ConfucianismWang Xiuqi

1M171141-3

Confucius (551–479 B.C.)

At different times in Chinese history, Confucius has been portrayed as a teacher, advisor, editor, philosopher, reformer, and prophet.

Confucius died in 479 B.C. Many years after his death, his followers wrote down Confucius’ teachings in a book called the Analects (most of what we know about Confucius comes from this source) and a new school of thought developed—Confucianism. This philosophy deeply influenced China throughout most of its history.

Five classics1. Book of Changes (易经)

2. Book of History (尚书)

3. Book of Poetry (诗经)

4. Book of Rituals (礼记)

5. Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋)

Confucius said：“Learning without thinking is useless. Thinking without learning is dangerous.”

⼦⽈：“学⽽不思则罔，思⽽不学则殆”

While his parents are alive, the son may not go abroad to a distance. If he does go abroad, he must have a fixed place to which he goes.

⼦⽈：“⽗⺟在，不远游，游必有⽅”

《Analects》

SOCIAL EVOLUTION IN JAPAN Page 665

Someone said," To requite resentment with kindness, what do you think of that? " The Master said, "With what then will you requite kindness? Requite resentment with justice; requite kindness with kindness."

“或⽈：‘以德报怨，何如？’⼦⽈：'何以报德？以直报怨，以德报德。’”

12 groups of beliefs in Confucianism

• Ren(仁） - benevolence, humanness towards one another (the most important Confucianism virtue)

• Yi （义）- Righteousness

• Li （礼）- includes ritual, propriety, etiquette

• Zhi (智）-wisdom

• Xin （信）- Honesty and Trustworthiness

• Chung（忠） - Loyalty

• Hsiao （孝）- love of children for their parents

• Ti（悌）-respect of brothers

• Jie（节）-moral integrity

• Shu（恕）-“What you do not want done to yourself，do not do to others。”

• Yong（勇）-Brave and decisive

• Rang（让）-polite and modest

the development of Confucianism in China

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period

Qin Dynasty

Han Dynasty

Confucianism, Daoism, Mohism and Legalism.

Crack down

The Official thought system

Song Dynasty Daoism and Buddhism, a religion originating in India, were gaining popularity over Confucianism

Yuan Dynasty made Zhu Xi ’s own interpretations of Confucianism mandatory reading for the civil service exams

Qing Dynasty 1905 Abandon the exams

Japan Confucianismfirst introduced to Japan via Korea in the year 285 AD

Japan’s formative years, Prince Shotoku Taishi enacted a 17-Article Constitution that established Confucianist ideals and Buddhist ethics as the moral foundations of the young Japanese nation.

During the Edo Period (1603-1867), Neo-Confucianism was the most important philosophy in the Tokugawa government and education.

https://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/japanese-confucianism.html#josetsu

https://wenjunior.com/8-most-famous-confucius-quotes-in-english-and-chinese/ https://confucianismbmhs.weebly.com/beliefs--practices.html

https://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-24-2-c-the-development-of-confucianism-in-ancient-china

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/confucius/#SourForConfLifeThou

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Books_and_Five_Classics

https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/confucianism/

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/japanese-confucian/#IntrConfJapaEarlDeve

https://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/japanese-confucianism.html#josetsu