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History of Computers

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Wilhelm Schickhard (1623)

the machine for calculating astronomical tables.

The machine could add and subtract six-digit numbers, and indicated an overflow of this capacity by ringing a bell.

not programmable

Astronomer & mathematician

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Blaise Pascal (1642)

The second mechanical calculator “Pascaline”

A decimal machine

Mathematician & Physicist

Pascaline

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Charles Babbage (1822)

Father of modern computer who originated the idea of a programmable computer

Punch cards wanted more accuracy in calculations

Mathematician, philosopher, mechanical engineer, computer scientist

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Charles Babbage (1822)Mathematician, philosopher, mechanical engineer, computer scientist

The London Science Museum's replica difference engine, built from Babbage's design.

The design has the same precision on all columns, but when calculating converging polynomials, the precision on the higher-order columns could be lower.

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Herman Hollerith (1889)Statistician

developed a mechanical tabulator based on punched cards to rapidly tabulate statistics from millions of pieces of data.

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Konrad Zuse (1938)

Built first working mechanical computer, the Z1

Engineer & Computer pioneer

Konrad Zuse in 1992

Built first working mechanical computer, the Z1

Binary machine German government

decided not to pursue development -- W.W.II already started

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ENIAC (1943)Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer

Designed by Mauchly and Echert of the University of Pennsylvania

The first electronic computer BIG!

18,000 tubes 70,000 resistors 10,000 capacitors 6,000 switches 30 x 50 feet 30 tons 140 kW of power Decimal number system used Programmed by manually setting swit

ches 5,000 additions per second

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ENIAC (1943)Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer

Detail of the back of a section of ENIAC, showing vacuum tubes.

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Took idea of ENIAC and developed concept of storing a program in the memory

This architecture came to be known as the “Von Neumann” architecture

Von Neumann & Goldstine

John Von Neumann(1903-1957)

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Generations of Electronic Devices

Vacuum tube - 1946-1957 Transistor - 1958-1964 Small scale integration - 1965 on

Up to 100 devices on a chip Medium scale integration - to 1971

100-3,000 devices on a chip Large scale integration - 1971-1977

3,000 - 100,000 devices on a chip Very large scale integration - 1978 to date

100,000 - 100,000,000 devices on a chip Ultra large scale integration

Over 100,000,000 devices on a chip