Construction Construction SurveyingSurveying

using GPS and Roboticsusing GPS and Robotics

By: By: Milton DennyMilton DennyCopyright Jan. 2009 Copyright Jan. 2009 ©©

What is Different About Construction Surveying?What is Different About

Construction Surveying?

Increased Liability

Starting the Project

Dependence on Plans by Others

Difficult Site Conditions

Safety Considerations

Special Contracts

Increased Liability

Starting the Project

Dependence on Plans by Others

Difficult Site Conditions

Safety Considerations

Special Contracts

Project ManagementProject ManagementProject ManagementMust Have ContractsTimely Collection of AccountsNegotiate The Right FeeCompare Final Product With ScopeMonitor Every ProjectScope “Creep”Use Deadlines To Control Cost

Must Have ContractsMust Have ContractsTimely Collection of AccountsTimely Collection of AccountsNegotiate The Right FeeNegotiate The Right FeeCompare Final Product With ScopeCompare Final Product With ScopeMonitor Every ProjectMonitor Every ProjectScope Scope ““CreepCreep””Use Deadlines To Control CostUse Deadlines To Control Cost

Estimating A JobLoan Plats - Minimum Technical Standards

Boundary Survey -Lump Sum, Cost Per Acre, Cost Per Foot, Hourly Rate

Per Cent of Value

Topographic Survey -Per Acre, Economies of Scale, Contour Interval

Data Collectors

ALTA Surveys -Increased Liability?, Flood Maps, Special Certificate

Estimating A JobLoan Plats - Minimum Technical Standards

Boundary Survey -Lump Sum, Cost Per Acre, Cost Per Foot, Hourly Rate

Per Cent of Value

Topographic Survey -Per Acre, Economies of Scale, Contour Interval

Data Collectors

ALTA Surveys -Increased Liability?, Flood Maps, Special Certificate

Estimating A JobHazardous Site Survey -Special Equipment, Training, High Liability, Special Survey Methods

Special Surveys - Market Will Absorb

Items In An Estimate -Field Crew Time, Office Staff, Professional Time, Reports & Meetings, Vehicle Expenses, Rental Equipment, Per Diem, Consultants, Company Overhead

Estimating A JobHazardous Site Survey -Special Equipment, Training, High Liability, Special Survey Methods

Special Surveys - Market Will Absorb

Items In An Estimate -Field Crew Time, Office Staff, Professional Time, Reports & Meetings, Vehicle Expenses, Rental Equipment, Per Diem, Consultants, Company Overhead

Understanding WhatUnderstanding What’’s Importants Important

Perpendicular & ParallelPerpendicular & ParallelRequired AccuracyRequired AccuracyTenths Vs. InchesTenths Vs. InchesScheduling the WorkScheduling the WorkReference PointsReference PointsPermanent Bench MarksPermanent Bench MarksChecking the EquipmentChecking the EquipmentMetric in ConstructionMetric in Construction

Getting StartedGetting Started

Site VisitSite VisitProject Cost EstimateProject Cost EstimateSafety EquipmentSafety EquipmentSpecial TrainingSpecial TrainingVerifying the Boundary and TopoVerifying the Boundary and TopoOSHA OSHA –– Occupational Safety and Health Act Occupational Safety and Health Act (Title 29 Labor Code Chapter XVII, Part 126)(Title 29 Labor Code Chapter XVII, Part 126)SafetySafety--””Manual of Accident Prevention in Manual of Accident Prevention in ConstructionConstruction”” Assoc. General ConstructorsAssoc. General Constructors

EquipmentEquipment

Robotic Total StationRobotic Total StationTotal StationTotal StationOptical Plumbing InstrumentsOptical Plumbing Instruments200 Foot Steel Tape200 Foot Steel TapeLevels and RodsLevels and RodsReference TargetsReference TargetsData Collector or LaptopData Collector or LaptopRadio or Cell PhoneRadio or Cell Phone

Modern Total Station

Is A Computer

Data Collection

Liquid Dual Axis Compensator

Affected By Heat

EDM Check Line

Log Book For Each Instrument

Diagnostic Read Out For Calibration

Robotic Total Stations

Growing New Technology

Does Not Need Telescope

Allows Two People to Do Work Of Two Crews

Steep Learning Curve

Sent Off To Get Repaired

Read The Factory Manual

High Original Cost

Geodesy and GPSGeodesy and GPSClarke Spheroid 1866Clarke Spheroid 1866North American Datum of 1927North American Datum of 1927--NAD27 NAD27 North American Vertical Datum of 1929North American Vertical Datum of 1929--NAVD29NAVD29GRS80 Spheroid / WGS 1984 SpheroidGRS80 Spheroid / WGS 1984 SpheroidNorth American Datum of 1983North American Datum of 1983-- NAD83NAD83North American Vertical Datum of 1988North American Vertical Datum of 1988--NAVD88NAVD88NAD83/NSRS 2007NAD83/NSRS 2007NAD88/NSVRS 2009+?NAD88/NSVRS 2009+?NSRS = National Spatial Reference SystemNSRS = National Spatial Reference System

Satellites ConstellationsSatellites Constellations

Global Positioning System Global Positioning System –– GPS 24 in GPS 24 in operation/3 extra in reserveoperation/3 extra in reserveGlobal Navigation Satellite System/Glonass 21 Global Navigation Satellite System/Glonass 21 Satellites in 3 orbital planes/3 sparesSatellites in 3 orbital planes/3 sparesEuropean Satellite Navigation System/ European Satellite Navigation System/ GalileoGalileo--30 satellites/3 currently in orbit30 satellites/3 currently in orbitTotal of 72 satellites available by 2010Total of 72 satellites available by 2010Buy only units with 72 satellite compatibilityBuy only units with 72 satellite compatibility

What About Elevation?What About Elevation?

LevelingLeveling--Derived Orthometric HeightsDerived Orthometric Heights

GPSGPS--Derived Ellipsoid HeightsDerived Ellipsoid Heights

Geoid HeightsGeoid Heights

GPS Mission Planning (daily)GPS Mission Planning (daily)

Identify time of low PDOP and high NIdentify time of low PDOP and high N--satsat

Mission Planning (Continued)Mission Planning (Continued)

Horizon MaskHorizon MaskPoint SpecificPoint SpecificObstruction diagramObstruction diagram

Scope (Continued)Scope (Continued)

Right tools for the right jobRight tools for the right job

Leveling

Leveling

Automatic Compensator

Quick Peg Check Procedure - Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Step 5

Radial StakeoutRadial StakeoutData Collector/Radial StakeoutData Collector/Radial StakeoutCoordinate FilesCoordinate FilesPoint NumbersPoint NumbersTwo Instrument SetupsTwo Instrument SetupsStake Files/Design FilesStake Files/Design FilesStakeout AnalysisStakeout AnalysisTolerance CheckTolerance CheckHorizontalHorizontal

Good Data Collection

Make sure batteries are charged and cables in good working order before going to the field

On a larger project, run survey control separate from the data collection

Always shoot the distance when taking a backsite

When finishing your work each day leave at least two points in the area you are going to continue work the following day Bring a print out of the data and field check the points before continuing work the next day

Keep a secure raw data file on each days work

If you are working in the same area for a long period of time , establish coordinates on local radio station towers as an azimuth check

If you are doing vertical elevations make sure you are doing the check of your vertical compensator

In extreme hot weather conditions try to shield your data collector from the direct sun

For best results use a prism pole that is in good condition and has had its level bubble checked When not in use keep the prism pole in padded case

Good Data Collection

Good Data Collection

Have your instrument mounted on a tripod that is in good condition A good check on your tripod is to take a site on a survey station After tightening the clamping screws, take the tripod where the instrument is attached and twist it until the cross hairs leave the target When your grip is released the cross hairs should return to the original point

Building LayoutBuilding LayoutChecking the PlansChecking the PlansExterior Building LinesExterior Building LinesSquaring the BuildingSquaring the BuildingChecking the DiagonalsChecking the DiagonalsOffsets and Batten BoardsOffsets and Batten BoardsColumn Lines and Bolt LocationsColumn Lines and Bolt LocationsPlumbing the Forms/PrePlumbing the Forms/Pre--fab Unitsfab UnitsPlumbing Structural Steel and ColumnsPlumbing Structural Steel and ColumnsMultiMulti--Story BuildingsStory BuildingsAs Built SurveyAs Built Survey

Other ConsiderationsOther ConsiderationsUnderstanding the SuperintendentUnderstanding the SuperintendentSite HousekeepingSite HousekeepingDealing with Union ConflictsDealing with Union ConflictsArchaeological PreservationArchaeological PreservationEnvironmental ProblemsEnvironmental ProblemsFast Track ProjectsFast Track ProjectsVibrationVibration--NoiseNoise--WeatherWeatherPrevailing WagesPrevailing WagesLabor RecruitmentLabor RecruitmentArbitrationArbitrationCollection of FeeCollection of Fee

Seeing the Future: STAKELESS!

AS GPS machine control makes its way onto more surveyingAnd construction sites. Who will provide the data and how?

All data is not created equal.

Does this technology benefit the contractor more than the Surveyor of engineer?

Communicating between the surveyor and contractor.

Is there a place for my company in machine control construction?

The Making of the Model

Raw data reduction

Proposed DTMs

Proposed DTMs for design

Proposed DTMs for construction

A special thanks for use of his material appearing in SitePrep Magazine to:Michael M. SlusarskiSlusarrski Excavating and Paving, Inc.Adrian, Michiganmms@slusarski.com

X, Y and Z data converted to pixels to form X, Y and Z data converted to pixels to form an elevation imagean elevation image

Where does this leave the Surveyor/Engineer?

Collection of the original data

Design DTMs

Site control

Construction site inspections

Final site surveys

Companies Designing Machine Control Files:API – www.apisurvey.comTOPS – www.takeoffpros.comTerrain Modeling Services – www.terrainmodeling.com

Construction SafetyConstruction Safety

Safety RoadwaySafety RoadwayOSHA OSHA -- PL 91PL 91--5596 PL 1015596 PL 101--552552Employee Workplace Rights 3021Employee Workplace Rights 3021--19891989Hazardous Waste & Emergency Response 3114Hazardous Waste & Emergency Response 3114--19921992PermitPermit--Required Confined Space 3138Required Confined Space 3138--19931993Sling Safety 3072Sling Safety 3072--19881988OSHA Publications & Audiovisual Programs OSHA Publications & Audiovisual Programs 202/219202/219--4667 Fax 202/2194667 Fax 202/219--92669266

What Is Confined Space?What Is Confined Space?

Confined Spaces have the following Confined Spaces have the following elements:elements:

Limited Opening for Entry and ExitLimited Opening for Entry and Exit

Unfavorable Natural VentilationUnfavorable Natural Ventilation

Not Designed for Continuous Worker OccupancyNot Designed for Continuous Worker Occupancy

Considerations Before Entering A Considerations Before Entering A Confined SpaceConfined Space

Trained Personnel and Advanced Trained Personnel and Advanced Preparation Preparation -- This includes first aid and CPR This includes first aid and CPR training, and a respiratory protection program training, and a respiratory protection program featuring equipment selection, fit test, medical featuring equipment selection, fit test, medical certification and respiratory trainingcertification and respiratory training

Hazard Assessment Hazard Assessment -- This includes This includes atmospheric testing; means of entry and exit; atmospheric testing; means of entry and exit; ventilation; hidden physical hazards and hazards ventilation; hidden physical hazards and hazards resulting from work being conductedresulting from work being conducted

Confined SpaceConfined Space

Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Equipment -- This This includes boots, gloves, raingear, hardhats, includes boots, gloves, raingear, hardhats, respiratory protection, harness equipmentrespiratory protection, harness equipment

Required Tools and Other Equipment Required Tools and Other Equipment --This includes low voltage lighting system, This includes low voltage lighting system, battery, and explosion proof lighting, battery, and explosion proof lighting, communications system; tools, gauges, communications system; tools, gauges, ventilation and other miscellaneous equipmentventilation and other miscellaneous equipment

Rescue Equipment Rescue Equipment -- This includes hoisting This includes hoisting equipment, first aid supplies, backboards, selfequipment, first aid supplies, backboards, self--contained breathing apparatus SCBA and other contained breathing apparatus SCBA and other rescue devicesrescue devices

Hazardous Situation CriteriaHazardous Situation Criteria

Oxygen Deficient or Asphyxiating Oxygen Deficient or Asphyxiating AtmosphereAtmosphereCombustible Combustible -- ExplosiveExplosiveCorrosive Corrosive -- Acidic/CausticAcidic/CausticToxic Toxic -- Exposure May Lead To Exposure May Lead To Immediate Or Eventual IllnessImmediate Or Eventual Illness

Oxygen LevelsOxygen Levels

Normal, Safe Oxygen Levels;Normal, Safe Oxygen Levels; 19.5% to 19.5% to 21% of the air in space21% of the air in spaceAt 16%, youAt 16%, you’’ll start developing symptoms ll start developing symptoms like fast breathing and heartbeat, like fast breathing and heartbeat, drowsiness, and nauseadrowsiness, and nauseaAt 12%, youAt 12%, you’’ll be unconsciousll be unconsciousAt 6%, youAt 6%, you’’ll be ll be deaddead

ToxicsToxics

Carbon Monoxide Carbon Monoxide -- is a colorless, tasteless is a colorless, tasteless chemical created by internal combustionchemical created by internal combustion

Carbon Dioxide Carbon Dioxide -- is a natural byis a natural by--product of product of fermentationfermentation

Sulfur Dioxide Sulfur Dioxide -- is colorless, but has a heavy is colorless, but has a heavy smell. It is toxic even in small amountssmell. It is toxic even in small amounts

Hydrogen Sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide -- is produced in is produced in petroleum and sewage treatment and other petroleum and sewage treatment and other industrial processesindustrial processes

The End

Thank You

Milton DennyDenny Enterprise, LLC

P O Box 2242Tuscaloosa, AL 35403

205/553 4448mdenny5541@aol.com