Upload
victor-lester
View
219
Download
3
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND
CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND
THE ENGLISH EXCEPTION
Successful centralization without absolutism
Strong, centralized government
Parliamentary, aristocratic control
Resolution of religious & political conflict through bloody civil war
CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND
17TH CENTURY TURMOIL
James I (r. 1601-1625)
Royal absolutist
Increasingly at odds with Parliament
CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND
17TH CENTURY TURMOIL
Charles I (r. 1625-1649)
Increasing demands for money to pay for wars
Increasing antagonism with Parliament
CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND
17TH CENTURY TURMOIL
Parliament’s increasing concerns
Many Puritan members
Resisted increasing authority of monarch
Resisted increasing taxation
CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND
17TH CENTURY TURMOIL
Charles I (r. 1625-1649)
Ruled without Parliament for 11 years
Imposed illegal taxes
CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND
17TH CENTURY TURMOIL
Scottish Rebellion - 1639
Charles needs money from Parliament
Forced into major concessions
• abolition of Star Chamber & High Commission
CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND
17TH CENTURY TURMOIL
Civil War -1642
King’s forces v. “Roundheads”
Roundheads led by Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658)
Cromwell’s forces defeated king’s, 1645
CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND
17TH CENTURY TURMOIL
King rallied in 1647, but defeated again in 1648
Cromwell pressed for execution of Charles I Drove opposition out of Parliament
Executed Charles I, 1649
CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND
17TH CENTURY TURMOIL
Cromwell’s Republic
Problems in Ireland & Scotland
Opposition in England
Dissolved Parliament, 1653 & declared himself Lord Protector
Cromwell subduing Irish revolt, 1649
Died in 1658, son becomes Lord Protector
CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND
THE RESTORATION
Charles II (r. 1660-1685)
Restored monarchy, Parliament, Anglican Church
Parliament passed far-reaching legislation
Sympathy for Catholics raised suspicions
• Test Act
CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND
CONTINUED TROUBLES
James II (r. 1685-1688)
Whigs: opposed king
Tories: supported king
James soon antagonized both groups
CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND
THE “GLORIOUS REVOLUTION”
Invite William of Orange & Mary to rule, on certain conditions
Bill of Rights - 1689
Toleration Act – 1698
United opposition to James II
Act of Settlement - 1701
Established rule of aristocracy
WILLIAM & MARY (r. 1689-1702)