mujeres en el sector Empleo de mujeres en el sector privadoprivadoImpuesto de responsabilidad Impuesto de responsabilidad ambientalambientalActuar de las empresasEficacia de las juntas directivasComportamiento tico de las firmasIgualdad salarial en trabajos similaresFortaleza de los sistemas de auditoria y contabilidadAlcance del entrenamiento del personalRatio de certificacin ISOAccidentes laborales Actuar de las empresasActuar de las empresasEficacia de las juntas directivasEficacia de las juntas directivasComportamiento Comportamiento tico de las tico de las firmasfirmasIgualdad salarial en trabajos Igualdad salarial en trabajos similaressimilaresFortaleza de los sistemas de Fortaleza de los sistemas de auditoria y contabilidadauditoria y contabilidadAlcance del entrenamiento del Alcance del entrenamiento del personalpersonalRatio de certificaciRatio de certificacin ISOn ISOAccidentes laborales Accidentes laborales Aspectos culturales e institucionales complementariosndice de percepcin de la corrupcinOrientacin de los consumidoresLibertad de prensaTransparencia en las transaccionesMembresa NGOLibertades civilesImpacto del aire y agua limpios en las operaciones de los negociosAspectos culturales e Aspectos culturales e institucionales institucionales complementarioscomplementariosndice de percepcindice de percepcin de la n de la corrupcicorrupcinnOrientaciOrientacin de los n de los consumidoresconsumidoresLibertad de prensaLibertad de prensaTransparencia en las Transparencia en las transaccionestransaccionesMembresMembresa NGOa NGOLibertades civilesLibertades civilesImpacto del aire y agua limpios Impacto del aire y agua limpios en las operaciones de los en las operaciones de los negociosnegociosFuente: Accountability 2007ndice de Competitividad Responsablendice de Competitividad ResponsableCompromiso de los EstadosFirma y ratificacin de los tratados internacionalesRatificacin de los derechos laborales Rigidez del ndice de empleoSeveridad de las regulaciones laboralesEmisiones de CO2 por billones de dlaresEmpleo de mujeres en el sector privadoImpuesto de responsabilidad ambientalCompromiso de los EstadosCompromiso de los EstadosFirma y ratificaciFirma y ratificacin de los tratados n de los tratados internacionalesinternacionalesRatificaciRatificacin de los derechos n de los derechos laborales laborales Rigidez del Rigidez del ndice de empleondice de empleoSeveridad de las regulaciones Severidad de las regulaciones laboraleslaboralesEmisiones de CO2 por billones de Emisiones de CO2 por billones de ddlareslaresEmpleo de mujeres en el sector Empleo de mujeres en el sector privadoprivadoImpuesto de responsabilidad Impuesto de responsabilidad ambientalambientalActuar de las empresasEficacia de las juntas directivasComportamiento tico de las firmasIgualdad salarial en trabajos similaresFortaleza de los sistemas de auditoria y contabilidadAlcance del entrenamiento del personalRatio de certificacin ISOAccidentes laborales Actuar de las empresasActuar de las empresasEficacia de las juntas directivasEficacia de las juntas directivasComportamiento Comportamiento tico de las tico de las firmasfirmasIgualdad salarial en trabajos Igualdad salarial en trabajos similaressimilaresFortaleza de los sistemas de Fortaleza de los sistemas de auditoria y contabilidadauditoria y contabilidadAlcance del entrenamiento del Alcance del entrenamiento del personalpersonalRatio de certificaciRatio de certificacin ISOn ISOAccidentes laborales Accidentes laborales Aspectos culturales e institucionales complementariosndice de percepcin de la corrupcinOrientacin de los consumidoresLibertad de prensaTransparencia en las transaccionesMembresa NGOLibertades civilesImpacto del aire y agua limpios en las operaciones de los negociosAspectos culturales e Aspectos culturales e institucionales institucionales complementarioscomplementariosndice de percepcindice de percepcin de la n de la corrupcicorrupcinnOrientaciOrientacin de los n de los consumidoresconsumidoresLibertad de prensaLibertad de prensaTransparencia en las Transparencia en las transaccionestransaccionesMembresMembresa NGOa NGOLibertades civilesLibertades civilesImpacto del aire y agua limpios Impacto del aire y agua limpios en las operaciones de los en las operaciones de los negociosnegociosndice de Competitividad Responsablendice de Competitividad ResponsableCompromiso de los EstadosFirma y ratificacin de los tratados internacionalesRatificacin de los derechos laborales Rigidez del ndice de empleoSeveridad de las regulaciones laboralesEmisiones de CO2 por billones de dlaresEmpleo de mujeres en el sector privadoImpuesto de responsabilidad ambientalCompromiso de los EstadosCompromiso de los EstadosFirma y ratificaciFirma y ratificacin de los tratados n de los tratados internacionalesinternacionalesRatificaciRatificacin de los derechos n de los derechos laborales laborales Rigidez del Rigidez del ndice de empleondice de empleoSeveridad de las regulaciones Severidad de las regulaciones laboraleslaboralesEmisiones de CO2 por billones de Emisiones de CO2 por billones de ddlareslaresEmpleo de mujeres en el sector Empleo de mujeres en el sector privadoprivadoImpuesto de responsabilidad Impuesto de responsabilidad ambientalambientalActuar de las empresasEficacia de las juntas directivasComportamiento tico de las firmasIgualdad salarial en trabajos similaresFortaleza de los sistemas de auditoria y contabilidadAlcance del entrenamiento del personalRatio de certificacin ISOAccidentes laborales Actuar de las empresasActuar de las empresasEficacia de las juntas directivasEficacia de las juntas directivasComportamiento Comportamiento tico de las tico de las firmasfirmasIgualdad salarial en trabajos Igualdad salarial en trabajos similaressimilaresFortaleza de los sistemas de Fortaleza de los sistemas de auditoria y contabilidadauditoria y contabilidadAlcance del entrenamiento del Alcance del entrenamiento del personalpersonalRatio de certificaciRatio de certificacin ISOn ISOAccidentes laborales Accidentes laborales Aspectos culturales e institucionales complementariosndice de percepcin de la corrupcinOrientacin de los consumidoresLibertad de prensaTransparencia en las transaccionesMembresa NGOLibertades civilesImpacto del aire y agua limpios en las operaciones de los negociosAspectos culturales e Aspectos culturales e institucionales institucionales complementarioscomplementariosndice de percepcindice de percepcin de la n de la corrupcicorrupcinnOrientaciOrientacin de los n de los consumidoresconsumidoresLibertad de prensaLibertad de prensaTransparencia en las Transparencia en las transaccionestransaccionesMembresMembresa NGOa NGOLibertades civilesLibertades civilesImpacto del aire y agua limpios Impacto del aire y agua limpios en las operaciones de los en las operaciones de los negociosnegociosCompromiso de los EstadosFirma y ratificacin de los tratados internacionalesRatificacin de los derechos laborales Rigidez del ndice de empleoSeveridad de las regulaciones laboralesEmisiones de CO2 por billones de dlaresEmpleo de mujeres en el sector privadoImpuesto de responsabilidad ambientalCompromiso de los EstadosCompromiso de los EstadosFirma y ratificaciFirma y ratificacin de los tratados n de los tratados internacionalesinternacionalesRatificaciRatificacin de los derechos n de los derechos laborales laborales Rigidez del Rigidez del ndice de empleondice de empleoSeveridad de las regulaciones Severidad de las regulaciones laboraleslaboralesEmisiones de CO2 por billones de Emisiones de CO2 por billones de ddlareslaresEmpleo de mujeres en el sector Empleo de mujeres en el sector privadoprivadoImpuesto de responsabilidad Impuesto de responsabilidad ambientalambientalActuar de las empresasEficacia de las juntas directivasComportamiento tico de las firmasIgualdad salarial en trabajos similaresFortaleza de los sistemas de auditoria y contabilidadAlcance del entrenamiento del personalRatio de certificacin ISOAccidentes laborales Actuar de las empresasActuar de las empresasEficacia de las juntas directivasEficacia de las juntas directivasComportamiento Comportamiento tico de las tico de las firmasfirmasIgualdad salarial en trabajos Igualdad salarial en trabajos similaressimilaresFortaleza de los sistemas de Fortaleza de los sistemas de auditoria y contabilidadauditoria y contabilidadAlcance del entrenamiento del Alcance del entrenamiento del personalpersonalRatio de certificaciRatio de certificacin ISOn ISOAccidentes laborales Accidentes laborales Aspectos culturales e institucionales complementariosndice de percepcin de la corrupcinOrientacin de los consumidoresLibertad de prensaTransparencia en las transaccionesMembresa NGOLibertades civilesImpacto del aire y agua limpios en las operaciones de los negociosAspectos culturales e Aspectos culturales e institucionales institucionales complementarioscomplementariosndice de percepcindice de percepcin de la n de la corrupcicorrupcinnOrientaciOrientacin de los n de los consumidoresconsumidoresLibertad de prensaLibertad de prensaTransparencia en las Transparencia en las transaccionestransaccionesMembresMembresa NGOa NGOLibertades civilesLibertades civilesImpacto del aire y agua limpios Impacto del aire y agua limpios en las operaciones de los en las operaciones de los negociosnegociosFuente: Accountability 2007 Relacin del ingreso per cpita a/ (US$, 2005) con el ndice de competitividad global (2005-2006)Fuente: CAF, RED 2006Importancia de la competitividad macroa/ Logaritmo del PIB per cpita en paridad de poder adquisitivo a precios corrientes, US$ 2005.

8Condiciones de demandaLa presencia de consumidores locales demandantes y sofisticados:Expectativas de los altos consumidores Las necesidades de los consumidores locales se anticipan a los dems lugares Demanda local inusual en segmentos especializados que pueden ser desarrollados a nivel nacional o global.Condiciones de los factoresLa eficiencia, calidad y especializacin de los factores disponibles para las firmas: Recursos naturales Recursos humanos Recursos de capital Infraestructura fsica Infraestructura administrativa Infraestructura de informacin Infraestructura cientfica y tecnolgicaEstrategia, estructura de la empresa y rivalidad Contexto local y reglas que fomenten la inversin y la productividad Contexto de apertura y competencia local, especialmente entre rivales locales.Competitividad sectorial: Diamante de PorterIndustrias relacionadas y de apoyoAcceso a proveedores locales capacitados e industrias relacionadas Presencia de clusters en vez de industrias aisladas Una firma puede ser vista como un entramado contractual entre stakeholders y dentro de un entorno cercano (que puede ser un cluster):PropietariosProveedores y ClientesGobiernoSistema FinancieroEmpleadosGestinEntorno cercano (cluster?)Competitividad EmpresarialSu capacidad de generar valor de forma sostenible depender de los costos de transaccin y externalidades asociadas a cada uno de estas dimensiones. Innovacin

Eficiencia esttica y dinmica La competitividad de la regin a nivel macro. Aspectos relacionados con la infraestructura y la construccin

111111

Fuente: Foro Econmico Mundial (The Global Competitiveness Report 2007-2008)Existen deficiencias severas en todos los pilares

Fuente: Foro Econmico Mundial (The Global Competitiveness Report 2007-2008)Se mantienen retos importantes en todas las dimensiones... amplindose en trminos relativosFuente: Foro Econmico Mundial (The Global Competitiveness Report 2007-2008)

Chile (26)Mxico (52) Panam (59)Costa Rica (63)El Salvador (67)Colombia (69) Brasil (72)Uruguay (75)Jamaica (78)Trinidad y Tobago (84) Honduras (83)Argentina (85)Per (86)Guatemala (87)Rep. Dom. (96) Venezuela (98)Ecuador (103)Bolivia (105)Nicaragua (111)Paraguay (121)ndice de Competitividad para el Crecimiento 2007-2008(puesto en un total de 131 pases)Amrica Latina y el Caribe:20Puesto Promedio:81Fuente: Foro Econmico Mundial (The Global Competitiveness Report 2007-2008)Rezago en competitividad

Chile (24)Costa Rica (36)Jamaica (38)Per (45)Trinidad y Tobago (46) El Salvador (49)Uruguay (52)Colombia (55) Brasil (56)Mxico (57) Panam (62)Argentina (66) Rep. Dom. (69) Guatemala (72)Honduras (75)Venezuela (76)Nicaragua (77) Ecuador (79)Bolivia (84)Paraguay (86)ndice de Responsabilidad Social 2007(puesto en un total de 108 pases)Amrica Latina y el Caribe:20Puesto Promedio:60Fuente: Accountability, 2007Rezago en competitividadRezago en el entorno de negocios

Facilidad para hacer negocios- Ranking sobre 175 pases -Fuente: Banco Mundial, Doing Business 2007Rezago en Infraestructura

Carreteras pavimentadas

Generacin elctrica (mediana por regin)

Suscripcin a lneas fijas y mviles (mediana por regin)

Costos de transporte e infraestructura por grupos de pasesFuente: Elaboracin propia, Banco Mundial (2006), Banco Mundial (2003), Banco Mundial (2001)

Fuente: Foro Econmico Mundial (The Global Competitiveness Report 2006-2007)Calidad de la infraestructuraRanking en dificultad de obtencin de licencias de construccinFuente: Banco Mundial, Doing Business 2008

Dificultad de obtencin de licencias de construccinFuente: Banco Mundial, Doing Business 2008

Retos para la competitividad en la reginLa importancia relativa vara entre los pases y responde a sus especificidades. A nivel regional los principales retos estn en:

Estabilidad macroeconmica y desarrollo financiero

Instituciones

Educacin

Innovacin

Transformacin productiva

Infraestructura y entorno de negocios para la construccin

El sector construccin232323Sector Construccin: Hipersector compuesto por varios sectoresMaquinariaConstructorMaterialesPromotorServicios tcnicos(Ingenieros, arquitectos, laboratorios de construccinPropietarios, concesionarias y usuario finalAdministracinFuente: Tecnalia, Corporacin TecnolgicaDiferentes clasificaciones (CPC 1.1 , CIIU-3 o W120), incluyen diferentes servicios y actividades. Comprende: obras nuevas, ampliaciones, reformas y renovacin de edificaciones y obras de ingeniera civil; trabajos previos, preparacin y adecuacin de terrenos, demoliciones, excavacin y movimiento de tierras, montaje e instalacin de prefabricados as como los trabajos especializados. Est directamente relacionado con servicios de arquitectura e ingeniera

El sector construccinLa industria de la construccin es un sector clave que provee la infraestructura para todos los dems sectores de la industria. Siempre ha sido considerada como una industria importante en la creacin de empleo y el apoyo al crecimiento.

Constituye uno de los sectores ms grandes en la economa por si solo. En la mayora de las economas, la participacin de la construccin en el PIB total est entre el 5%-7% (mucho mayor considerando sus encadenamientos).

Sector heterogneo y fragmentado donde la mayora de las empresas del sector son Mipymes y donde hay bajas barreras de acceso a nuevos competidores

PIB Construccin como % del PIB Total para Amrica LatinaFuente: Estadsticas CEPAL, 2007Participacin importante dentro del PIB

Fuente: Estadsticas CEPAL, 2007Crecimiento del PIB Amrica Latina (%)Sector pro cclico y voltilCaractersticas del sector construccinEn lo que respecta a sus caractersticas tecnolgicas y productivas es ms intensivo en mano de obra que otros sectores. Adicionalmente es complejo por la separacin en el tiempo y en el espacio de las etapas del diseo y de los procesos constructivos (dispersin geogrfica) y la unicidad y singularidad por una poca repetitividad

La subcontratacin es una prctica empresarial muy extendida en el sector que ha ido ganando peso a lo largo del tiempo, es generalizada en todos los tipos de obras y es mayor cuanto mayor es la empresa. Hay tambin un predominio del sistema de licitacin

La mayora de las empresas del sector consideran a la innovacin como alejada de sus necesidades y problemas por lo que no suelen conocer los SNI ni implicar a otros agentes de la cadena de valor en sus procesos de innovacin. Adicionalmente, la toma de decisin en los concursos pblicos no favorece, en general, la induccin de innovacin

Retos y oportunidades para el sector construccin

292929Competitividad sectorial: OportunidadesCondiciones de demandaCondiciones de los factoresIndustrias relacionadas y de apoyoEstrategia, estructura del sector y rivalidadLa importancia relativa vara entre los pases y segmentos del sector respondiendo a sus especificidades.Retos y oportunidades para la competitividad del sector construccinCondiciones de la demanda. Mercados y clientes:

Seguimiento de las oportunidades y nuevos retos que plantea la demanda (pblica y privada) partiendo de importantes dficits en la regin (vivienda e infraestructura)

Asociado al crecimiento econmico y a la poltica y las finanzas pblicas.Importancia de participacin en el desarrollo de poltica pblica: Ej. Programas de vivienda y de desarrollo de infraestructura

Participacin en el desarrollo de la legislacin y regulacin, incluyendo su claridad y simplificacin:Desarrollo territorial: gestin del suelo y desarrollo de infraestructura de servicios (integralidad)Contratacin pblica (licitaciones)Simplificacin de trmitesAmbiental y de seguridadRegulacin sectorial (ej. servicios pblicos)Retos y oportunidades para la competitividad del sector construccinCondiciones de la demanda. Insercin internacional:

Existencia de oportunidades de comercio exterior de servicios (4 modos). Su aprovechamiento sugiere:Avances en calificacin, certificacin y reconocimiento mutuoAlianzas internacionales y aprovechamiento de participacin extranjera en transferencia de know-how.Posiciones ofensivas en las negociaciones comerciales internacionales sobre el tema (incluyendo de compras pblicas)

Condiciones de los factores. Financiamiento:

Retos relacionados con el financiamientoInversin pblica y trabajo en esquemas de riesgo compartidoDesarrollo de la oferta de instrumentos financieros (plazos y distribucin de riesgos). Trabajo con agentes del mercado (ej AFPs, bolsas, etc.) , reguladores y supervisoresRetos y oportunidades para la competitividad del sector construccinCondiciones de los Factores e industrias relacionadas:

Desarrollo de proveedores incluyendo internacionales (trmites y aranceles)Subcontratacin y relaciones de largo plazoEstandarizacin de insumos y servicios

Importancia de la formacin y capacitacinParticipacin activa en el desarrollo y pertinencia de la oferta de formacin externa y desarrollo de programas de formacin dentro de las empresas

Importancia del I+DRequiere de esfuerzos directos y de participacin dentro de los SNISeguimiento a mltiples tecnologas relacionadas: robtica, automatizacin, diseo, reciclaje y recuperacin de residuos, inspeccin, equipos y maquinaria, energticas, materiales, TICs, etcRetos y oportunidades para la competitividad del sector construccinEstrategia, estructura del sector y rivalidad:

GestinFormalizacin empresarial y planeacin estratgica (largo plazo)Estandarizacin de procesos y certificaciones de calidadUso de sistemas de informacin y control y de gestin del conocimiento. Sistemas de benchmarkingManejo de riesgos

Oportunidades de asociacin y trabajo conjunto (cooperar compitiendo) fortalecimiento de clusters y articulacin de cadenas productivas Bsqueda de economas de escala

Gobierno corporativo

Responsabilidad social empresarialLa regin enfrenta importantes retos para la mejora de su competitividad. Uno de sus aspectos ms crticos est relacionado con la infraestructura.

El sector construccin es un hipersector de importancia estratgica y con grandes retos y oportunidades

El campo de accin para la mejora de su competitividad es muy amplio e incluye acciones relacionados con el marco regulatorio y de poltica pblica, con sus mercados, sus insumos, sus industrias relacionadas y con la gestin empresarial

ConclusionesElPanorama Econmico Nacionalal terminar el ao, se mostr alentador, la Produccin Nacional en el 2010, registr una expansin del8.78%, describiendo una recuperacin, frente a la desaceleracin presentada el ao 2009, acumulando de este modo doce aos de crecimiento consecutivo.Este crecimiento es sustentado por el dinamismo favorable de la mayora de los sectores econmicos.

ElSector Construccincontina como punta de lanza del dinamismo econmico, creci12.49% en diciembre del ao 2010, se estima que para enero y febrero del 2011se presenten cifras similares. La variacin acumulada del 2010 es de17.44%. Esta expansin se fundamenta en la ejecucin de las obras de infraestructura e inmobiliaria. Los precios de los Materiales de Construccin para el mes defebrero del 2011presentan una variacin positiva de1.28%.

Es importante sealar que la Poblacin Econmicamente Activa en el Sector Construccin en el mes deeenro del 2011presenta un crecimiento del13.20%. En resumen, el comportamiento de los indicadores presentados el 2010 y en el primes bimestre del 2011, permiten sealar que seguirn en crecimiento.

Grfico112616243337546273778485969698108115121123134139164167

Hoja1Dealing with Construction PermitsRegion or EconomyProcedures (number)Duration (days)Cost (% of income per capita)East Asia & Pacific19.1174.3171Eastern Europe & Central Asia23.6257.2680.4Latin America & Caribbean16.8229.3248.6Middle East & North Africa19.3186.6433.3OECD15.4161.556.7South Asia16.1244.62340.9Sub-Saharan Africa17.2271.12574.4Afghanistan1334014918.9Albania24331435Algeria2224046.8Angola12328831.1Antigua and Barbuda1315625.8Argentina28338183.31Armenia1911628Australia1622113.2Austria1319470.4Azerbaijan31207522.6Bahamas, the18197241.6Bahrain135657.2Bangladesh14231739.8Belarus1721039.2Belgium1416965.2Belize116617.81Benin15410303.6Bhutan25183158.4Bolivia17249121.61Bosnia and Herz.16296666.9Botswana24167311.9Brazil1841146.71Brunei321675.3Bulgaria24139493.6Burkina Faso15214577.9Burundi203848515.8Cte d'Ivoire2370964.3Cambodia154261277.2Cameroon1475103.7Canada18120639.1Cape Verde21239278.9Central African Republic9181974.7Chad18155101.3Chile37336698.41China13114661.6Colombia1816477.91Comoros143221725.8Congo, Dem. Rep.14169345.6Congo, Rep.23191211.7Costa Rica21628243.31Croatia19410655.2Czech Republic3618016.9Denmark66960.9Djibouti14195982.8Dominica1318212.81Dominican Republic1721493.21Ecuador19155272.71Egypt28249376.7El Salvador34155176.31Equatorial Guinea18201159.4Eritreano practiceno practiceno practiceEstonia1411827.5Ethiopia12128790.7Fiji1913551.2Finland1838118.3France1313723.8Gabon1621039.4Gambia, the17146394Georgia1211320.3Germany1210062.2Ghana182201282.6Greece1516946.4Grenada1014931.11Guatemala222151204.11Guinea32255243Guinea-Bissau151672628.8Guyana11133255.81Haiti111.179675.2Honduras17125464.6Hong Kong, China1511918.7Hungary3120410.3Iceland187519.2India20224414.7Indonesia18176221.1Iran19670514.2Iraq14215915Ireland1118544.4Israel20235112.8Italy14257136.4Jamaica10156396.3Japan1518719.1Jordan18122443.7Kazakhstan382311431.8Kenya1010046.3Kiribati14160717.5Korea1334154.6Kuwait25104171.4Kyrgyz Republic13159405.7Lao PDR24172172.1Latvia2518720.6Lebanon20211217.8Lesotho15601817.1Liberia2532160988.7Lithuania17162109.9Luxembourg1321720Macedonia, FYR211981862.8Madagascar16178764.8Malawi212131289.2Malaysia252617.9Maldives911826.3Mali142081186.4Marshall Islands105535.9Mauritania25201475Mauritius1810741Mexico121381311Micronesia147319Moldova30292142.2Mongolia2121581.3Montenegro202481323.2Morocco19163292.5Mozambique17381747.8Namibia12139181.8Nepal15424248.4Netherlands18230112.1New Zealand76525.8Nicaragua172198661Niger172652694Nigeria18350655.4Norway1425246.6Oman16242721.4Pakistan12223734Palau251185.9Panama21131123.31Papua New Guinea2421795.1Paraguay13291342.21Peru21210139.71Philippines2420390.1Poland30308137Portugal2132853.5Puerto Rico22209550.8Qatar19760.8Romania1724391.2Russian Federation547042612.7Rwanda14210607.1Samoa188890.9Sao Tome13255740.5Saudi Arabia1812574.7Senegal16220528.7Serbia202792177.7Seychelles1914447Sierra Leone25283452.2Singapore113821.2Slovakia1328713.1Slovenia15208112.2Solomon Islands1262471.1South Africa1717427.5Spain1123362.3Sri Lanka212141486.5St. Kitts and Nevis14675.11St. Lucia913930.3St. Vincent11748.41Sudan19271240.3Suriname14431105.7Swaziland139394.9Sweden8116103.5Switzerland1415452.1Syria26128697Taiwan, China29193123.6Tajikistan323511420.7Tanzania213082087Thailand111569.4Timor-Leste2220862.9Togo152771400.1Tonga1176371.6Trinidad and Tobago202615.51Tunisia20841017.8Turkey25188249.3Uganda16143703.5Ukraine304711901.7United Arab Emirates211251.5United Kingdom1914464.2United States194013.1Uruguay302341081Uzbekistan26260123.4Vanuatu751356.7Venezuela11395344.71Vietnam13194313.3West Bank and Gaza211991399.9Yemen13107189.7Zambia172541023.1Zimbabwe191.42616368.8

Hoja1

Nmero de procedimientos

doing business rankings

Nmero de das de duracin

Starting a Business

Costo (% de PIB per cpita)

Dealing with licensesEconomyEase of Doing Business RankStarting a BusinessDealing with Construction PermitsEmploying WorkersRegistering PropertyGetting CreditProtecting InvestorsPaying TaxesTrading Across BordersEnforcing ContractsClosing a BusinessSingapore11021165251142New Zealand2121435112231117United States3626112554615615Hong Kong, China4152020742332113Denmark516710431224133297United Kingdom68612822291628249Ireland75303882125618396Canada822918322852844584Australia935783355348452014Norway103366998431818773Iceland111728621528703234316Japan1264391751121511217211Thailand134412565681182102546Finland14184312921285397455Georgia15410522838110814392Saudi Arabia162850451592471613757Sweden1730171141068534265518Bahrain18491426188453152111325Belgium1920443716843156443228Malaysia207510448811421295954Switzerland21523219131216419393236Estonia2223191632443533453058Korea23126231526712704312812Mauritius2473664127841111207670Germany25102151425212888011933Netherlands26519498234310430133410Austria271044650361212693191320Lithuania2874631314438857261634Latvia2935781037712533625486Israel3024120921605577910239France311418148166437066221040South Africa3247481028729231478273Azerbaijan331315515912181021742681St. Lucia34361323668424298016145Puerto Rico359144391221215981019728Slovakia364853837121041261164737Qatar3757278854131882369831Botswana388011973294338171499226Fiji398755324012387110864119Chile140556274396838415365112Hungary412789845728113111681255Antigua and Barbuda424522469710924136467361Tonga4319315113109104315057101Armenia44664254528881501436147Bulgaria45811176059538941028675United Arab Emirates4611341471168113414145141Romania4726881431141238146403185Portugal4834128164791093873333421Spain491405116046438884525419Luxembourg5069401671181091131431248Namibia5111238341291270961503652Kuwait52134824383842491049466Colombia1537954807859241419614930Slovenia544169158104841878787938Bahamas, the5545924414368104395112029Mexico15611533141885938149877923Oman5776133241912388811910563Mongolia5859103712068247915638108Turkey5943131138346853685927118Vanuatu609424861158470201366750Taiwan, China61119127159266870100308811Peru162116115149411218859311996Jamaica63114932109847017310012722Samoa6413247167212324608679136Italy655383755884531286015627St. Vincent1663914112984247672109181St. Kitts and Nevis1677262214684249527114181Kyrgyz Republic6831588152281115518152137Maldives69388417714570112190123Kazakhstan7078175292543534918028100Macedonia, FYR7112152125884388276470129El Salvador172103121874243113124575378Tunisia73371011135584142106387232Dominica17421246110368246382164181Czech Republic758686596543881184995113Poland7614515882842838142416882Pakistan7777931369759241247115453Belize178139225121841135311416824Kiribati7911176216813138106975181Trinidad and Tobago18056843616428185147167181Panama18132731727528104172811672Kenya8210996811958815814810776China83151176111305988132481862Grenada18440165115668247463163181Belarus85976549141091041811341471Albania86671701086212141437789181Ghana871371421453110938657650104Brunei88130725177109113354215735Solomon Islands89993542169145534775108105Montenegro90105167104123432413912513042Palau9183529171811708612014156Vietnam92108679037431701406742124Marshall Islands932551177145150885460125Serbia9410617191972870126629699Papua New Guinea95921243173131388789162102Greece961334513310110915062708541Dominican Republic19784779710668126723283144Yemen98503369481721261381264187Lebanon99981215810284884583118121Zambia10071146135916870381538780Jordan1011317452115123113227412893Sri Lanka1022916111014168701646613543Moldova1038915811950841041231351788Seychelles10468561205516353409062181Guyana11051003772631457010811373126Croatia1061171631461096812633974479Nicaragua110785134661368488162996667Swaziland1081532140153431785215412965Uruguay11091201397914943881671279944Bangladesh11090114132175591890105178106Uganda11112981111671091267014511751Guatemala1112147164106272812612012310690Argentina111313516713095591041341064583Egypt1144116510785847014424151128Paraguay11158296177706853102138103116Ethiopia1161185995154123113371527874Costa Rica11171231237745591641529413298Nigeria118911512717684531201449091Bosnia and Herz.11916113711714459881545512360Russian Federation1206518010149109881341611889Nepal121731291502810970107157121103India12212113689105283816990180140Lesotho12312515063135841425414110469Bhutan1246311613381721268215137181Brazil1125127108121111847014592100127Micronesia1266011121771091708195143152Tanzania127109172140142848810910333111Morocco12862901681171311641196411264Indonesia129171801571071095311637140139Gambia, the13010174551111311701757363120West Bank and Gaza13116614910980163382585122181Algeria1321411121181621317016611812649Honduras133146711569028150137107176115Malawi1341221569696847058167138135Cambodia135169147134108687024122136181Ecuador113615885171648412669124101131Syria137124132122711781139911117484Uzbekistan138701487612512311316217146122Rwanda139609093601451705616848181Philippines1401551051269712312612958114151Mozambique1411441531611491233888140124133Iran142961651471478416410414256107Cape Verde143163791691241231261155640181Madagascar144581021531451725392109153181Ukraine1451281791001402814218013149143Suriname14617095531361311782698177147Sudan1471071351443513115067139143181Burkina Faso14811310657148145142132173110110Senegal149951181651611451641706014677Bolivia11501659818012910912617611713359Gabon15114860154158131150101128147134Iraq152175111674316311343178148181Djibouti153173991371341721776135159132Haiti154176126351281451649114692153Comoros155160641629316312655129150181Sierra Leone1565316917316314553160132141145Liberia1578817710517213114259115165146Zimbabwe158164174127858411315716277154Tajikistan159168178128461721501591772397Mauritania1601431421236114514217415884148Cte d'Ivoire16116716011213914515014815512468Afghanistan162221403017417818149179160181Togo1631791451551551451421478415194Cameroon16417115412413813111317113717295Lao PDR1659211085159145180113165111181Mali1661621069494145150156166158114Equatorial Guinea167174871786913114216113369181Angola1681561251741738453130172179142Benin169149130116119145150165129175130Timor-Leste170150100781771781267579181181Guinea171177162114157163170168110131109Niger17215915716675145150120169134138Eritrea1731781816516517210410516351181Venezuela1174142961809216317017716471149Chad17518070139132145126130159166181Sao Tome17613611317915116315015188171181Burundi17713817370125163150114170170181Congo, Rep.17815768170171131150179176155117Guinea-Bissau179181109176170145126117111139181Central African Republic180152138151133131126178175169181Congo, Dem. Rep.181154141175152163150153160173150EconomyEase of Doing Business RankStarting a BusinessDealing with Construction PermitsEmploying WorkersRegistering PropertyGetting CreditProtecting InvestorsPaying TaxesTrading Across BordersEnforcing ContractsClosing a BusinessSt. Vincent663914112984247672109181Belize78139225121841135311416824St. Kitts y Nevis677262214684249527114181Grenada8440165115668247463163181Dominica7421246110368246382164181Mexico5611533141885938149877923Guyana1051003772631457010811373126Colombia537954807859241419614930Chile40556274396838415365112Panama8132731727528104172811672Dominicana9784779710668126723283144Trinidad y Tobago8056843616428185147167181Ecuador13615885171648412669124101131Paraguay1158296177706853102138103116Venezuela174142961809216317017716471149Bolivia1501659818012910912617611713359Brazil125127108121111847014592100127Peru62116115149411218859311996El Salvador72103121874243113124575378Costa Rica1171231237745591641529413298Nicaragua10785134661368488162996667Uruguay1091201397914943881671279944Guatemala112147164106272812612012310690Argentina11313516713095591041341064583

Dealing with licenses62543311516121242847316773713413916416796123108859896

Employing workers

Registring PropertyStarting a BusinessRegion or EconomyProcedures (number)Duration (days)Cost (% GNI per capita)Paid in Min. Capital (% of GNI per capita)East Asia & Pacific8.644.232.337.3Eastern Europe & Central Asia7.722.68.636Latin America & Caribbean9.764.539.13.4Middle East & North Africa8.423.541331.4OECD5.813.44.919.7South Asia7.432.531.90.6Sub-Saharan Africa10.247.8111.2173.4Afghanistan4959.50Albania6825.832.3Algeria142410.836.6Angola868196.839.1Antigua and Barbuda82111.60Argentina153293.7Armenia9183.62.3Australia220.80Austria8285.152.8Azerbaijan6163.20Bahamas, the7319.80Bahrain790.6210.1Bangladesh77325.70Belarus8317.812.4Belgium345.219.9Belize94451.10Benin731196347Bhutan8468.50Bolivia1550112.42.8Bosnia and Herzegovina126030.836.3Botswana10782.30Brazil181528.20Brunei181169.20Bulgaria449247.8Burkina Faso51662.3458.8Burundi11432150Cambodia985151.743.9Cameroon1337137.1188Canada150.50Cape Verde125235.747.5Central African Republic1014232.3513.9Chad1975175365.1Chile9277.50China14408.4158.1Colombia93614.10Comoros1123188.6280.8Congo, Dem. Rep.13155435.40Congo, Rep.1037106.4131.2Costa Rica126020.50Cte d'Ivoire1040135.1215.9Croatia84011.516.6Czech Republic8159.631.8Denmark46040.1Djibouti1137200.2514Dominica51425.50Dominican Republic81919.40Ecuador146538.512.7Egypt6718.32El Salvador81749.63.5Equatorial Guinea20136101.715.4Eritrea1384102.2396.7Estonia571.723.7Ethiopia71629.8693.6Fiji84625.20Finland31417.4France5710Gabon95820.330.2Gambia, the827254.90Georgia3340Germany9185.642.2Ghana93432.716.6Greece151910.219.6Grenada62030.20Guatemala112650.626.3Guinea1341135.7476.9Guinea-Bissau17233257.71015Guyana84068.40Haiti13195159.626.6Honduras132052.620Hong Kong, China51120Hungary458.410.8Iceland552.613.6India133070.10Indonesia117677.974.2Iran8474.61Iraq1177150.759.1Ireland4130.30Israel5344.40Italy61018.59.7Jamaica687.90Japan8237.50Jordan101460.424.2Kazakhstan8215.215.9Kenya123039.70Kiribati62164.634.9Korea101716.953.8Kuwait13351.381.7Kyrgyz Republic4157.40.4Lao PDR810314.10Latvia5162.316.9Lebanon51187.557Lesotho74037.814.5Liberia827100.20Lithuania7262.735.9Luxembourg6266.521.3Macedonia, FYR793.80Madagascar5711289.8Malawi1039125.90Malaysia91314.70Maldives5911.54.8Mali1126121.5390.4Marshall Islands51717.30Mauritania91933.9422.6Mauritius5650Mexico92812.511Micronesia716137.50Moldova9158.913.4Mongolia713458.5Montenegro15214.40Morocco61210.252.3Mozambique102622.9122.5Namibia106622.10Nepal73160.20Netherlands6105.951.7New Zealand110.40Nicaragua6391210Niger1119170.1702.1Nigeria83190.10Norway6102.121Oman7143.6461.2Pakistan112412.60Palau8284.612.2Panama71319.60Papua New Guinea85623.60Paraguay73567.90Peru106525.70Philippines155229.86Poland103118.8168.8Portugal662.934.3Puerto Rico770.80Qatar669.175.4Romania6103.61.1Russian Federation8292.62.2Rwanda814108.90Samoa93539.80So Tom and Principe1014488.90Saudi Arabia71214.90Senegal4872.7236.2Serbia11237.66.9Seychelles9388.30Sierra Leone71756.20Singapore440.70Slovakia6163.330.4Slovenia5190.146.8Solomon Islands75753.60South Africa62260Spain104714.913.1Sri Lanka4387.10St. Kitts and Nevis84512.50St. Lucia62022.60St. Vincent and the Grenadines81226.80Sudan103950.80Suriname13694125.20.8Swaziland136135.10.6Sweden3150.630.3Switzerland6202.127.6Syria81718.24353.8Taiwan, China8424.1177.4Tajikistan134927.6216.8Tanzania122941.50Thailand8334.90Timor-Leste10836.6331.1Togo1353251.3559.9Tonga4259.60Trinidad and Tobago9430.90Tunisia10117.90Turkey6614.910.9Uganda1825100.70Ukraine10275.5174.2United Arab Emirates81713.4311.9United Kingdom6130.80United States660.70Uruguay114443.50Uzbekistan71510.317.7Vanuatu83954.80Venezuela1614126.80Vietnam115016.80West Bank and Gaza114969.156.1Yemen713930Zambia61828.61.5Zimbabwe1096432.73.4

Region or EconomyProcedures (number)Duration (days)Cost (% GNI per capita)Paid in Min. Capital (% of GNI per capita)AfghanistanAlbaniaAlgeriaAngolaAntigua and BarbudaArgentinaArmeniaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBahamas, theBahrainBangladeshBelarusBelgiumBelizeBeninBhutanBoliviaBosnia and HerzegovinaBotswanaBrazilBruneiBulgariaBurkina FasoBurundiCambodiaCameroonCanadaCape VerdeCentral African RepublicChadChileChinaColombiaComorosCongo, Dem. Rep.Congo, Rep.Costa RicaCte d'IvoireCroatiaCzech RepublicDenmarkDjiboutiDominicaDominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEquatorial GuineaEritreaEstoniaEthiopiaFijiFinlandFranceGabonGambia, theGeorgiaGermanyGhanaGreeceGrenadaGuatemalaGuineaGuinea-BissauGuyanaHaitiHondurasHong Kong, ChinaHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIrelandIsraelItalyJamaicaJapanJordanKazakhstanKenyaKiribatiKoreaKuwaitKyrgyz RepublicLao PDRLatviaLebanonLesothoLiberiaLithuaniaLuxembourgMacedonia, FYRMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMaliMarshall IslandsMauritaniaMauritiusMexicoMicronesiaMoldovaMongoliaMontenegroMoroccoMozambiqueNamibiaNepalNetherlandsNew ZealandNicaraguaNigerNigeriaNorwayOmanPakistanPalauPanamaPapua New GuineaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPolandPortugalPuerto RicoQatarRomaniaRussian FederationRwandaSamoaSo Tom and PrincipeSaudi ArabiaSenegalSerbiaSeychellesSierra LeoneSingaporeSlovakiaSloveniaSolomon IslandsSouth AfricaSpainSri LankaSt. Kitts and NevisSt. LuciaSt. Vincent and the GrenadinesSudanSurinameSwazilandSwedenSwitzerlandSyriaTaiwan, ChinaTajikistanTanzaniaThailandTimor-LesteTogoTongaTrinidad and TobagoTunisiaTurkeyUgandaUkraineUnited Arab EmiratesUnited KingdomUnited StatesUruguayUzbekistanVanuatuVenezuelaVietnamWest Bank and GazaYemenZambiaZimbabwe

Getting creditDealing with Construction PermitsRegion or EconomyProcedures (number)Duration (days)Cost (% of income per capita)East Asia & Pacific19.1174.3171Eastern Europe & Central Asia23.6257.2680.4Latin America & Caribbean16.8229.3248.6Middle East & North Africa19.3186.6433.3OECD15.4161.556.7South Asia16.1244.62340.9Sub-Saharan Africa17.2271.12574.4Afghanistan1334014918.9Albania24331435Algeria2224046.8Angola12328831.1Antigua and Barbuda1315625.8Argentina28338183.3Armenia1911628Australia1622113.2Austria1319470.4Azerbaijan31207522.6Bahamas, the18197241.6Bahrain135657.2Bangladesh14231739.8Belarus1721039.2Belgium1416965.2Belize116617.8Benin15410303.6Bhutan25183158.4Bolivia17249121.6Bosnia and Herzegovina16296666.9Botswana24167311.9Brazil1841146.7Brunei321675.3Bulgaria24139493.6Burkina Faso15214577.9Burundi203848515.8Cambodia2370964.3Cameroon154261277.2Canada1475103.7Cape Verde18120639.1Central African Republic21239278.9Chad9181974.7Chile18155101.3China37336698.4Colombia13114661.6Comoros1816477.9Congo, Dem. Rep.143221725.8Congo, Rep.14169345.6Costa Rica23191211.7Cte d'Ivoire21628243.3Croatia19410655.2Czech Republic3618016.9Denmark66960.9Djibouti14195982.8Dominica1318212.8Dominican Republic1721493.2Ecuador19155272.7Egypt28249376.7El Salvador34155176.3Equatorial Guinea18201159.4Eritreano practiceno practiceno practiceEstonia1411827.5Ethiopia12128790.7Fiji1913551.2Finland1838118.3France1313723.8Gabon1621039.4Gambia, the17146394Georgia1211320.3Germany1210062.2Ghana182201282.6Greece1516946.4Grenada1014931.1Guatemala222151204.1Guinea32255243Guinea-Bissau151672628.8Guyana11133255.8Haiti111.179675.2Honduras17125464.6Hong Kong, China1511918.7Hungary3120410.3Iceland187519.2India20224414.7Indonesia18176221.1Iran19670514.2Iraq14215915Ireland1118544.4Israel20235112.8Italy14257136.4Jamaica10156396.3Japan1518719.1Jordan18122443.7Kazakhstan382311431.8Kenya1010046.3Kiribati14160717.5Korea1334154.6Kuwait25104171.4Kyrgyz Republic13159405.7Lao PDR24172172.1Latvia2518720.6Lebanon20211217.8Lesotho15601817.1Liberia2532160988.7Lithuania17162109.9Luxembourg1321720Macedonia, FYR211981862.8Madagascar16178764.8Malawi212131289.2Malaysia252617.9Maldives911826.3Mali142081186.4Marshall Islands105535.9Mauritania25201475Mauritius1810741Mexico12138131Micronesia147319Moldova30292142.2Mongolia2121581.3Montenegro202481323.2Morocco19163292.5Mozambique17381747.8Namibia12139181.8Nepal15424248.4Netherlands18230112.1New Zealand76525.8Nicaragua17219866Niger172652694Nigeria18350655.4Norway1425246.6Oman16242721.4Pakistan12223734Palau251185.9Panama21131123.3Papua New Guinea2421795.1Paraguay13291342.2Peru21210139.7Philippines2420390.1Poland30308137Portugal2132853.5Puerto Rico22209550.8Qatar19760.8Romania1724391.2Russian Federation547042612.7Rwanda14210607.1Samoa188890.9So Tom and Principe13255740.5Saudi Arabia1812574.7Senegal16220528.7Serbia202792177.7Seychelles1914447Sierra Leone25283452.2Singapore113821.2Slovakia1328713.1Slovenia15208112.2Solomon Islands1262471.1South Africa1717427.5Spain1123362.3Sri Lanka212141486.5St. Kitts and Nevis14675.1St. Lucia913930.3St. Vincent and the Grenadines11748.4Sudan19271240.3Suriname14431105.7Swaziland139394.9Sweden8116103.5Switzerland1415452.1Syria26128697Taiwan, China29193123.6Tajikistan323511420.7Tanzania213082087Thailand111569.4Timor-Leste2220862.9Togo152771400.1Tonga1176371.6Trinidad and Tobago202615.5Tunisia20841017.8Turkey25188249.3Uganda16143703.5Ukraine304711901.7United Arab Emirates211251.5United Kingdom1914464.2United States194013.1Uruguay30234108Uzbekistan26260123.4Vanuatu751356.7Venezuela11395344.7Vietnam13194313.3West Bank and Gaza211991399.9Yemen13107189.7Zambia172541023.1Zimbabwe191.42616368.8

Region or EconomyProcedures (number)Duration (days)Cost (% of income per capita)AfghanistanAlbaniaAlgeriaAngolaAntigua and BarbudaArgentinaArmeniaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBahamas, theBahrainBangladeshBelarusBelgiumBelizeBeninBhutanBoliviaBosnia and HerzegovinaBotswanaBrazilBruneiBulgariaBurkina FasoBurundiCambodiaCameroonCanadaCape VerdeCentral African RepublicChadChileChinaColombiaComorosCongo, Dem. Rep.Congo, Rep.Costa RicaCte d'IvoireCroatiaCzech RepublicDenmarkDjiboutiDominicaDominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEquatorial GuineaEritreaEstoniaEthiopiaFijiFinlandFranceGabonGambia, theGeorgiaGermanyGhanaGreeceGrenadaGuatemalaGuineaGuinea-BissauGuyanaHaitiHondurasHong Kong, ChinaHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIrelandIsraelItalyJamaicaJapanJordanKazakhstanKenyaKiribatiKoreaKuwaitKyrgyz RepublicLao PDRLatviaLebanonLesothoLiberiaLithuaniaLuxembourgMacedonia, FYRMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMaliMarshall IslandsMauritaniaMauritiusMexicoMicronesiaMoldovaMongoliaMontenegroMoroccoMozambiqueNamibiaNepalNetherlandsNew ZealandNicaraguaNigerNigeriaNorwayOmanPakistanPalauPanamaPapua New GuineaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPolandPortugalPuerto RicoQatarRomaniaRussian FederationRwandaSamoaSo Tom and PrincipeSaudi ArabiaSenegalSerbiaSeychellesSierra LeoneSingaporeSlovakiaSloveniaSolomon IslandsSouth AfricaSpainSri LankaSt. Kitts and NevisSt. LuciaSt. Vincent and the GrenadinesSudanSurinameSwazilandSwedenSwitzerlandSyriaTaiwan, ChinaTajikistanTanzaniaThailandTimor-LesteTogoTongaTrinidad and TobagoTunisiaTurkeyUgandaUkraineUnited Arab EmiratesUnited KingdomUnited StatesUruguayUzbekistanVanuatuVenezuelaVietnamWest Bank and GazaYemenZambiaZimbabwe

Protecting investorsEmploying WorkersRegion or EconomyDifficulty of Hiring IndexRigidity of Hours IndexDifficulty of Firing IndexRigidity of Employment IndexFiring costs (weeks of salary)East Asia & Pacific19.219.22019.538.6Eastern Europe & Central Asia36.44832.438.926.3Latin America & Caribbean34.733.125.631.253.9Middle East & North Africa22.541.131.631.753.6OECD25.742.226.331.425.8South Asia22.21541.326.266Sub-Saharan Africa3943.541.541.368.3Afghanistan04040270Albania4440203556Algeria4460404817Angola6760706658Antigua and Barbuda110201052Argentina446003595Armenia3340203113Australia001034Austria06040332Azerbaijan0010322Bahamas, the110401726Bahrain02050234Bangladesh44204035104Belarus040402722Belgium1140102016Belize222001424Benin3940404036Bhutan0020710Bolivia786010079not possibleBosnia and Herzegovina6740304631Botswana020402090Brazil786004637Brunei020074Bulgaria176010299Burkina Faso3320102134Burundi060303026Cambodia4460304539Cameroon2840704633Canada1100428Cape Verde3360705493Central African Republic7260506122Chad3960404636Chile3320202452China1120502791Colombia1140202459Comoros39604046100Congo, Dem. Rep.7280707431Congo, Rep.7860706933Costa Rica444002835Cte d'Ivoire3360203849Croatia6140505039Czech Republic3340102822Denmark02010100Djibouti6740304656Dominica1120201758Dominican Republic444002888Ecuador44605051135Egypt0206027132El Salvador334002486Equatorial Guinea67607066133Eritrea040202069Estonia3380605835Ethiopia3340303440Fiji1120201722Finland4460404826France6760405632Gabon1760805243Gambia, the040402726Georgia020074Germany3360404469Ghana22405037178Greece3380405124Grenada442002129Guatemala4440028101Guinea3360404426Guinea-Bissau6760706687Guyana2220202156Haiti224002117Honduras8920505374Hong Kong, China000062Hungary080103035Iceland4440103113India020703056Indonesia6106040108Iran1160504091Iraq336020380Ireland1120201724Israel116002491Italy3340403811Jamaica1100462Japan02030174Jordan112060304Kazakhstan04030239Kenya220301747Kiribati0050174Korea4460304591Kuwait04001378Kyrgyz Republic3340403817Lao PDR1140503419Latvia5040404317Lebanon440302517Lesotho224002144Liberia3320403184Lithuania3380304830Luxembourg6780406239Macedonia, FYR5060304726Madagascar8960406330Malawi560202584Malaysia00301075Maldives00009Mali3340403831Marshall Islands00000Mauritania5640404531Mauritius020502335Mexico3340704852Micronesia220070Moldova4440404137Mongolia22800349Montenegro3340403839Morocco10040506385Mozambique67602049134Namibia040202024Nepal560704290Netherlands1740704217New Zealand1101070Nicaragua226002724Niger10060507035Nigeria0020750Norway6140404713Oman33400244Pakistan7820304390Palau110040Panama7860606644Papua New Guinea112001039Paraguay56606059113Peru4440604852Philippines5620303591Poland1160403713Portugal3360504895Puerto Rico56020250Qatar060202769Romania678040628Russian Federation3360404417Rwanda4440303826Samoa11200109So Tom and Principe5080606391Saudi Arabia04001380Senegal7260506138Serbia6720303925Seychelles4420503839Sierra Leone44605051189Singapore00004Slovakia1760303613Slovenia7860405937Solomon Islands110201044South Africa5640304224Spain7860305656Sri Lanka0206027169St. Kitts and Nevis1120201713St. Lucia0200756St. Vincent and the Grenadines020201354Sudan39205036118Suriname020502326Swaziland020201353Sweden3360404426Switzerland040101713Syria1140503480Taiwan, China7840405391Tajikistan3380405122Tanzania10040506318Thailand332001854Timor-Leste3320503417Togo7260405736Tonga020070Trinidad and Tobago0020767Tunisia2840804917Turkey4440303895Uganda0010313Ukraine4460304513United Arab Emirates04001384United Kingdom1120101422United States00000Uruguay336003131Uzbekistan3340303422Vanuatu2240102456Venezuela786010079not possibleVietnam1120402487West Bank and Gaza3340203191Yemen060403317Zambia22602034178Zimbabwe0406033446

Region or EconomyDifficulty of Hiring IndexRigidity of Hours IndexDifficulty of Firing IndexRigidity of Employment IndexFiring costs (weeks of salary)AfghanistanAlbaniaAlgeriaAngolaAntigua and BarbudaArgentinaArmeniaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBahamas, theBahrainBangladeshBelarusBelgiumBelizeBeninBhutanBoliviaBosnia and HerzegovinaBotswanaBrazilBruneiBulgariaBurkina FasoBurundiCambodiaCameroonCanadaCape VerdeCentral African RepublicChadChileChinaColombiaComorosCongo, Dem. Rep.Congo, Rep.Costa RicaCte d'IvoireCroatiaCzech RepublicDenmarkDjiboutiDominicaDominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEquatorial GuineaEritreaEstoniaEthiopiaFijiFinlandFranceGabonGambia, theGeorgiaGermanyGhanaGreeceGrenadaGuatemalaGuineaGuinea-BissauGuyanaHaitiHondurasHong Kong, ChinaHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIrelandIsraelItalyJamaicaJapanJordanKazakhstanKenyaKiribatiKoreaKuwaitKyrgyz RepublicLao PDRLatviaLebanonLesothoLiberiaLithuaniaLuxembourgMacedonia, FYRMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMaliMarshall IslandsMauritaniaMauritiusMexicoMicronesiaMoldovaMongoliaMontenegroMoroccoMozambiqueNamibiaNepalNetherlandsNew ZealandNicaraguaNigerNigeriaNorwayOmanPakistanPalauPanamaPapua New GuineaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPolandPortugalPuerto RicoQatarRomaniaRussian FederationRwandaSamoaSo Tom and PrincipeSaudi ArabiaSenegalSerbiaSeychellesSierra LeoneSingaporeSlovakiaSloveniaSolomon IslandsSouth AfricaSpainSri LankaSt. Kitts and NevisSt. LuciaSt. Vincent and the GrenadinesSudanSurinameSwazilandSwedenSwitzerlandSyriaTaiwan, ChinaTajikistanTanzaniaThailandTimor-LesteTogoTongaTrinidad and TobagoTunisiaTurkeyUgandaUkraineUnited Arab EmiratesUnited KingdomUnited StatesUruguayUzbekistanVanuatuVenezuelaVietnamWest Bank and GazaYemenZambiaZimbabwe

Paying taxesRegistering PropertyRegion or EconomyProcedures (number)Duration (days)Cost (% of property value)East Asia & Pacific5994.1Eastern Europe & Central Asia672.11.9Latin America & Caribbean6.871.46Middle East & North Africa6.437.45.9OECD4.730.34.5South Asia6.41065.9Sub-Saharan Africa6.895.610.5Afghanistan92507Albania6423.4Algeria14517.5Angola733411.6Antigua and Barbuda62610.9Argentina5517.5Armenia340.3Australia554.9Austria3324.5Azerbaijan4110.3Bahamas, the74812.5Bahrain2310.9Bangladesh824510.4Belarus4210Belgium713212.7Belize8604.7Benin412011.9Bhutan5640Bolivia7924.9Bosnia and Herzegovina71285.2Botswana4115Brazil14422.7Bruneino practiceno practiceno practiceBulgaria8192.3Burkina Faso613610.2Burundi59410.7Cambodia7564.4Cameroon59317.8Canada6171.8Cape Verde6737.7Central African Republic57518.6Chad64422.7Chile6311.3China4293.2Colombia9232.4Comoros52420.8Congo, Dem. Rep.8579.2Congo, Rep.711616.5Costa Rica6213.4Cte d'Ivoire66213.9Croatia51745Czech Republic41233Denmark6420.6Djibouti74013.2Dominica54213.7Dominican Republic7603.8Ecuador9162.2Egypt7720.9El Salvador5313.7Equatorial Guinea6236.2Eritrea121015.2Estonia3510.4Ethiopia13437.1Fiji3682Finland3144France91136.3Gabon86010.5Gambia, the53714.6Georgia230Germany4405.2Ghana5341.2Greece11223.8Grenada8777.4Guatemala5301.1Guinea610413.9Guinea-Bissau92115.4Guyana6344.5Haiti54056.4Honduras7235.6Hong Kong, China5545Hungary41711Iceland342.4India6457.5Indonesia63910.7Iran93610.6Iraq586.5Ireland5389.6Israel71447.5Italy8270.6Jamaica55411Japan6145Jordan82210Kazakhstan5400.1Kenya8644.1Kiribati55130.1Korea7115.1Kuwait8550.5Kyrgyz Republic783.9Lao PDR91354.1Latvia7502Lebanon8255.9Lesotho61018.2Liberia135014.7Lithuania230.5Luxembourg82910.3Macedonia, FYR6663.4Madagascar7747.5Malawi6883.3Malaysia51442.5Maldivesno practiceno practiceno practiceMali52920.3Marshall Islandsno practiceno practiceno practiceMauritania4495.2Mauritius421010.8Mexico5744.8Micronesiano practiceno practiceno practiceMoldova6480.8Mongolia5112.1Montenegro8863.3Morocco8474.9Mozambique84212.9Namibia9239.9Nepal356.3Netherlands256.1New Zealand220.1Nicaragua81243.5Niger43511.1Nigeria148221.9Norway132.5Oman2163Pakistan6505.3Palau5140.4Panama7442.4Papua New Guinea4725.1Paraguay6463.5Peru5333.3Philippines8334.3Poland61970.5Portugal5427.4Puerto Rico81941.5Qatar10160.3Romania8832.4Russian Federation6520.2Rwanda43150.6Samoa51471.7So Tom and Principe76210.9Saudi Arabia220Senegal612420.6Serbia61112.9Seychelles4337Sierra Leone78612.9Singapore392.8Slovakia3170.1Slovenia63912Solomon Islands102974.8South Africa6248.8Spain4187.2Sri Lanka8835.1St. Kitts and Nevis68113.3St. Lucia6167.4St. Vincent and the Grenadines73811.9Sudan693.1Suriname419313.9Swaziland11467.1Sweden123Switzerland4160.4Syria41928Taiwan, China356.2Tajikistan6371.8Tanzania9734.4Thailand221.1Timor-Lesteno practiceno practiceno practiceTogo529513.4Tonga410810.2Trinidad and Tobago81627Tunisia4396.1Turkey663Uganda132274.1Ukraine10932.9United Arab Emirates362United Kingdom2214.1United States4120.5Uruguay8667.1Uzbekistan12781.5Vanuatu218811Venezuela8472.2Vietnam4571.2West Bank and Gaza7630.9Yemen6193.8Zambia6396.6Zimbabwe43025

Region or EconomyProcedures (number)Duration (days)Cost (% of property value)AfghanistanAlbaniaAlgeriaAngolaAntigua and BarbudaArgentinaArmeniaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBahamas, theBahrainBangladeshBelarusBelgiumBelizeBeninBhutanBoliviaBosnia and HerzegovinaBotswanaBrazilBruneiBulgariaBurkina FasoBurundiCambodiaCameroonCanadaCape VerdeCentral African RepublicChadChileChinaColombiaComorosCongo, Dem. Rep.Congo, Rep.Costa RicaCte d'IvoireCroatiaCzech RepublicDenmarkDjiboutiDominicaDominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEquatorial GuineaEritreaEstoniaEthiopiaFijiFinlandFranceGabonGambia, theGeorgiaGermanyGhanaGreeceGrenadaGuatemalaGuineaGuinea-BissauGuyanaHaitiHondurasHong Kong, ChinaHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIrelandIsraelItalyJamaicaJapanJordanKazakhstanKenyaKiribatiKoreaKuwaitKyrgyz RepublicLao PDRLatviaLebanonLesothoLiberiaLithuaniaLuxembourgMacedonia, FYRMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMaliMarshall IslandsMauritaniaMauritiusMexicoMicronesiaMoldovaMongoliaMontenegroMoroccoMozambiqueNamibiaNepalNetherlandsNew ZealandNicaraguaNigerNigeriaNorwayOmanPakistanPalauPanamaPapua New GuineaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPolandPortugalPuerto RicoQatarRomaniaRussian FederationRwandaSamoaSo Tom and PrincipeSaudi ArabiaSenegalSerbiaSeychellesSierra LeoneSingaporeSlovakiaSloveniaSolomon IslandsSouth AfricaSpainSri LankaSt. Kitts and NevisSt. LuciaSt. Vincent and the GrenadinesSudanSurinameSwazilandSwedenSwitzerlandSyriaTaiwan, ChinaTajikistanTanzaniaThailandTimor-LesteTogoTongaTrinidad and TobagoTunisiaTurkeyUgandaUkraineUnited Arab EmiratesUnited KingdomUnited StatesUruguayUzbekistanVanuatuVenezuelaVietnamWest Bank and GazaYemenZambiaZimbabwe

Trading across bordersGetting CreditRegion or EconomyLegal Rights IndexCredit Information IndexPublic registry coverage (% adults)Private bureau coverage (% adults)East Asia & Pacific5.827.211.3Eastern Europe & Central Asia6.34.14.617.6Latin America & Caribbean5.63.38.733.1Middle East & North Africa3.32.94.89.7OECD6.84.88.458.4South Asia4.82.10.72.6Sub-Saharan Africa4.51.42.54.8Afghanistan1000Albania948.30Algeria320.20Angola442.70Antigua and Barbuda7000Argentina4631.2100Armenia752.624.4Australia950100Austria761.340.9Azerbaijan853.10Bahamas, the9000Bahrain44035.8Bangladesh820.90Belarus252.40Belgium7457.70Belize8000Benin3110.50Bhutan2000Bolivia1611.929.7Bosnia and Herzegovina55069.2Botswana74052.9Brazil3520.262.2Brunei7000Bulgaria8630.75Burkina Faso311.90Burundi210.30Cambodia9000Cameroon324.90Canada660100Cape Verde3321.80Central African Republic321.20Chad310.60Chile4528.134.5China6458.80Colombia55042.5Comoros3000Congo, Dem. Rep.3000Congo, Rep.326.90Costa Rica555.951.6Cte d'Ivoire312.90Croatia63071.8Czech Republic654.665.2Denmark9405Djibouti110.20Dominica9000Dominican Republic3633.935Ecuador3537.746.8Egypt352.24.7El Salvador5618.483Equatorial Guinea322.70Eritrea2000Estonia65020.6Ethiopia420.10Fiji94042.3Finland75014.8France7428.30Gabon3220.70Gambia, the5000Georgia6604.5Germany760.798.4Ghana7000Greece34039Grenada9000Guatemala7516.119.7Guinea3000Guinea-Bissau3110Guyana4000Haiti220.70Honduras6611.360.5Hong Kong, China105069.9Hungary75010Iceland750100India84010.5Indonesia3426.10Iran5321.70Iraq3000Ireland850100Israel95091Italy3511.874.9Jamaica8000Japan76076.2Jordan4210Kazakhstan56025.6Kenya10402.1Kiribati5000Korea76090.4Kuwait44031.2Kyrgyz Republic7503.7Lao PDR4000Latvia943.70Lebanon356.80Lesotho8000Liberia410.30Lithuania568.97.2Luxembourg7000Macedonia, FYR746.50Madagascar200.10Malawi8000Malaysia10652.9not availableMaldives4000Mali314.10Marshall Islands4000Mauritania310.20Mauritius5320.60Mexico46070.8Micronesia7000Moldova8000Mongolia6322.70Montenegro9226.30Morocco322.40Mozambique241.90Namibia85059.6Nepal5200.2Netherlands65081New Zealand950100Nicaragua3513.4100Niger310.90Nigeria800.10Norway740100Oman4223.40Pakistan644.91.5Palau0000Panama66043.7Papua New Guinea5000Paraguay369.748.6Peru7623.733.2Philippines3305.4Poland84050Portugal3476.411.3Puerto Rico85061.4Qatar32not available0Romania854.524.7Russian Federation34010Rwanda220.30Samoa6000So Tom and Principe3000Saudi Arabia46014.1Senegal314.40Serbia75091.9Seychelles3000Sierra Leone4000Singapore104048.3Slovakia941.439.9Slovenia622.70Solomon Islands4000South Africa96064.8Spain6545.88.1Sri Lanka4508.7St. Kitts and Nevis8000St. Lucia8000St. Vincent and the Grenadines8000Sudan5000Suriname5000Swaziland65043.5Sweden540100Switzerland85022.5Syria1000Taiwan, China45062.7Tajikistan2000Tanzania8000Thailand45031.8Timor-Leste1000Togo312.60Tonga7000Trinidad and Tobago84037.6Tunisia3514.90Turkey4512.726.3Uganda7000Ukraine9303United Arab Emirates456.57.7United Kingdom960100United States860100Uruguay5615.498Uzbekistan332.32.2Vanuatu8000Venezuela3000Vietnam7413.40West Bank and Gaza037.80Yemen200.10Zambia9000.1Zimbabwe8000

Region or EconomyLegal Rights IndexCredit Information IndexPublic registry coverage (% adults)Private bureau coverage (% adults)AfghanistanAlbaniaAlgeriaAngolaAntigua and BarbudaArgentinaArmeniaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBahamas, theBahrainBangladeshBelarusBelgiumBelizeBeninBhutanBoliviaBosnia and HerzegovinaBotswanaBrazilBruneiBulgariaBurkina FasoBurundiCambodiaCameroonCanadaCape VerdeCentral African RepublicChadChileChinaColombiaComorosCongo, Dem. Rep.Congo, Rep.Costa RicaCte d'IvoireCroatiaCzech RepublicDenmarkDjiboutiDominicaDominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEquatorial GuineaEritreaEstoniaEthiopiaFijiFinlandFranceGabonGambia, theGeorgiaGermanyGhanaGreeceGrenadaGuatemalaGuineaGuinea-BissauGuyanaHaitiHondurasHong Kong, ChinaHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIrelandIsraelItalyJamaicaJapanJordanKazakhstanKenyaKiribatiKoreaKuwaitKyrgyz RepublicLao PDRLatviaLebanonLesothoLiberiaLithuaniaLuxembourgMacedonia, FYRMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMaliMarshall IslandsMauritaniaMauritiusMexicoMicronesiaMoldovaMongoliaMontenegroMoroccoMozambiqueNamibiaNepalNetherlandsNew ZealandNicaraguaNigerNigeriaNorwayOmanPakistanPalauPanamaPapua New GuineaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPolandPortugalPuerto RicoQatarRomaniaRussian FederationRwandaSamoaSo Tom and PrincipeSaudi ArabiaSenegalSerbiaSeychellesSierra LeoneSingaporeSlovakiaSloveniaSolomon IslandsSouth AfricaSpainSri LankaSt. Kitts and NevisSt. LuciaSt. Vincent and the GrenadinesSudanSurinameSwazilandSwedenSwitzerlandSyriaTaiwan, ChinaTajikistanTanzaniaThailandTimor-LesteTogoTongaTrinidad and TobagoTunisiaTurkeyUgandaUkraineUnited Arab EmiratesUnited KingdomUnited StatesUruguayUzbekistanVanuatuVenezuelaVietnamWest Bank and GazaYemenZambiaZimbabwe

Enforcing contractsProtecting InvestorsRegion or EconomyDisclosure IndexDirector Liability IndexShareholder Suits IndexInvestor Protection IndexEast Asia & Pacific5.14.66.35.3Eastern Europe & Central Asia5.94.26.25.5Latin America & Caribbean4.1565Middle East & North Africa5.94.83.74.8OECD5.956.65.8South Asia4.34.36.45Sub-Saharan Africa4.63.254.3Afghanistan0020.7Albania8957.3Algeria6645.3Angola5665.7Antigua and Barbuda4876.3Argentina6264.7Armenia5285Australia8275.7Austria3544Azerbaijan7586.7Bahamas, the2574.7Bahrain8455.7Bangladesh6776.7Belarus5184.7Belgium8677Belize3464.3Benin6133.3Bhutan5344Bolivia1564Bosnia and Herzegovina3665Botswana7836Brazil6735.3Brunei3284.3Bulgaria10176Burkina Faso6143.7Burundi4153.3Cambodia5925.3Cameroon6164.3Canada8988.3Cape Verde1564Central African Republic6154Chad6154Chile7656China10145Colombia8296.3Comoros6154Congo, Dem. Rep.3343.3Congo, Rep.6133.3Costa Rica2523Cte d'Ivoire6133.3Croatia1564Czech Republic2585Denmark7576.3Djibouti5202.3Dominica4876.3Dominican Republic5074Ecuador1564Egypt8355.3El Salvador5264.3Equatorial Guinea6143.7Eritrea4554.7Estonia8365.7Ethiopia4454.3Fiji3876Finland6475.7France10155.3Gabon6133.3Gambia, the2152.7Georgia8646Germany5555Ghana7566Greece1453.3Grenada4876.3Guatemala3364Guinea6112.7Guinea-Bissau6154Guyana5565.3Haiti2343Honduras1543.3Hong Kong, China10899Hungary2474.3Iceland5565.3India7476Indonesia9535.7Iran5403Iraq4544.3Ireland10698.3Israel7998.3Italy7465.7Jamaica4845.3Japan7687Jordan5444.3Kazakhstan7195.7Kenya32105Kiribati6576Korea7275.3Kuwait7756.3Kyrgyz Republic9597.7Lao PDR0321.7Latvia5485.7Lebanon9155Lesotho2183.7Liberia4163.7Lithuania5465Luxembourg6434.3Macedonia, FYR5645Madagascar5665.7Malawi4755.3Malaysia10978.7Maldives0885.3Mali6133.3Marshall Islands2083.3Mauritania5333.7Mauritius6897.7Mexico8556Micronesia0082.7Moldova7164.7Mongolia5866.3Montenegro5866.3Morocco6213Mozambique5496Namibia5565.3Nepal6195.3Netherlands4464.7New Zealand109109.7Nicaragua4565Niger6133.3Nigeria5755.7Norway7676.7Oman8525Pakistan6676.3Palau0082.7Panama1494.7Papua New Guinea5586Paraguay6565.7Peru8576.7Philippines2284Poland7296Portugal6576Puerto Rico7687Qatar5645Romania9546Russian Federation6275Rwanda2512.7Samoa5686.3So Tom and Principe3163.3Saudi Arabia8836.3Senegal6123Serbia7635.3Seychelles4855.7Sierra Leone3685.7Singapore10999.3Slovakia3474.7Slovenia3986.7Solomon Islands3775.7South Africa8888Spain5645Sri Lanka4575.3St. Kitts and Nevis4876.3St. Lucia4876.3St. Vincent and the Grenadines4876.3Sudan0643.3Suriname1052Swaziland0152Sweden6475.7Switzerland0543Syria6524.3Taiwan, China7455.3Tajikistan4153.3Tanzania3485Thailand10767.7Timor-Leste3454Togo6143.7Tonga3384.7Trinidad and Tobago4976.7Tunisia0563.7Turkey9445.7Uganda2554Ukraine1373.7United Arab Emirates4724.3United Kingdom10778United States7998.3Uruguay3485Uzbekistan4634.3Vanuatu5655.3Venezuela3322.7Vietnam6022.7West Bank and Gaza6576Yemen6424Zambia3675.3Zimbabwe8144.3

Region or EconomyDisclosure IndexDirector Liability IndexShareholder Suits IndexInvestor Protection IndexAfghanistanAlbaniaAlgeriaAngolaAntigua and BarbudaArgentinaArmeniaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBahamas, theBahrainBangladeshBelarusBelgiumBelizeBeninBhutanBoliviaBosnia and HerzegovinaBotswanaBrazilBruneiBulgariaBurkina FasoBurundiCambodiaCameroonCanadaCape VerdeCentral African RepublicChadChileChinaColombiaComorosCongo, Dem. Rep.Congo, Rep.Costa RicaCte d'IvoireCroatiaCzech RepublicDenmarkDjiboutiDominicaDominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEquatorial GuineaEritreaEstoniaEthiopiaFijiFinlandFranceGabonGambia, theGeorgiaGermanyGhanaGreeceGrenadaGuatemalaGuineaGuinea-BissauGuyanaHaitiHondurasHong Kong, ChinaHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIrelandIsraelItalyJamaicaJapanJordanKazakhstanKenyaKiribatiKoreaKuwaitKyrgyz RepublicLao PDRLatviaLebanonLesothoLiberiaLithuaniaLuxembourgMacedonia, FYRMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMaliMarshall IslandsMauritaniaMauritiusMexicoMicronesiaMoldovaMongoliaMontenegroMoroccoMozambiqueNamibiaNepalNetherlandsNew ZealandNicaraguaNigerNigeriaNorwayOmanPakistanPalauPanamaPapua New GuineaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPolandPortugalPuerto RicoQatarRomaniaRussian FederationRwandaSamoaSo Tom and PrincipeSaudi ArabiaSenegalSerbiaSeychellesSierra LeoneSingaporeSlovakiaSloveniaSolomon IslandsSouth AfricaSpainSri LankaSt. Kitts and NevisSt. LuciaSt. Vincent and the GrenadinesSudanSurinameSwazilandSwedenSwitzerlandSyriaTaiwan, ChinaTajikistanTanzaniaThailandTimor-LesteTogoTongaTrinidad and TobagoTunisiaTurkeyUgandaUkraineUnited Arab EmiratesUnited KingdomUnited StatesUruguayUzbekistanVanuatuVenezuelaVietnamWest Bank and GazaYemenZambiaZimbabwe

Closing a businessPaying TaxesRegion or EconomyPayments (number)Time (hours)Profit tax (%)Labor tax and contributions (%)Other taxes (%)Total tax rate (% profit)East Asia & Pacific24.9251.62011.17.638.7Eastern Europe & Central Asia47.2366.811.826.110.248.1Latin America & Caribbean34.8393.520.414.613.648.6Middle East & North Africa22.8216.312.916.34.133.3OECD13.4210.517.524.43.445.3South Asia31.5293.318.17.514.740.4Sub-Saharan Africa37.8311.721.513.23266.7Afghanistan82750036.436.4Albania4424416.728.65.250.5Algeria344518.330.235.774.2Angola3127224.6919.553.2Antigua and Barbuda5620731.29.56.246.8Argentina94532.829.475.9108.1Armenia5095812.123.41.136.6Australia1210727.221.81.250.3Austria2217015.134.54.954.5Azerbaijan2337613.824.82.541.1Bahamas, the175806.140.947Bahrain2536014.70.415Bangladesh2130227.3012.239.5Belarus1121.1882239.655.8117.5Belgium111565.950.41.858.1Belize4014719.871.428.2Benin5527016.732.723.973.2Bhutan1927434.21.14.439.8Bolivia411.08015.562.678.1Bosnia and Herzegovina5142821.517.25.444.1Botswana191401700.117.1Brazil112.621.340.67.569.4Brunei1514431.85.6037.4Bulgaria176164.226.83.934.9Burkina Faso4527015.222.66.944.6Burundi3214017.77.8253.3278.7Cambodia2713719.103.522.6Cameroon411.428.418.34.751.4Canada911925.512.67.345.4Cape Verde571002218.513.554Central African Republic54504176.88.118.9203.8Chad5412231.323.95.860.5Chile1031618.33.83.825.9China95041258.9979.9Colombia3125617.933.427.178.4Comoros2010027.2021.648.8Congo, Dem. Rep.3230807.9221.9229.8Congo, Rep.61606032.932.665.5Costa Rica4328219.829.36.655.7Cte d'Ivoire662709.720.115.745.4Croatia1719611.419.41.732.5Czech Republic12930639.53.148.6Denmark913523.50.75.729.9Djibouti3511417.717.73.338.7Dominica3812025.97.93.237Dominican Republic948020.513.41.835.7Ecuador860018.513.72.834.9Egypt2971113.628.93.646.1El Salvador533201717.20.734.9Equatorial Guinea4629613.525.420.659.5Eritrea182168.8075.884.5Estonia10818.838.31.548.6Ethiopia2019826.804.331.1Fiji3314031.210.20.241.5Finland202691729.7147.8France111328.351.35.865.4Gabon2627219.722.72.344.7Gambia, the5037641.412.8238.2292.4Georgia3038714.122.6238.6Germany1619622.722.15.750.5Ghana3322418.114.10.632.7Greece1022413.931.71.947.4Grenada3014027.65.612.145.3Guatemala393441.614.320.636.5Guinea5641621.817.310.849.9Guinea-Bissau4620814.924.86.145.9Guyana3428826.68.8439.4Haiti4216023.312.44.340.1Honduras4722427.410.711.149.3Hong Kong, China48018.65.30.324.2Hungary143309.139.48.957.5Iceland311408.512.85.426.8India6027122.918.230.471.5Indonesia5126626.610.60.137.3Iran2234417.925.90.444.2Iraq1331211.113.5024.7Ireland97614.212.12.528.8Israel3323026.25.32.433.9Italy153342843.22.173.3Jamaica7241428.6139.751.3Japan133553416.25.355.4Jordan2610115.112.43.631.1Kazakhstan927115.617.92.836.4Kenya4141732.56.811.650.9Kiribati712023.48.5031.8Korea1425018.613.41.733.7Kuwait141183.710.7014.4Kyrgyz Republic75202323.734.761.4Lao PDR3456025.25.62.933.7Latvia72792.227.23.733Lebanon191801224.1036Lesotho2132414.503.418Liberia3215825.15.45.335.8Lithuania151668.335.22.946.4Luxembourg22594.115.31.621Macedonia, FYR4075140.83.518.4Madagascar2523819.620.32.942.8Malawi1929229.61.10.731.4Malaysia1214516.815.62.134.5Maldives10009.19.1Mali5827013.331.56.751.4Marshall Islands21128011.85364.9Mauritania38696017.681.198.7Mauritius716111.33.67.322.2Mexico2754923.2271.451.5Micronesia21128526.8058.7Moldova5323410.431.40.342.1Mongolia422046.822.6130.3Montenegro893729.6202.231.8Morocco2835821.321.51.844.6Mozambique3723027.74.52.134.3Namibia3737516.717.625.3Nepal3440820.311.32.534.1Netherlands918021.815.91.439.1New Zealand87032.42.40.735.6Nicaragua6424024.919.219.263.2Niger4227014.919.67.842.3Nigeria3593821.89.70.732.2Norway48724.415.91.341.6Oman14629.711.80.121.6Pakistan4756013.912.62.328.9Palau1912806.566.573Panama5948216.922.511.250.6Papua New Guinea3319422.210.98.641.7Paraguay353289.618.66.735Peru942427.111.82.241.2Philippines4719526.310.314.250.8Poland404181323.53.740.2Portugal832814.126.82.743.6Puerto Rico1621825.312.626.964.7Qatar136011.3011.3Romania11320210.435.52.148Russian Federation2244810.731.86.248.7Rwanda3416020.15.77.933.7Samoa3722411.97018.9So Tom and Principe4242435.56.84.947.2Saudi Arabia14792.112.4014.5Senegal5966614.824.1746Serbia6627911.620.22.234Seychelles167623.622.60.546.6Sierra Leone28399011.3222.2233.5Singapore5847.914.95.127.9Slovakia313256.839.5147.4Slovenia222601321.12.636.7Solomon Islands338024.98.5336.3South Africa920024.52.37.434.2Spain823422.237.20.860.2Sri Lanka6225626.516.920.363.7St. Kitts and Nevis2417232.711.38.852.7St. Lucia326125.55.62.934St. Vincent and the Grenadines3611735.23.93.442.6Sudan421809.319.23.131.6Suriname1719927.90027.9Swaziland3310428.144.536.6Sweden212216.536.41.754.5Switzerland24638.916.73.328.9Syria2033623.219.3143.5Taiwan, China2334019.516.74.240.4Tajikistan5422417.728.239.785.5Tanzania4817219.8187.345.1Thailand2326428.55.73.737.8Timor-Leste1564027.800.628.3Togo5327013.228.36.648.2Tonga2316426.301.227.5Trinidad and Tobago4011421.65.85.833.1Tunisia2222811.924.622.559.1Turkey1522316.824.54.345.5Uganda322222211.31.334.5Ukraine9984811.543.33.758.4United Arab Emirates1412014.10.314.4United Kingdom81052111.23.135.3United States1018723.59.69.242.3Uruguay5333623.210.524.958.5Uzbekistan1061961.927.161.690.6Vanuatu3112004.53.98.4Venezuela7086410.326.919.456.6Vietnam321.0520.619.20.340.1West Bank and Gaza2715416.200.616.8Yemen4424835.111.31.447.8Zambia371321.710.4416.1Zimbabwe5225604.75963.7

Region or EconomyPayments (number)Time (hours)Profit tax (%)Labor tax and contributions (%)Other taxes (%)Total tax rate (% profit)AfghanistanAlbaniaAlgeriaAngolaAntigua and BarbudaArgentinaArmeniaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBahamas, theBahrainBangladeshBelarusBelgiumBelizeBeninBhutanBoliviaBosnia and HerzegovinaBotswanaBrazilBruneiBulgariaBurkina FasoBurundiCambodiaCameroonCanadaCape VerdeCentral African RepublicChadChileChinaColombiaComorosCongo, Dem. Rep.Congo, Rep.Costa RicaCte d'IvoireCroatiaCzech RepublicDenmarkDjiboutiDominicaDominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEquatorial GuineaEritreaEstoniaEthiopiaFijiFinlandFranceGabonGambia, theGeorgiaGermanyGhanaGreeceGrenadaGuatemalaGuineaGuinea-BissauGuyanaHaitiHondurasHong Kong, ChinaHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIrelandIsraelItalyJamaicaJapanJordanKazakhstanKenyaKiribatiKoreaKuwaitKyrgyz RepublicLao PDRLatviaLebanonLesothoLiberiaLithuaniaLuxembourgMacedonia, FYRMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMaliMarshall IslandsMauritaniaMauritiusMexicoMicronesiaMoldovaMongoliaMontenegroMoroccoMozambiqueNamibiaNepalNetherlandsNew ZealandNicaraguaNigerNigeriaNorwayOmanPakistanPalauPanamaPapua New GuineaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPolandPortugalPuerto RicoQatarRomaniaRussian FederationRwandaSamoaSo Tom and PrincipeSaudi ArabiaSenegalSerbiaSeychellesSierra LeoneSingaporeSlovakiaSloveniaSolomon IslandsSouth AfricaSpainSri LankaSt. Kitts and NevisSt. LuciaSt. Vincent and the GrenadinesSudanSurinameSwazilandSwedenSwitzerlandSyriaTaiwan, ChinaTajikistanTanzaniaThailandTimor-LesteTogoTongaTrinidad and TobagoTunisiaTurkeyUgandaUkraineUnited Arab EmiratesUnited KingdomUnited StatesUruguayUzbekistanVanuatuVenezuelaVietnamWest Bank and GazaYemenZambiaZimbabwe

Trading Across BordersRegion or EconomyDocuments for export (number)Time for export (days)Cost to export (US$ per container)Documents for import (number)Time for import (days)Cost to import (US$ per container)East Asia & Pacific6.723.3902.37.124.5948.5Eastern Europe & Central Asia7.129.71649.18.331.71822.2Latin America & Caribbean6.919.71229.87.422.31384.3Middle East & North Africa6.523.31024.47.626.71204.8OECD4.510.71069.15.111.41132.7South Asia8.5331339.1932.51487.3Sub-Saharan Africa7.834.71878.88.841.12278.7Afghanistan1274311772.6Albania721770922775Algeria8171.2489231.428Angola12682.259623.325Antigua and Barbuda5151.1336151.133Argentina9131.487181.81Armenia7301.7469241.981Australia691.26121.239Austria471.125581.125Azerbaijan9483.07514563.42Bahamas, the6169306131.38Bahrain514805615845Bangladesh6289708321.375Belarus8201.7728261.72Belgium481.619591.6Belize7211.816212.145Benin7321.2377401.393Bhutan8381.2111382.14Bolivia8191.4257231.747Bosnia and Herzegovina6161.077161.035Botswana6312.5089423.064Brazil8141.247191.275Brunei628630619708Bulgaria5231.6267211.776Burkina Faso11452.13211543.63Burundi9472.14710713.705Cambodia11227321130872Cameroon9279958331.672Canada371.664111.785Cape Verde5191.3255181.129Central African Republic8575.12118665.074Chad6785.36791026.02Chile621745721795China721460624545Colombia6141.698151.64Comoros10301.07310211.057Congo, Dem. Rep.8462.6079662.483Congo, Rep.11502.4912622.959Costa Rica7181.058251.05Cte d'Ivoire10231.9049432.437Croatia7201.2818161.141Czech Republic4179857201.087Denmark4568135681Djibouti5191.058516978Dominica7131.2978151.31Dominican Republic699167101.15Ecuador9201.3457291.332Egypt614737615823El Salvador814880910820Equatorial Guinea7301.4117491.411Eritrea9501.43113601.581Estonia3573045740Ethiopia8462.0878422.893Fiji13246541324630Finland4849558575France291.0782111.248Gabon7201.9458221.955Gambia, the624831823922Georgia8121.387141.34Germany4782257887Ghana6191.0037291.13Greece5201.1536251.265Grenada6161.1315201.478Guatemala10191.18210181.302Guinea7337209321.191Guinea-Bissau6251.5456242.349Guyana7301.058351.056Haiti8431.0210371.56Honduras7201.16310231.19Hong Kong, China4662545633Hungary5181.37171.29Iceland5151.1095141.183India817945920960Indonesia521704627660Iran8261.01110421.656Iraq101023.9101013.9Ireland471.1094121.121Israel512665412605Italy5201.3055181.305Jamaica6211.756221.42Japan4109895111.047Jordan7197307221.29Kazakhstan11893.00513763.055Kenya9292.0558262.19Kiribati6211.077211.07Korea4876768747Kuwait82099510201.152Kyrgyz Republic1364313753.25Lao PDR9501.8610502.04Latvia613900612850Lebanon5278727381.073Lesotho6441.5498491.715Liberia10201.2329171.212Lithuania610870613980Luxembourg561.42461.42Macedonia, FYR6171.3156151.325Madagascar4231.2799271.66Malawi12451.67110542.55Malaysia718450714450Maldives8211.3489201.348Mali9382.01211422.902Marshall Islands521875533875Mauritania11351.5211421.523Mauritius517725616677Mexico5171.4725232.7Micronesia3301.2556301.255Moldova6321.7757351.895Mongolia8492.1318492.274Montenegro9181.717191.91Morocco71470010181Mozambique8261.210321.475Namibia11291.6869241.813Nepal9411.76410351.9Netherlands46895561.02New Zealand71086859850Nicaragua5291.35291.42Niger8593.54510643.545Nigeria10251.1799421.306Norway4778047709Oman102282110261.037Pakistan924611818680Palau6291.1710331.132Panama3972949879Papua New Guinea726664929722Paraguay93591510331.2Peru724875825895Philippines816816816819Poland517884527884Portugal616685716999Puerto Rico7151.2510161.25Qatar521735720657Romania5121.2756131.175Russian Federation8362.1513362.15Rwanda9423.27510425.07Samoa727820731848So Tom and Principe827690829577Saudi Arabia517681518678Senegal6141.0785181.92Serbia6121.3986141.559Seychelles6171.8395191.839Sierra Leone7291.457341.535Singapore4545643439Slovakia6251.4458251.445Slovenia6201.0758211.13Solomon Islands7241.0114211.194South Africa8301.4459351.721Spain691.1218101.121Sri Lanka821865620895St. Kitts and Nevis612850614938St. Lucia5151.4258181.47St. Vincent and the Grenadines6121.776131.769Sudan6352.056492.9Suriname825975725885Swaziland9212.18411332.249Sweden4869736735Switzerland481.537591.505Syria8151.199211.625Taiwan, China713757712769Tajikistan10823.1510834.55Tanzania5241.2627311.475Thailand414625313795Timor-Leste6251.017261.015Togo624940829963Tonga719650625725Trinidad and Tobago5148666261.1Tunisia517733723858Turkey7149408151.063Uganda6393.097373.29Ukraine6311.2310361.25United Arab Emirates510618710587United Kingdom4131.034131.35United States46990551.245Uruguay10191.110221.33Uzbekistan7803.1111044.6Vanuatu7261.4979301.392Venezuela8492.599712.868Vietnam624734823901West Bank and Gaza6258356401.225Yemen6311.1299281.475Zambia6532.6649643.335Zimbabwe7532.6789733.999

Region or EconomyDocuments for export (number)Time for export (days)Cost to export (US$ per container)Documents for import (number)Time for import (days)Cost to import (US$ per container)AfghanistanAlbaniaAlgeriaAngolaAntigua and BarbudaArgentinaArmeniaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBahamas, theBahrainBangladeshBelarusBelgiumBelizeBeninBhutanBoliviaBosnia and HerzegovinaBotswanaBrazilBruneiBulgariaBurkina FasoBurundiCambodiaCameroonCanadaCape VerdeCentral African RepublicChadChileChinaColombiaComorosCongo, Dem. Rep.Congo, Rep.Costa RicaCte d'IvoireCroatiaCzech RepublicDenmarkDjiboutiDominicaDominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEquatorial GuineaEritreaEstoniaEthiopiaFijiFinlandFranceGabonGambia, theGeorgiaGermanyGhanaGreeceGrenadaGuatemalaGuineaGuinea-BissauGuyanaHaitiHondurasHong Kong, ChinaHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIrelandIsraelItalyJamaicaJapanJordanKazakhstanKenyaKiribatiKoreaKuwaitKyrgyz RepublicLao PDRLatviaLebanonLesothoLiberiaLithuaniaLuxembourgMacedonia, FYRMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMaliMarshall IslandsMauritaniaMauritiusMexicoMicronesiaMoldovaMongoliaMontenegroMoroccoMozambiqueNamibiaNepalNetherlandsNew ZealandNicaraguaNigerNigeriaNorwayOmanPakistanPalauPanamaPapua New GuineaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPolandPortugalPuerto RicoQatarRomaniaRussian FederationRwandaSamoaSo Tom and PrincipeSaudi ArabiaSenegalSerbiaSeychellesSierra LeoneSingaporeSlovakiaSloveniaSolomon IslandsSouth AfricaSpainSri LankaSt. Kitts and NevisSt. LuciaSt. Vincent and the GrenadinesSudanSurinameSwazilandSwedenSwitzerlandSyriaTaiwan, ChinaTajikistanTanzaniaThailandTimor-LesteTogoTongaTrinidad and TobagoTunisiaTurkeyUgandaUkraineUnited Arab EmiratesUnited KingdomUnited StatesUruguayUzbekistanVanuatuVenezuelaVietnamWest Bank and GazaYemenZambiaZimbabwe

Enforcing ContractsRegion or EconomyProcedures (number)Duration (days)Cost (% of claim)East Asia & Pacific37.255148.4Eastern Europe & Central Asia36.4425.223.4Latin America & Caribbean39.7710.131.3Middle East & North Africa43.7688.823.7OECD30.8462.718.9South Asia43.51052.927.2Sub-Saharan Africa39.4659.748.9Afghanistan471.64225Albania3939038.7Algeria4763021.9Angola461.01144.4Antigua and Barbuda4535122.7Argentina3659016.5Armenia4928519Australia2839520.7Austria2539718Azerbaijan3923718.5Bahamas, the4942728.9Bahrain4863514.7Bangladesh411.44263.3Belarus2822523.4Belgium2550516.6Belize5189227.5Benin4282564.7Bhutan472250.1Bolivia4059133.2Bosnia and Herzegovina3859538.4Botswana2998728Brazil4561616.5Brunei5854036.6Bulgaria3956423.8Burkina Faso37446107.4Burundi4483238.6Cambodia44401102.7Cameroon4380046.6Canada3657022.3Cape Verde3742521.8Central African Republic4366082Chad4174377.4Chile3648028.6China3440611.1Colombia341.34652.6Comoros4350689.4Congo, Dem. Rep.43645151.8Congo, Rep.4456053.2Costa Rica4087724.3Cte d'Ivoire3377041.7Croatia3856113.8Czech Republic2782033Denmark3438023.3Djibouti401.22534Dominica4768136Dominican Republic3446040.9Ecuador3958827.2Egypt421.0126.2El Salvador3078619.2Equatorial Guinea4055318.5Eritrea3940522.6Estonia3642518.9Ethiopia3969015.2Fiji3439738.9Finland3223510.4France3033117.4Gabon381.0734.3Gambia, the3243437.9Georgia3628529.9Germany3039414.4Ghana3648723Greece3981914.4Grenada4772332.6Guatemala311.45926.5Guinea5027645Guinea-Bissau411.1425Guyana3658125.2Haiti3550842.6Honduras4590035.2Hong Kong, China2421114.5Hungary3333513Iceland263936.2India461.4239.6Indonesia39570122.7Iran3952017Iraq5152032.5Ireland2051526.9Israel3589025.3Italy411.2129.9Jamaica3565545.6Japan3031622.7Jordan3968931.2Kazakhstan3823022Kenya4446526.7Kiribati3266025.8Korea3523010.3Kuwait5056613.3Kyrgyz Republic3917729Lao PDR4244331.6Latvia2727916Lebanon3772130.8Lesotho4169519.5Liberia411.2835Lithuania3021023.6Luxembourg263218.8Macedonia, FYR3838533.1Madagascar3887142.4Malawi42432142.4Malaysia3060027.5Maldives4166516.5Mali3986052Marshall Islands3647627.4Mauritania4637023.2Mauritius3775017.4Mexico3841532Micronesia3496566Moldova3136516.6Mongolia3231430.6Montenegro4954525.7Morocco4061525.2Mozambique30730142.5Namibia3327029.9Nepal3973526.8Netherlands2551424.4New Zealand3021622Nicaragua3554026.8Niger3954559.6Nigeria3945732Norway333109.9Oman5159813.5Pakistan4797623.8Palau3888535.3Panama3168650Papua New Guinea43591110.3Paraguay3859130Peru4146835.7Philippines3784226Poland3883012Portugal3457714.2Puerto Rico3962024.3Qatar4357021.6Romania3151219.9Russian Federation3728113.4Rwanda2431078.7Samoa4445519.7So Tom and Principe431.18534.8Saudi Arabia4463527.5Senegal4478026.5Serbia3663528.9Seychelles3872014.3Sierra Leone40515149.5Singapore2115025.8Slovakia3056525.7Slovenia321.3518.6Solomon Islands3745578.9South Africa3060033.2Spain3951517.2Sri Lanka401.31822.8St. Kitts and Nevis4757820.5St. Lucia4763537.3St. Vincent and the Grenadines4539430.3Sudan5381019.8Suriname441.71537.1Swaziland4097223.1Sweden3050831.3Switzerland3241724Syria5587229.3Taiwan, China4751017.7Tajikistan3429520.5Tanzania3846214.3Thailand3547914.3Timor-Leste511.8163.2Togo4158847.5Tonga3735030.5Trinidad and Tobago421.3433.5Tunisia3956521.8Turkey3542018.8Uganda3853544.9Ukraine3035441.5United Arab Emirates5060726.2United Kingdom3040423.4United States323009.4Uruguay4072019Uzbekistan4219522.2Vanuatu3043074.7Venezuela2951043.7Vietnam3429531West Bank and Gaza4470021.2Yemen3752016.5Zambia3547138.7Zimbabwe3841032

Region or EconomyProcedures (number)Duration (days)Cost (% of claim)AfghanistanAlbaniaAlgeriaAngolaAntigua and BarbudaArgentinaArmeniaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBahamas, theBahrainBangladeshBelarusBelgiumBelizeBeninBhutanBoliviaBosnia and HerzegovinaBotswanaBrazilBruneiBulgariaBurkina FasoBurundiCambodiaCameroonCanadaCape VerdeCentral African RepublicChadChileChinaColombiaComorosCongo, Dem. Rep.Congo, Rep.Costa RicaCte d'IvoireCroatiaCzech RepublicDenmarkDjiboutiDominicaDominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEquatorial GuineaEritreaEstoniaEthiopiaFijiFinlandFranceGabonGambia, theGeorgiaGermanyGhanaGreeceGrenadaGuatemalaGuineaGuinea-BissauGuyanaHaitiHondurasHong Kong, ChinaHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIrelandIsraelItalyJamaicaJapanJordanKazakhstanKenyaKiribatiKoreaKuwaitKyrgyz RepublicLao PDRLatviaLebanonLesothoLiberiaLithuaniaLuxembourgMacedonia, FYRMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMaliMarshall IslandsMauritaniaMauritiusMexicoMicronesiaMoldovaMongoliaMontenegroMoroccoMozambiqueNamibiaNepalNetherlandsNew ZealandNicaraguaNigerNigeriaNorwayOmanPakistanPalauPanamaPapua New GuineaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPolandPortugalPuerto RicoQatarRomaniaRussian FederationRwandaSamoaSo Tom and PrincipeSaudi ArabiaSenegalSerbiaSeychellesSierra LeoneSingaporeSlovakiaSloveniaSolomon IslandsSouth AfricaSpainSri LankaSt. Kitts and NevisSt. LuciaSt. Vincent and the GrenadinesSudanSurinameSwazilandSwedenSwitzerlandSyriaTaiwan, ChinaTajikistanTanzaniaThailandTimor-LesteTogoTongaTrinidad and TobagoTunisiaTurkeyUgandaUkraineUnited Arab EmiratesUnited KingdomUnited StatesUruguayUzbekistanVanuatuVenezuelaVietnamWest Bank and GazaYemenZambiaZimbabwe

Closing a BusinessRegion or EconomyTime (years)Cost (% of estate)Recovery rate (cents on the dollar)East Asia & Pacific2.723.228.4Eastern Europe & Central Asia3.113.428.3Latin America & Caribbean3.315.926.8Middle East & North Africa3.514.129.9OECD1.78.468.6South Asia56.519.9Sub-Saharan Africa3.420.216.9Afghanistanno practiceno practice0Albaniano practiceno practice0Algeria2.5741.7Angola6.22210Antigua and Barbuda3735.5Argentina2.81229.8Armenia1.9441.8Australia1878.8Austria1.11871.5Azerbaijan2.7830.1Bahamas, the5454.7Bahrain2.51063.2Bangladesh4823.2Belarus5.82233.4Belgium0.9486.3Belize12363.4Benin42216.7Bhutanno practiceno practice0Bolivia1.81537.3Bosnia and Herzegovina3.3935.9Botswana1.71560.3Brazil41217.1Brunei2.5447.2Bulgaria3.3932.1Burkina Faso4921.7Burundino practiceno practice0Cambodiano practiceno practice0Cameroon3.21525.5Canada0.8488.7Cape Verdeno practiceno practice0Central African Republic4.8760Chadno practiceno practice0Chile4.51521.3China1.72235.3Colombia3152.8Comorosno practiceno practice0Congo, Dem. Rep.5.2295.4Congo, Rep.32420.4Costa Rica3.51525.4Cte d'Ivoire2.21834Croatia3.11530.5Czech Republic6.51520.9Denmark1.1486.5Djibouti51815.9Dominicano practiceno practice0Dominican Republic3.5388.9Ecuador5.31816.1Egypt4.22216.8El Salvador4930.8Equatorial Guineano practiceno practice0Eritreano practiceno practice0Estonia3937.5Ethiopia31532.2Fiji1.83820.1Finland0.9487.3France1.9944.7Gabon51515.2Gambia, the31519.5Georgia3.3427.9Germany1.2852.2Ghana1.92224Greece2944.2Grenadano practiceno practice0Guatemala31528.2Guinea3.8822Guinea-Bissauno practiceno practice0Guyana32917.6Haiti5.7302.7Honduras3.81520.8Hong Kong, China1.1979.8Hungary21538.4Iceland1476.6India10910.4Indonesia5.51813.7Iran4.5923.1Iraqno practiceno practice0Ireland0.4986.6Israel42344.9Italy1.82256.6Jamaica1.11864.5Japan0.6492.5Jordan4.3927.3Kazakhstan3.31825.3Kenya4.52231.6Kiribatino practiceno practice0Korea1.5480.5Kuwait4.2134.5Kyrgyz Republic41514.2Lao PDRno practiceno practice0Latvia31329Lebanon42219Lesotho2.6833.9Liberia3438.3Lithuania1.7748Luxembourg21541.7Macedonia, FYR3.72816.7Madagascarno practiceno practice0Malawi2.63015.1Malaysia2.31538.6Maldives6.7418.2Mali3.61820.9Marshall Islands23817.9Mauritania896.7Mauritius1.71533.6Mexico1.81864.2Micronesia5.3383.5Moldova2.8928.6Mongolia4822Montenegro2843.7Morocco1.81835.1Mozambique5915.2Namibia1.51539.5Nepal5924.5Netherlands1.1482.7New Zealand1.3476.2Nicaragua2.21534.3Niger51814Nigeria22228Norway0.9189Oman4435.1Pakistan2.8439.2Palau12338.2Panama2.51832.4Papua New Guinea32324.7Paraguay3.9920.7Peru3.1725.4Philippines5.7384.4Poland32029.8Portugal2969.4Puerto Rico3.8855.2Qatar2.82252.7Romania3.3929.5Russian Federation3.8928.2Rwandano practiceno practice0Samoa2.53814.3So Tom and Principeno practiceno practice0Saudi Arabia1.52237.5Senegal3731.6Serbia2.72325.4Seychellesno practiceno practice0Sierra Leone2.6428.5Singapore0.8191.3Slovakia41845.9Slovenia2845.5Solomon Islands13823.6South Africa21832.2Spain11573.2Sri Lanka1.7543.4St. Kitts and Nevisno practiceno practice0St. Lucia2942.9St. Vincent and the Grenadinesno practiceno practice0Sudanno practiceno practice0Suriname5308.1Swaziland21534.9Sweden2975.1Switzerland3446.8Syria4.1929.5Taiwan, China1.9480.9Tajikistan3925.4Tanzania32221.3Thailand2.73642.4Timor-Lesteno practiceno practice0Togo31526.6Tonga2.72225.2Trinidad and Tobagono practiceno practice0Tunisia1.3752.3Turkey3.31520.2Uganda2.23041.1Ukraine2.9429.1United Arab Emirates5.13010.2United Kingdom1684.2United States1.5776.7Uruguay2.1743Uzbekistan41018.7Vanuatu2.63841.2Venezuela4386Vietnam51518West Bank and Gazano practiceno practice0Yemen3828.6Zambia2.7930.2Zimbabwe3.3220

Region or EconomyTime (years)Cost (% of estate)Recovery rate (cents on the dollar)

Grfico219.123.616.819.315.416.117.2

Nmero de procedimientos

Hoja1Dealing with Construction PermitsRegion or EconomyProcedures (number)Duration (days)Cost (% of income per capita)East Asia & Pacific19.1174.3171Eastern Europe & Central Asia23.6257.2680.4Latin America & Caribbean16.8229.3248.6Middle East & North Africa19.3186.6433.3OECD15.4161.556.7South Asia16.1244.62340.9Sub-Saharan Africa17.2271.12574.4Afghanistan1334014918.9Albania24331435Algeria2224046.8Angola12328831.1Antigua and Barbuda1315625.8Argentina28338183.31Armenia1911628Australia1622113.2Austria1319470.4Azerbaijan31207522.6Bahamas, the18197241.6Bahrain135657.2Bangladesh14231739.8Belarus1721039.2Belgium1416965.2Belize116617.81Benin15410303.6Bhutan25183158.4Bolivia17249121.61Bosnia a