Complete Streets[insert name of Community Action

Team] (Building Healthy Communities Coordinator)

(Health Department)

How did we get here?

Safe Routes to School

Context Sensitive Solutions

Complete Streets

Walkable, Bikeable Communities

The Focus

What are “Complete Streets”?

Complete streets are roadways

planned, designed and constructed

to accommodate safe access for all

users. On these streets,

pedestrians, bicyclists, motorists

and transit riders of all ages and

abilities are able to safely move

along and across streets which

may include sidewalks, crosswalks,

and bike lanes.

Complete Streets & Context Sensitive Solutions ExamplesUrban

Suburban

Rural

There is no prescription for Complete Streets!

Incomplete Street

TOO NARROW TO SHARE WITH BIKES

Incomplete Street

TOO DANGEROUS TO CROSS ON FOOT

Incomplete Street

UNINVITING FOR BUS RIDERS

Incomplete Street

INACCESSIBLE FOR WHEELCHAIR USERS

Incomplete Street

NO ROOM FOR PEOPLE, NO SIDEWALKS

Top Pedestrian Complaints:Incomplete Streets

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Too FewSidewalks

InsensitiveDrivers

Poor Surface

Percentage of Pedestrians Experiencing Problematic Streets

Nondisabled

Disabled

2002 National Transportation Availability

& Use Survey

Top Bicyclist Complaints:Incomplete Streets

0510152025303540

Too FewBikeways

InsensitiveDrivers

Traffic TooClose

Percentage of Cyclists ExperiencingProblematic Streets

Nondisabled

Disabled

2002 National Transportation Availability

& Use Survey

Michigan Pedestrian Safety

Deaths in Crashes

• 2009 in 121 • 2008 in 114 • 2007 in 134

Source: Michigan Traffic Crash Facts/Office of Highway Safety Planning

How is Lansing doing?

Every three days someone is hit while walking or

bicycling in Lansing, on average.

(Lansing Police Department Traffic Crash Reporting System Data)

In Lansing, 2.45% of trips are by foot and 0.42% bike.

In Ann Arbor, 15.79% of trips are by foot; in Madison 3.19%

of trips are by bike. (U.S. Census Decennial, 2000)

Locations of 653 walking and bicycling accidents in Lansing 2001-2005

Corridors/ major streets seem to have more accidents:

•MLK

•Cedar

•Along 496

•Michigan Ave

•Saginaw

•Oakland

•Mt. Hope

•Jolly

•Miller

Age Distribution of Victims

Lots of accidents among people age 11-25 and age 42-51. Some, but fewer, for ages 5-10 and 26-41.

Schools with over 80% of students NOT riding a school bus

Did You Know?In the 2000 U.S. Census, 8,713 Ingham

County households did not have a vehicle.

Lansing residents include:– 11,132 seniors over age 65– 9,594 people with two or more

disabilities– 20,657 children between age 5 and 16*

This is nearly 40% of our total population!

The Many Types ofComplete Streets: Urban

The Many Types ofComplete Streets: Rural

The Many Types ofComplete Streets: Commercial

The Many Types ofComplete Streets: Major Road

The Many Types ofComplete Streets: Major Road

The Many Types ofComplete Streets: Neighborhood

The Many Types ofComplete Streets: Downtown

Why Complete Streets? MONEY

Ease Residents’ Expenses• Non-motorized travel allows people to make

fewer car trips and save on gasoline.– A 2007 MSU study confirms that building walk and

bike friendly features leads to more walking and bicycling.

 Ease Employers’ Expenses• Poor exercise habits of employees costs

employers additional healthcare costs.

• Businesses that provide opportunities for employees to walk and bicycle during the workday report a ~30% reduction in sick-leave absenteeism, health care use, and worker’s comp and disability claims.

Why Complete Streets? MONEY

Ease Government Expenses• Non-motorized travel manages traffic

demand, saves money on road and parking facilities, and reduces congestion.

• By making a community more walkable, property values can increase from $10-$40/sq.ft. to $50-$100/sq.ft. and homebuyers are willing to pay $20,000 more.

Increase Sales for Businesses • Walkability features in downtown Lodi, CA

have led to a 30% overall increase in sales for downtown businesses, a drop in the vacancy rate from 18% to 6%, and the addition of 60 new businesses.

* Sources at www.walkbikelansing.com/Why

Why Complete Streets? HEALTHImprove Physical Health • The leading cause of death in Michigan is heart

disease. • 1/3 of all deaths in the United States attributable to

coronary heart disease could have been prevented if all persons were highly active.

• Research continues to show a strong relationship between walkability and bikeability and residents’ overall physical health.

Ease Healthcare Costs • If just 1 in 20 sedentary Michigan adults became

physically active, Michigan employers would save $575 million per year in healthcare costs and insurance premiums.

Why Complete Streets? ENVIRONMENTImprove Air Quality • In Michigan, vehicles create 30% of

Michigan’s ozone-forming pollutants. • 2006 studies show that the more

walkable a community, the lower the vehicle emissions.

Reduce Our Carbon Footprint • Global warming is increasing, and the

impacts will only get worse if we don’t start cutting carbon emissions.

• Between 1960 and 2001, Michigan’s CO2 emissions from fossil fuels increased by 46%—primarily as a result of oil combustion for transportation.

Why Complete Streets? PEOPLE

• Protect Our Children and Older Adults Of the 13 pedestrians and bicyclists killed by cars in Lansing between 2000 and 2006, most were children and seniors.

• Attract Residents 79% of Americans rate “sidewalks and places to take walks” as a top consideration in choosing where to live.

• Recent college graduates from Michigan schools say that safe streets and neighborhoods, walk-able streets, and affordable living are their top factors in choosing where to live.

• 50% of Americans will be over 55 in 2030

• 21% of Americans over the age of 65 do not drive

• 33% of Americans don’t drive

• >50% of non-drivers stay at home because they lack transportation options

Photos: Michael Ronkin, ODOT

Why Complete Streets? PEOPLE

• Walking and bicycling help prevent obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, and colon cancer.

• Residents are 65% more likely to walk in a neighborhood with sidewalks.

Why Complete Streets? PEOPLE

• 20% of Americans have a disability that limits their daily activities

• Complete Streets feature curb cuts and other designs for disabled travelers

• Complete Streets reduce isolation and dependence

Why Complete Streets? PEOPLE

• 52% of Americans want to bike more than they do now

• 55% of Americans would prefer to drive less and walk more

photo: Dan Burden, pedbikeimages.org

Why Complete Streets? PEOPLE

Where would you rather live?

OR

OR

How Do We Make Lansing Walk and Bike Friendly?

One strategy*: Create a network of walkways and bikeways based on what residents, businesses, and stakeholders want:– Sidewalks – need new– Sidewalks – need repair– Crosswalks – need new– Crosswalks – need modification– Curb Cuts – need one or need improvement– Bike Routes: signed routes on good biking streets– Bike Lanes: 4’-6’ special lane, striped and signed– Trails: off-road, for walking, biking, rollerblading, etc

* Note: several other strategies related to education and health promotion have also been outlined in the Walk and Bike Lansing! strategy document.

FHWA Walkway and Bikeway List• Sidewalk—A paved walkway that allows pedestrians to walk

along the roadway without interference from traffic. • Buffer or planting strip— A zone separating pedestrians on

sidewalks from moving vehicles on the road. • Marked crosswalk— Areas on the street (delineated by

paint, brick, etc.) indicating to pedestrians where they should cross the road.

• Curb ramp or curb cut— A ramp providing a smooth transition between sidewalk and street.

• Raised medians and crossing islands— The median is the area between opposing lanes of traffic. These provide pedestrians with a safe place to wait while crossing a street.

• Curb extension— An extension of the sidewalk into the street that reduces the distance pedestrians must cross.

• Traffic sign— An official device that gives a specific message, either by words or symbols, to the public. Examples are "stop," "yield," etc.

FHWA Walkway and Bikeway List

• Traffic signal— A visual signal to control the flow of traffic. Pedestrian signals let pedestrians know when they have priority and warn drivers to stop/yield for pedestrians.

• Traffic calming— Physical changes to a street to encourage drivers to drive slowly or to discourage cut-through traffic.

• Road diet— Narrowing or eliminating travel lanes on a roadway to make more room for pedestrians and bicyclists.

• Overpasses/underpasses— A street crossing separating pedestrians from motor vehicle traffic (i.e., bridge or tunnel).

• Street lighting— This illuminates the roadway and intersections to help motorists see other motor vehicles and pedestrians crossing the roadway.

• Temporary walkways— These provide pedestrians with designated routes along a construction site when sidewalks and other pedestrian travel ways have been closed.

What is a bike lane?

Photo by Heidi Potter

The Safest Place to RideIn 1996, over 2,000 League of American Bicyclist members were surveyed about the accidents they were involved in over the course of the previous year. From the information, a relative danger index was calculated which shows that streets with bike lanes are the safest places to ride.

The chart on the left shows the Facility Danger Index determined through the study. The findings of the 1996 LAB study are consistent with the findings of a similar study done by the LAB in 1974 (LAW 74), and another similar study done by Washington State in 1994 (WA 94).

Source: William E. Moritz, Ph.D., “Adult Bicyclists In The United StatesCharacteristics And Riding Experience In 1996.” TRB Preprint Paper, 1998.

Bike lanes lead to 30-40%

reduction in bike crashes.

New Ideas: Mid-block crossings

• People routinely cross at mid-block locations.

• Well-designed mid-block crossings can provide many safety benefits to pedestrians when placed in proper locations.

• A typical road diet technique is to reduce the number of lanes on a roadway cross-section.

• One of the most common applications of a road diet is to improve safety in the context of two-way streets with 4-lane sections.

New Ideas: Road Diets

New Ideas: Road Diets• Road diets do not displace

traffic, unless they have exceptionally high numbers.

• Road diet ranges typically start at 8,000 vehicles per day, and climb to 19,000 vehicles per day.

• At 20,000 vehicles-per-day the diet is called a "Super Road Diet." These diets range from 19,000 on up to about 23,000 vehicles per day. They are undertaken by replacing signals with roundabouts, and other means to keep traffic moving smoothly and uniformly.

Are Complete Streets Expensive?

“By fully considering the needs of all non-

motorized travelers (pedestrians, bicyclists,

and persons with disabilities) early in the life

of a project, the costs associated with

including facilities for these travelers [later]

are minimized.”

Jeff Morales, former Director, CalTrans

Lansing’s Transportation Funding

• Based on financial data from fiscal year 2007, the city of Lansing received $8,121,422.95 from the Michigan Transportation Fund.

• Of these funds, a minimum of 1% is required to be spent on qualified non-motorized facilities including bike lanes, off road paths, sidewalks, etc.

• This equates to $81,214.23 for the 2007 fiscal year.

2009 City of Lansing Road Repairs

$7.52 CSO Streets

$2.33 STP Projects

$2.3 ARRA Projects

$1.4 Act 51 Projects$3.0 Emergency

Bond Projects

Total City Investment: $16.55 Million

2009 City of Lansing Road Repairs

MDOT Projects11.4 Miles

ARRA Projects3.6 Miles STP Projects

1.5 Miles

CSO Projects8.4 Miles

Emergency Bonding7.3 Miles

Act 51 Projects5.6 Miles

37.8 Total Miles Improved

2009 City of Lansing Road Repairs Miles by Street Type

State Trunkline11.8 Miles

Major Streets13.2 Miles

Local Streets12.8 Miles

How Much Do Different “Complete Streets” Facilities Cost?

If you are already working on the road and planning to resurface, do CSO, or anything else that requires re-striping, the cost of creating a “Complete Street” is minimal.

Sample Costs of Complete Streets Improvements

Facility / Project Type Cost 4 to 3 lane conversion (re-striping only) $8,000 per mile(could include bike lanes)

4 to 3 lane conversion (w/ road work) $20,000 per mile

On-road bike lane (5’ x 2 directions) $550,000 per mile(Cost for additional pavement, striping, and signs)

Sidewalk installation $120,000 per mile/side

**The cost of creating complete streets can be minimal, particularly if you are already resurfacing the road or re-striping

Costs

• 20 miles of bike lane = ~$160,000, if done as a “road diet”

• 30 miles of sidewalk = ~$3.6 million• 5 miles of River Trail = ~$1.7 million

Nationally:% of Trips vs. % of Funding

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Receive 1% ofFederal Funding

Represent 10% ofTrips

Suffer 13% ofFatalities

Pedestrians and Bicyclists...

FMIS, NHTS, FARS federal databases

How is Lansing doing?

Lansing Ann Arbor (current)

Ann Arbor (proposed)

Sidewalks 590 400 425

Bike Lanes 10 21 59

Mid-block Crossings 129

Bike Routes 0

Wide Paved Shoulders 4

Shared Use Paths (trails) 8 23

Total bikeway network ~20 40 80

1. Pass a local Complete Streets policy2. Implement policies that will guide community design so that it is easier and safer for children and families to incorporate physical activity into their daily routines.

Goals

National & State Advocates

www.completestreets.org

Policies Nationwide

Complete Streets State Policy Action Team

• County Road Association of Michigan• Crim Fitness Foundation• League of Michigan Bicyclists• Michigan Association of Counties• Michigan Association of Planning• Michigan Department of Community Health• Michigan Department of Transportation• Michigan Environmental Council• Michigan Fitness Foundation• Michigan Municipal League• Michigan Recreation and Park Association• Michigan State Housing Development Authority• Michigan Trails and Greenways Alliance• Seven Local Community Grant Sites - YOU

Local Policies

www.michigancompletestreets.org

Michigan Momentum

Overview of the Program

• Supported by Healthy Kids, Healthy Michigan Coalition and members, 2007– Lack of emphasis in policy arena

• Goal: Pass a state-level Complete Streets policy by February 28, 2012 via two-pronged approach– State level policy activity

• Working through HKHM

– Develop local support through grants to communities to implement their own

Complete Streets policies

Overview of the Program

Complete Streets Local Policy Action Team

Local Complete Streets Policy Benchmarks

Policy (2/28/11)

Education/Training (>1)

Communications/Outreach

Relationship Building

Complete Streets Policy Process

1. Educate community and local leadersa. Presentations, ads, news release, talk-shows

2. Educate local policymakers3. Gain community support for Complete Streets

a. letters, resolutions, petition signatures4. Identify a champion local policymaker5. Introduce/pass a local Complete Streets policy6. Demonstrate public support

a. Letters to editor, phone calls, attending city hearings

7.Use local support to pass a statewide policy

Complete Streets Local Example

• Paste a photo of your community where complete streets are needed and a good example of where it’s in place.

Technically feasible in Lansing

Road Segment Miles Possible Change

Edgewood Blvd MLK Jr Blvd to Georgetown Blvd. 0.2 4 to 3

Grand River Avenue East of Larch Street to Pennsylvania Avenue 0.4 4 to 3

Holmes Road Sommerset to Waverly Road 1.7 4 to 3

Holmes Road Washington Avenue to Cedar Street 0.8 4 to 3

Jolly Road Waverly to MLK Jr. Blvd. 1.7 4 to 3

Jolly Road MLK Jr Blvd to Jolly-Cedar Court 0.9 4 to 3

Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd North of Oakland to Grand River Avenue 1.0 4 to 3

Mt. Hope Avenue Aurelius Road to east City Limits 0.9 4 to 3

Mt. Hope Avenue Washington Avenue to Waverly Road 2.5 4 to 3

North Grand River Ave West Grand River Ave to Willow Road 0.3 4 to 3

Pleasant Grove Rd Jolly Road to MLK Jr. Blvd 1.2 4 to 3

Washington Ave Miller Road to Jolly Road 1.0 Restripe

Washington Ave Mt. Hope Ave. to Main Street .9 5 to 3

Lansing Street Funding HistoryCity of Lansing Street Funding History (draft) 3/3/09

FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09

SRF Loan $2,140,000 $2,600,000 $3,500,000 $4,600,000

Sewage Bonds $660,000 $840,000 $1,200,000 $860,000

G.F. Bonds $2,400,000 $4,500,000 $2,860,000 $1,920,000

subtotal CSO $5,200,000 $7,940,000 $7,560,000 $7,380,000

ACT51 Major

Major Maintenance $400,000 $565,000 $1,300,000 $1,500,000

STP Match $400,000 $675,000 $675,000 $100,000

subtotal ACT51 Major $800,000 $1,240,000 $1,975,000 $1,600,000

ACT51 Local $770,000 $400,000 $300,000 $500,000

Total ACT51 $1,570,000 $1,640,000 $2,275,000 $2,100,000

Metro ACT $400,000 $400,000 $400,000 $400,000

STP Grant $1,360,000 $1,150,000 $2,300,000 $1,650,000

Emergency Repair Bonds $0 $0 $3,500,000 $3,000,000

Trunkline Match $535,000 $50,000 $80,000 $90,000

Other

Total All Funds $9,065,000 $11,180,000 $16,115,000 $14,620,000

Running Average $9,065,000 $10,122,500 $12,120,000 $12,745,000

Upcoming road projects (where non-motorized could be implemented if people wanted it)

• Edgewood Blvd. - MLK, Jr. Blvd to west of Washington• Washington Avenue - CN Railroad to Main• Dunckel Road - US-127/I-496 to Collins• Grand Avenue - Ottawa to Shiawassee• Willow Road - Pine to west of Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd• Allegan Street- Capitol to Grand M-43• (Oakland/Saginaw) - west City limits to east City limits

Potential Federal Stimulus Projects• Edgewood Boulevard - Washington to Cedar• Holmes Road - Pleasant Grove to Berwick• Michigan Avenue - US-127 to east City limits• Washington Avenue - Miller to Jolly0

Next Steps

•Continue to engage stakeholders/ community

•Develop policy language

•Discuss with local leaders

•Introduce legislation

•Provide more education opportunities

We Can’t Do It Without You!

• Educate the Community

•Sign up to be part of our local team

•Sign the Michigan Complete Streets petition at: www.michigancompletestreets.org •Pass a Local Complete Streets Policy

•Support Michigan Complete Streets Legislation

Resources

• N-Planwww.nplanonline.org

• National Complete Streets Resourceswww.completestreets.org/

• Michigan Complete Streets Resourceshttp://michigancompletestreets.org

• MDCH Building Healthy Communitieswww.michigan.gov/healthycommunities

Thank you!