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Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

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Page 1: Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

Congestion ChargingLondon

Sarah GreenCongestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement

Transport for London

Page 2: Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

Contents

• Congestion Charging

– Scheme background

– Operation and enforcement

– Impacts of the scheme

– Scheme costs

– Re-Let

– Lessons Learnt

Page 3: Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

Central London Congestion Charging Zone

Page 4: Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

Central London Congestion Charging Zone

Page 5: Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

The Central London Scheme

• 40% of England’s congestion is in London

• Central London was the most congested area with average all day speeds of less than 9mph

• Despite 85% public transport usage, vehicular traffic was still a major problem in Central London

• The congestion persisted throughout the day – it was not a ‘peak’ commuter problem

• To tackle this and using the most reliable technology available at the time, an area charging scheme covering the whole working day was developed

Page 6: Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

Charge payment

• Daily, weekly, monthly or annual payment for individual vehicle registration number

• Flat charge of £8 per day (was £5 until July 2005) until midnight

• Monday – Friday, 7am – 6pm (was 6.30pm until February 2007)

• Pay Next Day introduced 19 June 2006

Page 7: Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

Charge transactions by channel

Page 8: Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

Exempt and 100% discount currently account for c.30% of the total daily traffic of 180,000

Key exemptions and discounts

• Buses, coaches and minibuses

• Taxis and licensed minicabs

• Motorbikes / mopeds

• Military vehicles

• Emergency services

• Disabled persons

• Certain alternative fuel vehicles

• Breakdown and recovery vehicles

• Certain health service workers

• 90% discount for residents of zone

Page 9: Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

Number of active discount holders by type

Page 10: Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

Enforcement process

• If a valid payment is not received for correct vehicle for the correct date of travel then the Enforcement process commences

• Cameras are located on all routes into and out of the zone as well as many sites within the zone

• Signs are placed at every entry and exit point and up to 17 miles away on main arteries into London

• A comprehensive network of road markings exist on the boundaries of and within the zone

Page 11: Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

Detecting vehicles

Cameras in London

Stockholm 2006

TfL testing site Borough High St

Page 12: Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

Enforcement numbers

• Vehicle registration numbers observed by 1,360 cameras at 348 sites, located both on boundary and locations within the zone

• 1.45 million images are captured and processed every charging day - cameras linked to automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) technology

• Opportunity to make representation to TfL and appeal to an independent adjudicator

Page 13: Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

ABC 123

ABC 123

ABC 123

ABC 123

ABC 123

65%

62%

92%

84%

41%

During the day the system constantly checks new images/ interpretations against those already stored

By the end of the day only the best, highest quality images and interpretation progresses through to the next stage of the enforcement process

ABC 123

Vehicle number plate processing

Page 14: Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

Lists of number plates sent using DVLA WEE batch by

2am the second working day after the end of the charging

day

DVLA

Name and address of

keeper,VRM, and make,

model and colour of vehicle

Details returned to TfL by 7am next

morning

Enforcement processing

TfL

Page 15: Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

PCN issue and post checking

• Images and key data for every possible Penalty Charge is manually checked before issue

• Number plate, Make and Model of vehicle advised by DVLA matched against image

• Any “mismatch” rejected for further investigation or deletion

Page 16: Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

Traffic impacts of Congestion Charging

Central zone

• 21% reduction in traffic (4 or more wheels) entering the zone – has remained constant

• 70,000 fewer vehicles per day

• Bus patronage up, bus services performing better

• Little change in trips to central area with 50-60% moving to public transport

Western extension

• 14% reduction in traffic entering extension

• 30,000 fewer vehicles per day

• Increase in bus passengers

Page 17: Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

Average daily traffic entering charging zoneDuring charging hours (07.00-18.00)

Normally Charge Paying Normally Non-Charge Paying

Page 18: Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

Average daily traffic entering charging zoneDuring charging hours (07.00-18.00)

Normally Charge Paying Normally Non-Charge Paying

In 2002, before Congestion Charging began, there was an average of 185,000 cars entering the charging zone every charging day

Page 19: Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

Average daily traffic entering charging zoneDuring charging hours (07.00-18.00)

Normally Charge Paying Normally Non-Charge Paying

In 2003, after charging was introduced, this fell to an average of 124,000 cars entering the charging zone every day

Page 20: Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

Average daily traffic entering charging zone During charging hours (07.00-18.00)

Normally Charge Paying Normally Non-Charge Paying

Since then the traffic volumes have been largely unchanged, with little difference caused by the shift from £5 to £8 in 2005

The decrease in cars between 2002 and 2007 is some 36%

Page 21: Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

Average daily traffic entering charging zone During charging hours (07.00-18.00)

Normally Charge Paying Normally Non-Charge Paying

Similarly there has been a 13% fall in vans and 7% fall in lorries entering central London since the introduction of Congestion Charging

Page 22: Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

Average daily traffic entering charging zone During charging hours (07.00-18.00)

Normally Charge Paying Normally Non-Charge Paying

In comparison vehicles types that would not normally pay the charge have remained broadly stable or increased – with buses up 31% and bicycles up 66% between 2002 and 2007

Page 23: Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

Average daily traffic entering charging zoneDuring charging hours (07.00-18.00)

Normally Charge Paying Normally Non-Charge Paying

Congestion Charging led to a dramatic and immediate reduction in the volumes of traffic in central London – and profoundly changed the pattern of vehicles seen

Five years on the effects of Congestion Charging on traffic are as significant as they were when the scheme was first introduced

Page 24: Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

Congestion

• Congestion in central zone was initially down, but has gradually increased despite reduced traffic levels:– 2003: 30% down– 2005: 21% down– 2006: 8% down– 2007: no change

• In early months of the WEZ, significant congestion reductions, but recent results show congestion now similar to pre-extension levels

• Traffic levels still reduced - increased congestion due to decreased effective capacity as a result of road works and road space allocation to improve conditions for other users

Page 25: Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

So why has congestion returned?

• Reflects a reduction in effective capacity of road network for general traffic– Urban realm improvement

schemes (e.g. Trafalgar Square)

– Pedestrian, cyclist and bus priority measures

– Increased road works by utilities (particularly water mains) and major developments (e.g. Scotch House Corner development in WEZ)

• Important to balance priorities – activity being undertaken to address congestion levels

Page 26: Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

Revenues

• Net revenues by law must be spent on transport

• Raised total of £268m in 2007/8– Scheme costs totalled £131m– Net revenues therefore £137m

• Allocation of 2007/08 revenues was – £112m - Bus improvements– £13m - Roads and bridges– £4m - Road safety– £4m - Walking and Cycling– £2m - Borough plans– £2m - Environment

Page 27: Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

Western Extension Consultation

• Mayor asked TfL to seek Londoners' views on the future of the Western Extension (WEZ)

• The consultation outlined three options:– Keep WEZ as it is – Remove the WEZ– Change the WEZ

• Consultation finished on 5 October and results were strongly in favour of scrapping the Western Extension

Page 28: Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

Re-Let

• Contract with existing provider, Capita, ends in October 2009

• Went through a Competitive Dialogue process seeking a company or consortium to deliver – Technology– Customer services– Enforcement

• Re-Let provides an excellent opportunity to– Make use of new technology to deliver the scheme – Reduce costs– Introduce further customer improvements

• TfL announced in October 2007 that IBM UK Ltd had been selected as the successful bidder

Page 29: Congestion Charging London Sarah Green Congestion Charging and Traffic Enforcement Transport for London

Lessons Learnt from Congestion Charging

• Political commitment key

• Effective research and clear policy objectives

• Extensive public consultation and stakeholder engagement

• Strong project management

• Need for effective contract management

• Adequate public transport alternatives

• Effective traffic management

• Strong public information campaign

• Need for ongoing customer and impacts monitoring, stakeholder engagement and scheme improvements