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Context-Aware Middleware Solutions Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly Emergency Assistance to Elderly People People Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari University of Bologna Quality Assurance and Devices In Telemedicine 4 조 조조조 , 조조조 , 조조조

Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly People Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari

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Page 1: Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly People Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari

Context-Aware Middleware Context-Aware Middleware Solutions Solutions for Anytime and Anywherefor Anytime and AnywhereEmergency Assistance to Elderly Emergency Assistance to Elderly PeoplePeople

Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca MontanariUniversity of Bologna

Quality Assurance and Devices In Telemedicine

4 조 김병렬 , 이승환 , 홍창기

Page 2: Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly People Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Internet computing: Ubiquitous City| 2

OutlineOutline

One line comment

Motivation/Problem

Approach

Analysis

Experiments

Critique

Page 3: Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly People Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Internet computing: Ubiquitous City| 3

One line commentOne line comment

Context awareness for anytime and anywhere assistance manage ad hoc assistance groups

Context awareness is a crucial in group management supports

Context awareness can also help to reduce bystander apathy

Ubiquitous

A B

Emergency assistance Ad hoc Network

Page 4: Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly People Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Internet computing: Ubiquitous City| 4

Motivation & ProblemMotivation & ProblemAnytime and anywhere outdoor assistance requires

1. formation of first response groups wherever emergency events occurs

Not only medical personnel, but also friends, neighbors, and passer-by can contributePotential helpers may suffer from bystander apathy

2. the interactions among first responders needed to make rapid decisions in unexpected situations

to coordinate assistance tasks depending on user skills, location, and device characteristics

Page 5: Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly People Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Internet computing: Ubiquitous City| 5

ApproachApproachThe Approach

Group feelingThe interaction among assistance team members are facilitated

Context Awarenesscrucial in the design of group management supportsreduce bystander apathy if passer-by know who is helping and which activities are being performed

Challenges

FriendsElderly patient

Emergency !!

Physician

Neighbors

?Passer -by

Page 6: Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly People Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Internet computing: Ubiquitous City| 6

Analysis Analysis AGAPE model

AGAPE group management is based on the locality concept to establish well-defined group management boundaries.

In AGAPE each LME identifies one specific locality and supports group management operations for only the group members placed within its locality.

Page 7: Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly People Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Internet computing: Ubiquitous City| 7

AnalysisAnalysisAGAPE Architecture

Group management layer provides the services needed to create/dissolve and manage group

Group communication layer provides services to support asynchronous message-oriented communication

Page 8: Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly People Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Internet computing: Ubiquitous City| 8

AnalysisAnalysisGroup Management support

LME(elderly patient’s device )- Locality Manager Entity

ME(passing users’ device )- Managed Entity

GID- group identifier

PID- personal identifier(unique within group)

PENS- Proximity Enabled Naming Service- randomly generates and assigns GIDs and PIDs- senses advertisements sent at regular times by ME/LME via PS(proximity service)- build a table that associates each entity with its GID/PID, IP address, and role(ME or LME)

Page 9: Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly People Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Internet computing: Ubiquitous City| 9

AnalysisAnalysisGroup creation

occurs when the group is first created(by an LME) and any time an entity(ME/LME) need to join a group

Page 10: Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly People Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Internet computing: Ubiquitous City| 10

AnalysisAnalysisGroup Management support

PS- Proximity service- exploits a bounded flooding protocol to limit advertisement message propagation within specific locality

bounded flooding protocol - LME broadcasts an advertisement containing its GID/PID, IP address , role, and a counter representing the h parameter - each entity receiving the message decrements the counter and rebroadcasts the message until the counter has 0 (a null value)

h- Maximum radius of locality in network hop

J/LMS- Join/Leave Manager Service- allows entities to discover and join/leave groups of their interest- discovery and joining rely on visibility of group/user/device profiles

Page 11: Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly People Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Internet computing: Ubiquitous City| 11

AnalysisAnalysisJoining

Page 12: Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly People Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Internet computing: Ubiquitous City| 12

AnalysisAnalysisGroup Management support

VMS- View Manager Service- creates, maintains and disseminates views to group members at regular times- view contains the list of co-located group members along with their profiles(context-dependent view)- bounded flooding protocol, similarly to PS

view- group member PID/IP address(obtained from PENS)- user/device profile(obtained by J/LMS during the joining phase)

Page 13: Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly People Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Internet computing: Ubiquitous City| 13

LME coordinationTo cope with mobility-induced changes in group membership, VMS coordinates with PENS to obtain the notification of arrival, departure and disconnection of a group member entity, and updates views accordingly.

AnalysisAnalysis

Page 14: Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly People Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Internet computing: Ubiquitous City| 14

AnalysisAnalysisGroup Communication support

CS- Communication Service- select message receivers of interest and forward messages- exploits user/device profiles(context-aware message forwarding)

MSS- Message Scheduler Service- dynamically assign priority to messages depending on application-specific(context-aware message scheduling)- MSS builds a priority table that associates each user/device/group profile with priority level.

MPMS- Message Presentation Manager Service- message content adaptation according to profile(context-aware message presentation)

Page 15: Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly People Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Internet computing: Ubiquitous City| 15

Experimental SetupExperimental SetupDeployment setting

Mobile Ad hoc Network(MANET) scenario- IEEE 802.11b(wireless cards)- static IP- AODV(Ad hoc On Demanding Distance Vector) routing protocolXybernauts MA-V wearable device -Elderly users and physicians

Pc Expo inJapan 2001.6.29 http://www.watch.impress.co.jp

Page 16: Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly People Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Internet computing: Ubiquitous City| 16

Experimental SetupExperimental SetupDeployment setting

ECG Pocket View Holter- monitors arrhythmia disorders through skin-contact electrodes

iPAQ PDAs-Linux familiar, Personal Java and a subset of AGAPE service

Institute Renata http://www.instituutrenata.com/

Page 17: Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly People Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Internet computing: Ubiquitous City| 17

Experimental SetupExperimental SetupDeployment setting

Elderly patient/physician/passer-by/group profiles

Page 18: Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly People Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Internet computing: Ubiquitous City| 18

Experimental ScenarioExperimental ScenarioTeam Creation

Elderly patient device LMEAll other device MesPhysicians and ordinary people are located close to the elderly patient(eye contact proximity)Devices may be placed at different distances from a few meter to 100m

When an anomalous arrhythmia is detected- LME formation of an assistance team PS: advertise its availability PENS: generate GID/PID and set up the table for the group- MEs sense advertise via their PENS Upon group detection- ME passer-by join the group- LME inserts the new group member profile in the view return the view to new group member

While the elderly patient is waiting for help- context-dependent views may change

Page 19: Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly People Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Internet computing: Ubiquitous City| 19

Experimental ScenarioExperimental ScenarioIntervention plan and user application

to reduce bystander apathy

Emergency notification by sound signal at increasing volume

Page 20: Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly People Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Internet computing: Ubiquitous City| 20

Experimental ScenarioExperimental ScenarioCollaboration

Provide to-do and how-to list (European Resuscitation Council guidelines)

Propagate the to-do list update

All messages require scheduling and format adaptation- physician can assign higher priority to her message- directly assist the patient in speech mode

Page 21: Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly People Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Internet computing: Ubiquitous City| 21

EvaluationEvaluationMeasure

Responsiveness- outdoor- small area with large number of devices

Battery degradation

ResultsResponsiveness in outdoor- 4 laptops + 16 PDAs- group creation - patient’s device requires a few hundred millsec - group joining – trade-off between responsiveness and network overload

Responsiveness in small area with large number of devices-2 – 200 passers-by- IEEE 802.11 network, 2Mb/s, 250m connectivity range- one patient’s device in a 1km square area- degrades in presence of 100 nodes due to packet losses

Page 22: Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly People Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Internet computing: Ubiquitous City| 22

EvaluationEvaluationResults

Battery degradation-VMS requires continuous IEEE 802l.11 connections-reasonable choice in range between 10-15s

CommentsSocio-psychological and aesthetic

It is hardly realistic to expect elderly to walk around with heavy laptops

Page 23: Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly People Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Internet computing: Ubiquitous City| 23

CritiqueCritique

Strong pointsGroups are created on demand on the basis of context awareness

Provide online context aware group communication functionality

Modular design

Wider range of usage with sensors

context awareness is a crucial property in the design of group management supports for anytime and anywhere assistance and can also help to reduce bystander apathy.

aware that socio-psychological and aesthetic deeply impact on the success/failure of their prototype adoption.

Page 24: Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly People Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Internet computing: Ubiquitous City| 24

CritiqueCritique

Weak pointsSecuritytrade-off between elder privacy and exposure of monitored, sensitive, health-related information

Safety critical system. What if there are no nodes in connectivity range of 250m, What if device is out of battery? This is also critical problem.

Page 25: Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly People Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Internet computing: Ubiquitous City| 25

New ideaNew idea

As you know…Reliability concerned with network bandwidth and connectivity should be considered significantly in emergency assistant system.

Context aware middleware is essential application not only in telemedicine, but also in all other ubiquitous environments like home networks.

Page 26: Context-Aware Middleware Solutions for Anytime and Anywhere Emergency Assistance to Elderly People Dario Bottazzi, Antonio Corradi, and Rebecca Montanari

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Internet computing: Ubiquitous City| 26

New ideaNew ideaHome networks

Set-top box is nowadays a web server at home

Connect all devices to set-top box include the door lock system

Your PDA has your profile except password

When your PDA is connected to the home server devices know your profile and customize services

Bluetooth, WIFI

Home server

Any server

Hand held device