Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Computer Assisted Language
Learning: Where are we now
and where are we going?
Graham Davies
June 2005 Coleraine 2
The early years
1960s: Big mainframe computers1970s: Enter the microcomputer1980s: The microcomputer boom1980s: CALICO & EUROCALL
established1990s: Advent of the WebHistory of CALL:
http://www.history-of-call.org
June 2005 Coleraine 3
A bewildering array of technology (1)
radiomovie projectorgramophone / record playertelevision (terrestrial)tape recorderlanguage lab
June 2005 Coleraine 4
A bewildering array of technology (2)
videocassette recorder (VCR)computeraudio CD playersatellite televisionvideodisc playerCD-ROMs
June 2005 Coleraine 5
A bewildering array of technology (3)
the InternetDVD-ROMsDVD playermobile phonepersonal digital assistant (PDA)iPod and similar devices
June 2005 Coleraine 6
Lessons from the past
Don’t regard technology as the
panacea
Don’t neglect training in using new
technologies
Open up to new ideas
June 2005 Coleraine 7
ICT myths
Saves timeSaves moneySaves staffIt’s a more effective way of learning
E-learning has become the buzzword - but is widely misunderstood
June 2005 Coleraine 8
The Web
EUROCALL 93, Hull: no Web
EUROCALL 94, Karlsruhe: some Web
EUROCALL 95, Valencia: more Web
Now: Nothing but the Web!
June 2005 Coleraine 9
Training: No. 1 priority
ICT for Language Teachers (ICT4LT):
http://www.ict4lt.org
EC-funded project
16 training modules
June 2005 Coleraine 10
Loads of government money (1)
DfES:http://www.dfes.gov.uk/languages
Curriculum Online:
http://www.curriculumonline.gov.uk
BECTA:
http://www.becta.org.uk
June 2005 Coleraine 11
Loads of government money (2)
ICT Advice:http://www.ictadvice.org.uk
CILT:http://www.cilt.org.uk
Languages ICT:http://www.languages-ict.org.uk
June 2005 Coleraine 12
CALL typology (1)
Davies & Higgins (1982 & 1985)Gap-filling exercisesMultiple-choice exercisesFree-format exercisesRe-ordering exercisesSimulations & adventuresAction mazes
June 2005 Coleraine 13
CALL typology (2)
GamesTotal Cloze: text reconstructionExploratory programsWriting – word-processing
See ICT4LT Module 1.4
June 2005 Coleraine 14
Phases of CALL (1)
Warschauer (1996)BehaviouristicCommunicativeIntegrative
Multimedia The Internet
See ICT4LT Module 1.4
June 2005 Coleraine 15
Phases of CALL (2)
Levy (1997)
Data Driven Learning was the only new
approach to language teaching that was
cited by survey respondents as a direct result
of the attributes of the computer. In other
words, this approach has been conceived
with the computer in mind.
June 2005 Coleraine 16
Phases of CALL (3)
Bax (2003)
Restricted
Open
Integrated
- process of normalisation
See ICT4LT Module 1.4
June 2005 Coleraine 17
Methodology (1)
Hewer S. (2000)
CALL methodology: integrating CALL into
study programmes, ICT4LT, Module 2.1:
http://www.ict4lt.org
June 2005 Coleraine 18
Methodology (2)
King L. (2003)
Improving the quality of language
learning in schools: approaches to
teaching and learning, London: CILT:
http://www.cilt.org.uk/key/approaches.h
tm
June 2005 Coleraine 19
Methodology (3)
Decoo W. (2001)
On the mortality of language learning methods.
Paper given as the James L. Barker lecture
at Brigham Young University:
http://www.didascalia.be/mortality.htm
June 2005 Coleraine 20
Decoo (1)
Traditional approach: Grammar-translation, learning vocab lists
60s: Communicative approach
70s: Authentic input, direct communication
80s and 90s: Direct Method
June 2005 Coleraine 21
Decoo (2)
1930s: Reading Method1940s: US Army Method1950s: Audio-Lingual Method (New Key)1960s: SGAV1970s: CEF: Functional-Notional Model1980s: Communicative Approach1990s and early 21c: Constructivism
June 2005 Coleraine 22
Attitudes to methodology (1)
Littlemore J. (2002)
Setting up a course in ICT for Language
Teachers: some essential considerations,
CALL-EJ Online 4, 1:
http://www.tell.is.ritsumei.ac.jp/
callejonline/journal/4-1/littlemore.html
June 2005 Coleraine 23
Attitudes to methodology (2)
Davies G., Bangs P., Frisby R. & Walton E.
(2005) Setting up effective digital
language laboratories and multimedia ICT
suites for MFL, London: CILT:
http://www.languages-ict.org.uk/
info/digital_language_labs.pdf
June 2005 Coleraine 24
Where are we heading?
Sam Goldwyn:
I never prophesy – especially about the future.
June 2005 Coleraine 25
Historic blunders
TelephoneRadioComputer
June 2005 Coleraine 26
June 2005 Coleraine 27
June 2005 Coleraine 28
Whither technology?
Expansion of online learningHuman Language Technologies
See ICT4LT Module 3.5 Podcasting: Partners in Excellence
(Scotland):http://www.pie.org.uk
June 2005 Coleraine 29
Whither methodology?
Three C’sCommunication
Cooperation
Constructivism
But see Decoo (2003)
June 2005 Coleraine 30
Normalisation
Email: Keeping in touch with friendsOnline shoppingChecking train timetablesBooking flight ticketsMaking hotel reservationsChecking on the weatherEtc...
