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Computed Tomography. Contrast-enhanced helical CT of the thorax and abdomen that includes the liver and adrenal glands is the standard radiologic investigation for staging lung cancers. Detects mediastinal nodal metastases , chest wall and mediastinal invasion . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Computed Tomography
•Contrast-enhanced helical CT of the thorax and abdomen that includes the liver and adrenal glands is the standard radiologic investigation for staging lung
cancers .•Detects mediastinal nodal metastases , chest wall
and mediastinal invasion.•Specific features in lung nodules may be diagnostic,
e.g. calcifications, fat, enhancement pattern.
Radiological characteristics by cell type
Adenocarcinoma
•Represents 35-40% of all lung cancers.
•usually occurs in a peripheral location within
the lung and measure <4 cm in diameter.
• Only 4% show cavitation •Hilar or hilar and
mediastinal involvement is seen in 51% of cases on
chest radiography
Bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma •Is a subtype of adenocarcinoma .•Accounts for 5% of bronchogenic CA .•Increased incidence in patients with interstitial
lung disease, parenchymal scaring, and exogenous lipoid pneumonia.
•May manifest as a solitary nodule, multifocal disease, or a rapidly progressing pneumonia.
•Voluminous watery sputum is characteristic .
Squamous cell carcinoma•Accounts for 25-30% of all
lung cancers.•Strong association with
cigarette smoking .•Often centrally located
within the lung. •Cavitation is seen in up to
82%.•Commonly causes lung
collapse due to their central location.