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CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND

CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND. THE ENGLISH EXCEPTION Successful centralization without absolutism Strong, centralized government Parliamentary, aristocratic

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Page 1: CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND. THE ENGLISH EXCEPTION  Successful centralization without absolutism  Strong, centralized government  Parliamentary, aristocratic

CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND

Page 2: CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND. THE ENGLISH EXCEPTION  Successful centralization without absolutism  Strong, centralized government  Parliamentary, aristocratic

CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND

THE ENGLISH EXCEPTION

Successful centralization without absolutism

Strong, centralized government

Parliamentary, aristocratic control

Resolution of religious & political conflict through bloody civil war

Page 3: CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND. THE ENGLISH EXCEPTION  Successful centralization without absolutism  Strong, centralized government  Parliamentary, aristocratic

CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND

17TH CENTURY TURMOIL

James I (r. 1601-1625)

Royal absolutist

Increasingly at odds with Parliament

Page 4: CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND. THE ENGLISH EXCEPTION  Successful centralization without absolutism  Strong, centralized government  Parliamentary, aristocratic

CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND

17TH CENTURY TURMOIL

Charles I (r. 1625-1649)

Increasing demands for money to pay for wars

Increasing antagonism with Parliament

Page 5: CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND. THE ENGLISH EXCEPTION  Successful centralization without absolutism  Strong, centralized government  Parliamentary, aristocratic

CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND

17TH CENTURY TURMOIL

Parliament’s increasing concerns

Many Puritan members

Resisted increasing authority of monarch

Resisted increasing taxation

Page 6: CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND. THE ENGLISH EXCEPTION  Successful centralization without absolutism  Strong, centralized government  Parliamentary, aristocratic

CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND

17TH CENTURY TURMOIL

Charles I (r. 1625-1649)

Ruled without Parliament for 11 years

Imposed illegal taxes

Page 7: CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND. THE ENGLISH EXCEPTION  Successful centralization without absolutism  Strong, centralized government  Parliamentary, aristocratic

CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND

17TH CENTURY TURMOIL

Scottish Rebellion - 1639

Charles needs money from Parliament

Forced into major concessions

• abolition of Star Chamber & High Commission

Page 8: CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND. THE ENGLISH EXCEPTION  Successful centralization without absolutism  Strong, centralized government  Parliamentary, aristocratic

CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND

17TH CENTURY TURMOIL

Civil War -1642

King’s forces v. “Roundheads”

Roundheads led by Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658)

Cromwell’s forces defeated king’s, 1645

Page 9: CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND. THE ENGLISH EXCEPTION  Successful centralization without absolutism  Strong, centralized government  Parliamentary, aristocratic

CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND

17TH CENTURY TURMOIL

King rallied in 1647, but defeated again in 1648

Cromwell pressed for execution of Charles I Drove opposition out of Parliament

Executed Charles I, 1649

Page 10: CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND. THE ENGLISH EXCEPTION  Successful centralization without absolutism  Strong, centralized government  Parliamentary, aristocratic

CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND

17TH CENTURY TURMOIL

Cromwell’s Republic

Problems in Ireland & Scotland

Opposition in England

Dissolved Parliament, 1653 & declared himself Lord Protector

Cromwell subduing Irish revolt, 1649

Died in 1658, son becomes Lord Protector

Page 11: CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND. THE ENGLISH EXCEPTION  Successful centralization without absolutism  Strong, centralized government  Parliamentary, aristocratic

CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND

THE RESTORATION

Charles II (r. 1660-1685)

Restored monarchy, Parliament, Anglican Church

Parliament passed far-reaching legislation

Sympathy for Catholics raised suspicions

• Test Act

Page 12: CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND. THE ENGLISH EXCEPTION  Successful centralization without absolutism  Strong, centralized government  Parliamentary, aristocratic

CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND

CONTINUED TROUBLES

James II (r. 1685-1688)

Whigs: opposed king

Tories: supported king

James soon antagonized both groups

Page 13: CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND. THE ENGLISH EXCEPTION  Successful centralization without absolutism  Strong, centralized government  Parliamentary, aristocratic

CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND

THE “GLORIOUS REVOLUTION”

Invite William of Orange & Mary to rule, on certain conditions

Bill of Rights - 1689

Toleration Act – 1698

United opposition to James II

Act of Settlement - 1701

Established rule of aristocracy

WILLIAM & MARY (r. 1689-1702)