Concepts of Personality Development

Prepared by MSN ,RN .Tarek Qawasmeh

Introduction

Personality defined “enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and

thinking about the environment and oneself that are exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contexts.”

Introduction (cont)

People continue to develop and change throughout life, thereby suggesting the possibility for renewal and growth in adults.

Introduction (cont)

Stages are identified by age. However, personality is influenced by temperament (inborn personality characteristics) and the environment.

It is possible for behaviors from an unsuccessfully completed stage to be modified and corrected in a later stage.

Introduction (cont)

Stages overlap, and individuals may be working on tasks from more than one stage at a time.

Individuals may become fixed in a certain stage and remain developmentally delayed.

Review of Major Theories

Review the theorists from Psychology classes Freud-Psychosocial Sullivan-Interpersonal Erikson-Psychosocial

1.Psychoanalytic Theory ––Freud

Freud believed basic character was formed by age 5 years

He organized the structure of the personality into three major components:IdEgoSuperego

Psychoanalytic Theory ––Freud (cont.)

Dynamics of the personalityPsychic energyCathexisAnticathexis

Topography of the MindThe consciousThe preconsciousThe unconscious

Psychoanalytic Theory ––Freud (cont.)

Development of the personalityOral stage (birth to 18 months)Anal stage (18 months to 3 years)Phallic stage (3 –6 years)Latency stage (6 –12 years)Genital stage (13 –20 years)

Psychoanalytic Theory Freud (cont.) – Relevance to nursing practice

Being able to recognize behaviors associated with the id, ego, and superego will assist in the assessment of clients ’developmental level.

Understanding the use of ego-defense mechanisms is important in making determinations about maladaptive behaviors and in planning care for clients to assist in creating change.

Interpersonal Theory Sullivan – Based on the belief that individual

behavior and personality development are the direct result of interpersonal relationships

Major concepts of this theory Anxiety *good me Satisfaction of needs * bad me Interpersonal security *not meSelf-system

Interpersonal Theory Sullivan (cont.) –

Stages of developmentInfancy (birth -18 months)Childhood (18 months –6 years)Juvenile (6 -9 years)Preadolescence (9 –12 years)Early adolescence (12 –14 years)Late adolescence (14 –21 years)

Interpersonal Theory ––Sullivan (cont.)(cont.)

Relevance to nursing practice Relationship development is a major

psychiatric nursing intervention. Knowledge about the behaviors associated with all levels of anxiety and methods for alleviating anxiety help nurses assist clients in achieving interpersonal security and a sense of well-being.

Theory of Psychosocial Development Erikson –

Based on the influence of social processes on the development of the personality

Erikson identified eight stages of development and the major tasks associated with each

Theory of Psychosocial Development Erikson (cont.) –

Trust vs Mistrust (birth -18 months)Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (18 months

–3 years)Initiative vs Guilt (3 -6 years)Industry vs Inferiority (6 -12 years)Identity vs Role Confusion (12 -20 years)Intimacy vs Isolation (20 -30 years)Generativity vs Stagnation (30 -65 years)Ego Integrity vs Despair (65 years -death)

Theory of Psychosocial Development Erikson (cont.) –

Relevance to nursing practice Many individuals with mental health

problems are still struggling to achieve tasks from a number of developmental stages. Nurses can plan care to assist these individuals to fulfill these tasks and move on to a higher developmental level.

Interpersonal Theory by Peplau

Mother of Psychiatric NursingInterpersonal process with a focus on

problem solvingFocuses on empathy and compassion

MATCH: Trust, Mistrust, Autonomy, Shame and Doubt; Guilt: Industry; Initiative; Inferiority; Identity; Role Confusion; Intimacy: Isolation; Stagnation; Generatively; Integrity; Despair Integrity; Despair1

1. “I don’t like people. I’d rather be alone.”2. “Get away from me with that medicine. I know you are trying to

poison me!”3. “I feel good about my life. I have a lot to be thankful for.”4. Five-year-old girl believes she is the cause of her parents’divorce.5.Sure, I will lend you $5. next pay “Sure, I’ll loan you $10 till your

next payday.”6. “I don’t know what I want to do with my life. College? Work? What

kind of job would I get anyway?”7. “Mommy! Mommy! I made all A’s on my report card!”8. Inferiority “I’ll have to ask my husband. He’s the decision maker in

our family.”9. Identity“When I graduate from college I want to work with

handicapped children.”