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CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND

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THE ENGLISH EXCEPTION Successful centralization without absolutism Strong, centralized government Parliamentary, aristocratic control Resolution of religious & political conflict through bloody civil war

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CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND 17 TH CENTURY TURMOIL James I (r. 1601-1625) Royal absolutist Increasingly at odds with Parliament

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CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND 17 TH CENTURY TURMOIL Charles I (r. 1625-1649) Increasing demands for money to pay for wars Increasing antagonism with Parliament

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CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND 17 TH CENTURY TURMOIL Parliaments increasing concerns Many Puritan members Resisted increasing authority of monarch Resisted increasing taxation

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CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND 17 TH CENTURY TURMOIL Charles I (r. 1625-1649) Ruled without Parliament for 11 years Imposed illegal taxes

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CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND 17 TH CENTURY TURMOIL Scottish Rebellion - 1639 Charles needs money from Parliament Forced into major concessions abolition of Star Chamber & High Commission

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CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND 17 TH CENTURY TURMOIL Civil War -1642 Kings forces v. Roundheads Roundheads led by Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) Cromwells forces defeated kings, 1645

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CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND 17 TH CENTURY TURMOIL King rallied in 1647, but defeated again in 1648 Cromwell pressed for execution of Charles I Drove opposition out of Parliament Executed Charles I, 1649

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CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND 17 TH CENTURY TURMOIL Cromwells Republic Problems in Ireland & Scotland Opposition in England Dissolved Parliament, 1653 & declared himself Lord Protector Cromwell subduing Irish revolt, 1649 Died in 1658, son becomes Lord Protector

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CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND THE RESTORATION Charles II (r. 1660-1685) Restored monarchy, Parliament, Anglican Church Parliament passed far- reaching legislation Sympathy for Catholics raised suspicions Test Act

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CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND CONTINUED TROUBLES James II (r. 1685-1688) Whigs: opposed king Tories: supported king James soon antagonized both groups

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CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION Invite William of Orange & Mary to rule, on certain conditions Bill of Rights - 1689 Toleration Act 1698 United opposition to James II Act of Settlement - 1701 Established rule of aristocracy WILLIAM & MARY (r. 1689-1702)