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Computational Fluid Dynamics 2002

Computational Fluid Dynamics 2002 - rd.springer.com978-3-642-59334-5/1.pdf · Tiago Quintino, Mario Ricchiuto, Arpi Csz'k, Herman Deconinck and ... M. Sergio Campobasso, Michael B

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Computational Fluid Dynamics 2002

Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Hong Kong London Milan Paris Tokyo

Physics and Astronomy ONLINE LIBRARY

http://www.springer.de/phys/

S. Armfield P. Morgan K. Srinivas (Eds.)

Computational Fluid Dynamics 2002 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics, ICCFD, Sydney, Australia, 15-19 July 2002

Springer

Professor Steve W. Armfield Professor Patrick Morgan Professor Karkenahalli Srinivas University of Sydney School of Aerospace Building J 07

2006 Sydney Australia

Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for

Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at <http://dnb.ddb.de>.

ISBN-13:978-3-642-63938-8 e-ISBN-13:978-3-642-S9334-5 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-59334-5

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broad­casting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law.

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York a member of BertelsmannSpringer Science+ Business Media GmbH http://www.springer.de © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003

Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 2003

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant pro­tective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

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Printed on acid-free paper 5713141/xo 5 4 3 2 1 0

Preface

We are pleased to present the Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics held at the University of Sydney, Australia, from July 15 to 19, 2002. The conference was a productive meeting of scientists, mathematicians and engineers involved in the computation of fluid flow. Keynote lectures were presented in the areas of optimisation, algorithms, turbulence and bio-fluid mechanics.

Two hundred and fifty abstracts from many countries were received for con­sideration. The executive committee, consisting of A. Lerat, M. Napolitano, J.J. Chattot, N. Satofuka and myself, were responsible for the selection of papers. Each of the members had a separate subcommittee to carry out the evaluation. One hundred and seventy papers were selected of which one hundred and fifty two were presented at the conference. All papers that appear in the proceedings have been peer reviewed by a panel of experts (with a minimum of two for every paper) before publication.

The conference was attended by 160 delegates with a minimum of late with­drawals. The informal and friendly atmosphere provided by the university sur­roundings was highly appreciated, and the technical aspects of the conference were stimulating.

It is appropriate here to thank Alain Lerat, the retiring secretary of the international scientific committee of the conference. We also wish to welcome J. J. Chattot who is the incoming secretary.

I would also like to thank the members of the local organising committee who processed the abstracts and the manuscripts, the referees for their invaluable comments, the sponsors for their generous support and the many students and spouses for their help.

Sydney, Australia September 2002

K. Srinivas chairman

Sponsors

NASA, Ames, USA Dassault Aviation, Paris, France Defence Science & Technology Organisation, Australia Aerospace, Mechanical & Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Australia The Institution of Engineers, Australia.

Local Organising Committee

K Srinivas, University of Sydney, Chairman, Editor S W Armfield, University of Sydney, Co-Chairman, Editor-in-Chief P Morgan, University of Sydney, Secretary, Editor M Behnia, University of New South Wales D J Auld, University of Sydney J Madani, University of Sydney B Dally, University of Adelaide L Cheng, University of Western Australia J P Denier, University of Adelaide G Bain, Defence Science & Technology Organisation, Australia

International Scientific Committee

C H Bruneau, France R MacCormack, USA J J Chattot, USA K Nakahashi, Japan H Deconinck, Belgium Y Nakamura, Japan S Dennis, Carmda M Napolitano, Italy S M Deshpande, India J Periaux, France D XFu, China R Radespiel, Germany K Fujii, Japan P L Roe, USA M Giles, UK F Sabetta, Italy M Hafez, USA N Satofuka, Japan Y Hussaini, USA Y Shokin, Russia R Klein, Germany K Srinivas, Australia D Kwak, USA HMWu, China A Lerat, France Y Yang, Taiwan P Le Quere, France F G zhuang, China

Honorary Members

H Cabbannes, France M Holt, France E Krause, Germany K W Morton, UK K Oshima, Japan R Peyret, France P Zandbergen, Netherlands

Contents

Part I Invited Lectures

A Newton-Krylov Algorithm for Aerodynamic Analysis and Design D. W. Zingg, M. Nemec, T. T. Chisholm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Studying Bypass Transition to Turbulence by Computer Simulation P. A. Durbin, C. Kalitzen .......................................... 19

A Parallel Non-Staggered Navier-Stokes Solver Implemented on a Workstation Cluster S. Armfield, S. Norris, P. Morgan, R. Street. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 30

Towards Computational Biomechanics Based Cardiovascular Medical Practice Takami Yamaguchi, Tomoaki Hayasaka, Daisuke Mori, Hiroyuki Hayashi, Kouichiro Yano, Fumio Mizuno, Makoto Harazawa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 46

Part II Algorithms

Uncertainty Quantification in CFD Simulations: A Stochastic Spectral Approach Lionel Mathelin, M. Yousuff Hussaini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 65

A Computational Method for Combustion Using Conditional Moment Closure M.J. Cleary, J.H. Kent and R. W. Bilger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 71

Building-Cube Method for Flow Problems with Broadband Characteristic Length K azuhim N akahashi ............................................... 77

A Discrete Sensitivity Solver for an Industrial CFD Code via Automatic Differentiation David W. F. Standingford, Shaun A. Forth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 82

X Contents

Conservative Multidimensional Upwind Residual Distribution Schemes for Arbitrary Finite Elements Tiago Quintino, Mario Ricchiuto, Arpi Csz'k, Herman Deconinck and Stefaan Poedts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 88

An Embedded Grid Adaptation Strategy for Unstructured Data Based Finite Volume Computations Nikhil Shende, Umesh Garg, D. Karthikeyan, N. Balakrishnan. . . . . . . . . .. 94

Computation of 3D Steady Navier-Stokes Flow with Free-Surface Gravity Waves Mervyn R. Lewis, Barry Koren, Hoyte C. Raven . ...................... 100

Profile-modifiable Conservative Transport Schemes and a Simple Multi-integrated Moment Formulation for Hydrodynamics Feng Xiao . ........................................................ 106

Preconditioned Implicit Flux-splitting Scheme for Condensate Flows Satoru Yamamoto, Byeong Rog Shin . ................................. 112

Numerical Model for Flows Including a Solid Body by Level Set Method Kensuke Yokoi . .................................................... 118

Designing Adaptive Low Dissipative High Order Schemes H. C. Yee, B. Sjogreen .............................................. 124

A New Grid-free Method for Conservation Laws Praveen Chandrashekar, S M Deshpande .............................. 128

CFD Newton Solvers with EliAD: An Elimination Automatic Differentiation Tool Shaun A. Forth, Mohamed Tadjouddine . .............................. 134

Parallelized, Solution Adaptive, Multi-Grid Hybrid Unstructured Methods for the Navier-Stokes Equations on Complex Configurations S. J. Zhang, J. Liu, Y. S. Chen, D. Godavarty, P. Mallapragada . ........ 140

Uncertainty of Solution in Euler Equations and Numerical Instability Kyu Hong Kim, Chongam Kim, Oh-Hyun Rho, Kyung-Tae Lee . ......... 146

Discontinuous Galerkin Method for the Time-domain Maxwell's Equations Adour V. Kabakian, Vijaya Shankar, William F. Hall . ................. 153

Contents XI

Controllable and Observable Subspaces in Computational Fluid Dynamics Karen Willcox . .................................................... 159

A Compact Residual Scheme for Unsteady Compressible Flow Problems Remi Abgrall, Mohamed Mezine . ..................................... 165

Coordinate Transformation for CFD Zi-Niu Wu, Jing Shi ............................................... 171

Part III Application

3-Dimensional SPH Simulations of High Pressure Die Casting Joseph Ha, Paul W. Cleary ......................................... 179

Numerical Simulations of Blood Flow at the Distal Anastomosis between a Prosthetic Graft and a Native Popliteal Artery Siro Kitamura, Yoshinori Inoue, Takehisa Iwai, Junichi Goida . .......... 185

Effect of Ship Frontal Variation on the Flow Field in the Flight-Deck Region R. Toffoletto, K.R. Reddy, J. Lewis .................................. 191

Part IV Compressible Flow

Numerical Solution of the Euler Equations with a Multiorder Discontinuous Finite Element Method Francesco Bassi, Stefano Rebay ...................................... 199

A Positivity Preserving Finite Element Method for Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations Matthew Hubbard, Martin Berzins . ................................... 205

A Residual-Based Scheme for Solving Unsteady Compressible Viscous Flows Gregoire Hanss, Christophe Corre, Alain Lerat ........................ 211

A Multi-Block Shock-Fitting Technique to Solve Steady and Unsteady Compressible Flows Francesco Nasuti . .................................................. 217

3D Numerical Simulation of a Planar Compressible Free Mixing Layer Song Fu, Qibing Li ................................................. 223

XII Contents

A Blunt Body Analogy for Bow Shock Characteristics in Front of a Supersonic Liquid Jet Sam Zakrzewski, K ulachate Pianthong, M asud Behnia, Brian E. Milton . .. 229

Spectral (Finite) Volume Method for the One Dimensional Euler Equations Z.J. Wang, Yen Liu . ............................................... 235

High Resolution Monotonicity-Preserving Schemes for Unsteady Compressible Flows Virginie Daru, Christian Tenaud . .................................... 241

Arbitrarily Accurate Non-Oscillatory Schemes for Nonlinear Scalar Conservation Laws with Source Terms II Yoko Takakum, Eleuterio F. Toro .................................... 247

Parallel Preconditioners with Mesh Adaptation for Compressible Flow Computations Marzio Sala, Penelope Leyland, Luca Formaggia, Farid Moussaoui, Yannick Savoy .................................................... 253

A New Grid-free Relaxation Scheme for Conservation Laws S. Balasubmmanyam, S. V. Raghumma Rao ., ......................... 259

Part V Computational Aerodynamics

On the Potential of Numerical Optimization of High-Lift Multi-Element Airfoils based on the Solution of the Navier-Stokes-Equations Jochen Wild . ...................................................... 267

Thrust and Lift Dependence of a Plunging Airfoil on Oscillation Frequency and Amplitude J. Young, J. C.S. Lai ............................................... 273

A New Set of Boundary Conditions for Aerodynamic Design Michele Ferlauto, Angelo lollo, Roberto Marsilio, Luca Zannetti ......... 279

Numerical Analysis of the Clustered Type Aerospike Nozzle Flow: Flow Structures and Thrust Performance Takashi Ito, Kozo HLjii ............................................. 285

Contents XIII

Part VI Direct Numerical Simulation

A Comparison of 2-D and 3-D Solutions for Incompressible Bifurcating Jets in Stratified Environments P. L. Morgan, M. Kirkpatrick and S. W. Armfield . .................... 293

Simulations of Turbulent and Gravity Interfaces by Lagrangian Block Method Vincent H. Chu, Wihel Altai ........................................ 299

Parallel DNS of Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence Using Variable Order Method of Lines Hidetoshi Nishida, Satoshi Nakai, Nobuyuki Satofuka ................... 305

Direct Numerical Simulation of a Turbulent Shear Flow Beneath a Wind-Driven Water Surface Wu-ting Tsai . ..................................................... 311

New Bench-mark Results for the 2D Lid-driven Cavity Problem Charles-Henri Bruneau, Mazen Saad ................................. 317

Numerical Simulation of Viscoelastic Flow past a Linear Array of Cylinders by Parallel Computation Hua-Shu Dou and Nhan Phan- Thien ................................. 323

Numerical Investigations of N ear-Wall Turbulence Structures Zinedine Khatir . ................................................... 329

Part VII Fluid Structure Coupling and Heat Transfer

Optimization of a Thermal Coupled Flow Problem Gunter Blirwolff ................................................... 337

Stabilization of a Linearized Navier-Stokes Solver for Turbomachinery Aeroelasticity M. Sergio Campobasso, Michael B. Giles . ............................. 343

Diffusive Mass Transfer and Its Effect upon Boundary-Layer Flows lordan A. Halatchev, James P. Denier ............................... 349

Numerical Estimations of Transonic Flutter Calculation with the Fluid/Structure Coupling Method Hiroshi Temshima, Kozo Fujii ...................................... 355

XIV Contents

Flares of Heat in the Near Wake of a Circular Cylinder in Cross Flow Using a Compact Finite-Difference Scheme Salem Bouhairie, Vincent H. Chu ....... ............................. 361

Numerical Analysis of the Airfoil's Fluid-Structure Interaction Problems at Large Mean Incidence Angle Yan Jin, Xin Yuan, Byeong Rog Shin . ................................ 367

Part VIII Incompressible Flows

Application of Two Dimensional Boundary Element Methods to Ship Motion Predictions D.S. Holloway, M.R. Davis . ......................................... 375

The Characteristic-Based-Split Method for 3D Incompressible Flows on Unstructured Grids P. Nithiarasu, J. S. Mathur . ........................................ 381

Spectral Vorticity Method for Computation of Axial and Near-Axial Flow Over Long Circular Cylinders Milton Woods, Max Bull . ........................................... 387

A Robust and Accurate Scheme for Solving Low Speed Flows Meng-Sing Liou . ................................................... 393

Part IX Kinetic Schemes

Implicit Kinetic Schemes for the Euler and the Ideal Magnetohydrodynamics Equations Ramesh K. Agarwal, H.S.R. Reksoprodjo . ............................. 401

3-D KFMG Euler Computations for Unsteady Flows Around Oscillating Geometries R. Krishnamurthy, B.S. Sarma, S.M. Deshpande . ...................... 407

3D Euler Codes Based on Kinetic Upwind Scheme and Their Verification and Validation Using NAL Wind Tunnel Data PS Kulkarni . ...................................................... 413

Part X Large Eddy Simulation

A General Approximate Wall Condition for Large Eddy Simulations P. S. Weng, W. Lo, C. A. Lin ...................................... 421

Contents XV

Large Eddy Simulation of the Purging of Density-Stabilized Basins Michael Kirkpatrick, Steven Armfield . ................................ 427

A Large-Eddy Simulation of Two Side-by-Side Circular Cylinders in Cross Flow Li Chen, Jiyuan Tu ................................................ 433

LES of Turbulent Boundary Layers Wageeh A. El-Askary, Matthias Meinke, Wolfgang Schroder . ............ 439

Part XI Mesh

An Adaptively-Moving-Grid Finite-Volume Scheme with Boundary-Grid Elimination/Addition Kenichi Matsuno . .................................................. 447

An Adaptive Cartesian Mesh Flow Solver Based on the Tree-data with Anisotropic Mesh Refinement Takanobu Ogawa .................................................. 453

A Posteriori Error Determination and Grid Adaptation for AMR and ALE Computational Fluid Dynamics Giovanni Lapenta .................................................. 459

A Posteriori Error Estimates and Adaptive Meshing Applied to Flow in Channels with Corners Pavel Burda, Jaroslav Novotny, Bedfich Sousedz'k ...................... 465

Part XII Mixed Topics

Fingering Instabilities in a Miscible Rotating Hele-Shaw Flow Ching- Yao Chen, Shu- Wei Wang, Yu-Chia Liu ........................ 473

A Composite Explicit-Implicit Godunov Method for Unsteady Problems on Highly Stiff Grids Igor Men'shov, Yoshiaki Nakamura . .................................. 479

Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Stability of the· 3D Flow Between Two Counter-rotating Disks Olivier Daube, Patrick Le Quere, Frederic Moisy, Marc Rabaud . ......... 485

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Oxygen Recombination on Finite Catalytic Surface Tomoe Oda, Yoshiaki Tamura, Tetuya Kawamura . ..................... 491

Finite Spectral Essentially Non-Oscillatory Scheme Hong- Wei Liu, Yun-Feng Liu, Jian-Ping Wang . ....................... 496

XVI Contents

Numerical Studies on the Reaction Zones in a Detonation Wave with a Detailed Chemical Reaction Model Xiang Yu Hu, Boo Cheong Khoo, De Liang Zhang, Zong Lin Jiang . ...... 502

Direct Simulation of Aeolian Tone by the Finite Difference Lattice Boltzmann Method Michihisa Tsutahara, Makoto Kurita, Takeshi Kataoka . ................ 508

Development and Applications of a Coupled CFD/CSD Methodology Using an Embedded CSD Approach Joseph D. Baum, Eric L. Mestreau, Hong Luo, Rainald Lohner, Daniele Pelessone, Charles Charman ........................................ 514

Part XIII Multi-phase Flow

Fix for Solution Errors near Interfaces in Two-Fluid Flow Computations B. Koren, E.H. van Bmmmelen, P. W. Hemker, B. van Leer, M.R. Lewis. 523

Numerical Analysis of Particle Behavior Penetrating into Liquid by Level Set Method Tsuyoshi Oda, Nobuyuki Satofuka, Hidetoshi Nishida .................. 529

ANew Algorithm for Cavitating Flow Simulations Based on the Bubble Dynamics Yoshiaki Tamura, Yoichiro Matsumoto . ............................... 535

Free-Lagrange Simulations of Shock/Bubble Interaction in Shock Wave Lithotripsy Ahmad R. Jamaluddin, Graham J. Ball, Timothy G. Leighton . .......... 541

Effects of Differencing Schemes on Simulation of Dense Gas-Particle Two-Phase Flows S. J. Zhang, P. Zulli, Y. Q. Feng, X. F. Dong, A. B. Yu ................ 547

Numerical Modelling of Multiple Three Dimensional Gas Bubbles Rising in a Quiescent Liquid Using a Volume of Fluid Method Matt Gaston, John Reizes, Geoff Evans . .............................. 553

Numerical Investigation of Flow Instability in a Low-Pressure Subcooled Boiling Channel Y.Z. Li, G. H. Yeoh, J. Y. Tu .. ..................................... 559

Numerical Simulation of Particle Generation in Gas Phase Reactors Rainer Kaiser, Dieter Hanel, Einar Kruis, Roland Vilsmeier ............ 565

Contents XVII

Comparison Between Experimental and Numerical Results of a Mould Filling with Viscous Fluid Jerome Breil, Jean Paul Caltagirone, Eric Giraud, Hideaki Aiso, Tadayasu Takahashi ........................................................ 571

On the Computation of Multi-Material Flows Using ALE Formulation Hong Luo, Joseph D. Baum, Rainald Lohner . ......................... 577

Part XIV Optimisation

Turbomachinery Airfoil Design Optimization Using Differential Evolution Nateri K. Madavan ................................................ 585

Design Optimization of Fluid Dynamic Problems Using Cartesian Grids Andrea Dadone, Bernard Grossman . ................................. 591

Multi-Criteria Aerodynamic Shape Design Problems in CFD Using a Modern Evolutionary Algorithm on Distributed Computers E. Whitney, L. Gonzalez, K. Srinivas, J. Periaux ...................... 597

Comparison of Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation and Simulated Annealing in 'fransonic Airfoil Design Optimization X. Q.Xing and M.Damodaran ........................................ 603

Part XV Supersonic Flows and Shock Waves

Numerical Simulation of Fluctuations in a Shock Tunnel Flow Richard J. Goozee, David R. Buttsworth, Peter A. Jacobs . .............. 611

Numerical Simulations of Sonic Booms in Non-uniform Flows Mohamed HaJez, Essam Wahba ...................................... 617

Computing Jet Screech: A Complex Aeroacoustic Feedback System Ching Y. Loh, Lennart S. Hultgren . .................................. 623

Direct Simulation of 'fransitional Shock Boundary-Layer Interactions at Mach 2 YuJeng Yao, Neil Sandham . ......................................... 629

XVIII Contents

Numerical Simulation of Shock-Interface Interaction With Modified Compact Scheme Fu Dexun, Ma Yanwen ............................................. 635

Direct Molecular Simulation (Monte-Carlo Method) of Weak Mach Shock Reflection D.l. Auld . ........................................................ 641

Part XVI Turbomachinery Flow

Numerical Study of the Flow Around the High-torque Wind Turbine of Vertical Axis Type Tet'uya Kawamura, Yuko Sato ....................................... 649

Numerical Simulation of Steady and Unsteady Turbomachinery Flows Using a Navier-Stokes Solver l. l. Liu ......................................................... 655

Numerical Simulation of Windturbine for Interference Between Rotors and Tower Makoto hda, Chuichi Arakawa . ...................................... 661

Unsteady Flow Simulation of Turbine Stage Francesco Martelli, Elisabetta Belardini, Paolo Adami . ................. 667

A Three-Dimensional Parallel Time-Accurate Turbopump Simulation Procedure Using Overset Grid Systems C. Kiris, W. Chan, D. Kwak ........................................ 673

Part XVII Turbulence

Cycle-resolved Computations of Compressible Vortical Flow in Cylinders of Engines Ken Naitoh, Masash'i Ono, Kunio Kuwahara, Egon Krause . ............. 681

Turbulent Pipe Flow of Non-Newtonian Fluids M. Rudman, H. M. Blackburn ....................................... 687

Some Aspects of Shocklets in Isotropic Compressible Turbulence Fcnggan Zhuang, Xinliang Li ....................................... 693

Contents XIX

Part XVIII Unsteady Flow

Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Viscous Flow Around a Flapping Wing Koji Isogai ........................................................ 701

Validation of Unsteady Turbulent Flow Predictions for Over-expanded Rocket Nozzles Richard Schwane, Lars Torngren, Henry Wong . ....................... 707

Gust Acoustics Computation with a Space-Time CE/SE Parallel 3D Solver XY. Wang1 , A. Himansu2 , S.C. Chanl and P.C.E. Jorgenson4 ......... 713

Unsteady Flow and Noise Characteristics of Wing in Ground Effect at Close Proximity Young J. Moon, Sung-Ryong Koh, Jung-Hee Seo, Yong-Hyun Yoon, Jin-Soo Cho ...................................................... 719

An Accurate and Efficient Technique for Unsteady Viscous Flows in Two Dimensions G. Pascazio, A. Grimaldi, M. Napolitano . ............................ 725

A Second-order-accurate Monotone Implicit Fluctuation Splitting Scheme for Unsteady Problems P. De Palma, G. Pascazio, G. Rossiello, M. Napolitano . ................ 731

Part XIX Vortical Flows

Direct Navier-Stokes Simulation of Acoustic Waves Radiated by Vortex-Body Interaction Nozomu Hatakeyama, Osamu Inoue, Tomohiro Irie .................... 739

Simulation of Streamwise Vortices on Turbulent Hypersonic Ramps He'inrich Diideke, Erich Schiilein ..................................... 745

Numerical Simulation of the Interaction of Two Adjacent Synthetic Jet Actuators Dahai Guo, Andrew W. Cary, Ramesh K. Agarwal . .................... 751

Numerical Investigation of Spiral and Wavy Vortices in Spherical Gaps Li Yuan . ......................................................... 757

XX Contents

Part XX Technical Notes

A Numerical Model of the Dry Spinning Process Joyce M Aitchison . ................................................ 765

Transient Sulfur Dioxide Uptake by an Aerosol Droplet in a Convective Flow Wei-Hsin Chen . ................................................... 767

Parallelism for Simulations of an Entire Shock Tunnel Facility Richard J. Goozee, Peter A. Jacobs . ................................. 769

Numerical Analysis of Transpiration Cooling in Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere at Hypersonic Mach Numbers P.S. Kulkarni, V.N. Kulkarni, B.R. Ravi and K.P.J. Reddy . ............ 771

Numerical Analysis of Unsteady Effects in Two-Phase Nozzles U. Maatje, E. von Lavante .......................................... 773

Numerical Simulation of Three-Dimensional Flow around a Rectangular Cylinder Zhiliang Ou, Liang Cheng . .......................................... 775

Investigation of Flow Conditioning in Pipes G. Moniz Pereira, B. Mickan, E. von Lavante, R. Kramer . ............. 777

A Combined SPH-experimental Systematic Approach to Resonant Free Surface Movements Antonio Souto, Rosario Bravo . ...................................... 779

Development of a Simple 2-D Steady State Model of the Flow from a Precessing Jet Nozzle Elizabeth Smith, Bassam Dally, Graham Nathan . ...................... 781

The Practical Application of Polyhedral Finite Volume Methodology to Problems with Large Scale Discrepancies Ron Cresswell, Paul Croaker ........................................ 783

Transition of Strouhal Frequency Associated with Drag and Lift across Pitch to Diameter Ratio 1.8 of Square-Pitched Cylinder Array in Cross Flow Hisashi Hishida, Takashi Adachi, Hirotoshi Hishida .................... 785

Investigation of Scalar Transport Closures Using DNS Anthony Keating, Matthew Bilson, Klaus Bremhorst, Srdjan Nesic ....... 787

Implementation of Multiple Mapping Conditioning for Single Conserved Scalar

Contents XXI

Andrew P. Wandel, Nigel S.A. Smith, A. Y. Klimenko .................. 789

Micro-VOF: An Improved Free Surface Tracking Algorithm for Unsteady Free Surface Flow Problems J.R. Whelan, M.R. Davis, D.S. Holloway . ............................ 791

Performance of Geometry-Independent Second-Moment Closures in Application to Recirculating Flows Sergey N. Yakovenko, C.H. Hsu, K.C. Chang .......... ................ 793

Difference Approximation on Non-Uniform Mesh and Applications Ma Yanwen, Fu Dexun ............................................. 795

Thermal Layer Instability in a Shallow Wedge Subject to Solar Radiation Chengwang Lei, John C. Patterson, Duncan E. Farrow . ................ 797

Turbulence Modeling Using Artificial Compressibility with Implicit LU-SGS Method Lee Thong See, Liao Wei, Low Hong Tong . ........................... 799

A Stable Numerical Method for the Time Dependent Navier­Stokes Equations and Its Application in Street Canyon Flows Jiyang Xia, Dennis Y. C. Leung . ..................................... 801

A Finite Volume Least-Squares Method Darryl Whitlow, Jean-Jacques Chattot ................................ 803

Development of A 3-D Laminar Compressible Navier-Stokes Solver R. Balasubramanian, N. Balakrishnan ................................ 805

Energy Methods for Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulation Penelope Leyland, Bernd Hagenah" Volker Carstens . ................... 807

CFD Modelling of Vehicle A-Pillar Aerodynamics Nurul M. Murad, Jamal Naser, Firoz Alam, Simon Watkins . ............ 809

An Unsplit Relaxation Scheme for Hyperbolic Conservation Laws S. V. Raghurama Rao, Sachin Khosla ................................ 811

A Computational Study of Combustion of Pulverised Coal and Softwood Blends Chatphol Meesri, Behdad Moghtaderi ................................. 813

XXII Contents

Numerical Simulations of Aortic Flow Problems Based on A Parallelized Artificial Compressibility Solver Yang- Yao Niu, Wei-Kuang Chu, Shou-Cheng Tcheng, Lung-Cheng Lee, Hsi- Yu Yu ........................................................ 815

Multi-block Grid with Overlapping for Implicit Parallel Computation of Flow Field within Turbomachinery Zhirong Lin, Xin Yuan . ............................................ 817

Numerical Investigation of Oscillating Flow around a Circular Cylinder Lee Woon Chew Liang Cheng and Bing Chen . ....................... 819

A Tw~ Dimensional CFD Code for Teaching H. Sidd-ique, 1. Naser . .............................................. 821

Evolutionary Algorithms, Game Theory and Hierarchical Models in CFD 1. Prir·iaux, M. Sefrioui, E. 1. Whitney, L. Gonzalez, K. Srinivas, 1. Wang 823

Index ............................................................ 837