CONVEYING SYSTEMS

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION

PASSENGER ELEVATORS

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS

MOVING WALKS & RAMPS

MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEMS

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION

PASSENGER ELEVATORSHYDRAULIC ELEVATORS

CABLE ELEVATORS

RESIDENTIAL ELEVATORS

SAFETY

NUMBER

SPACE PLANNING

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS


COMPONENTS:

CAR

SHAFT

PIT

PLUNGER: SUPPORTING HYDRAULIC MECHANISM- EXTENDS INTO A DEEP WELL.

MACHINE ROOM: CONTAINS PUMP & CONTROL VALUE.

HYDRAULIC PIPING.

COMPONENTS OF HYDRAULIC ELEVATORS

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION


CABLE ELEVATORS


SAFETY

NUMBER

SPACE PLANNING

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS


OPERATION:

OIL FROM A RESERVOIR IS PUMPED UNDER THE PLUNGER THEREBY PUSHING THE CAR UP.

ONCE THE CAR IS RAISED TO THE DESIRED LEVEL, THE PUMP IS STOPPED.

THE ELEVATOR IS THEN LOWERED BY SLOWLY RELEASING THE OIL BACK INTO THE RESERVOIR, SO THAT THE CAR DESCENDS BY GRAVITY.

OPERATION OF HYDRAULIC ELEVATORS

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION


CABLE ELEVATORS


SAFETY

NUMBER

SPACE PLANNING

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS


CHARACTERISTICS:LIMITED TO ONLY A FEW STORIES (75’).

PRACTICALLY NOISELESS, EXCEPT FOR VIBRATION OF HYDRAULIC PIPING.

REQUIRES NO PENTHOUSE.

GENERALLY LESS EXPENSIVE THAN CABLE TYPE.

LARGER CARRYING CAPACITY THAN CABLE ELEVATOR.

SPEED CANNOT EXCEED 200 FPM.

LARGER ENERGY COSTS: LARGE MOTOR BECAUSE IT HAS NO COUNTER WEIGHT.

CHARACTERISTICS OF HYDRAULIC ELEVATORS

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION


CABLE ELEVATORS


SAFETY

NUMBER

SPACE PLANNING

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS


COMPONENTS OF CABLE ELEVATORS

BASIC COMPONENTS:

CAR

HOISTWAY SHAFT

PENTHOUSE

PIT

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION


CABLE ELEVATORS


SAFETY

NUMBER

SPACE PLANNING

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ESCALATORS


OPERATION OF CABLE ELEVATORS

OPERATION:

CAR IS SUSPENDED FROM CABLE, WHICH IS SUPPORTED BY THE HOISTING MACHINERY LOCATED IN THE PENTHOUSE.

THE HOISTING MACHINERY RAISES & LOWERS THE CAR AS DIRECTED.

THE CAR IS GUIDED IN ITS VERTICAL TRAVEL UP & DOWN THE SHAFT BY A SYSTEM OF ROLLERS & GUIDE RAILS.

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION


CABLE ELEVATORS


SAFETY

NUMBER

SPACE PLANNING

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS


CHARACTERISTICS OF CABLE ELEVATORS

CHARACTERISTICS:

CAN TRAVEL WELL BEYOND 30 STORIES.

FASTER SPEEDS.

STRUCTURE MUST BE BUILT TO CARRY THE WEIGHT OF MACHINERY, FULLY LOADED CAR & COUNTERWEIGHTS.

LOWER OPERATING COSTS.

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION


CABLE ELEVATORS


SAFETY

NUMBER

SPACE PLANNING

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS



DESCRIPTION:

STANDARD TRACTION DESIGNS ARE USED INFREQUENTLY IN RESIDENTIAL DESIGNS BECAUSE OF THE OVERHEAD SPACE REQUIREMENT.

STANDARD HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS WHICH REQUIRE A PLUNGER BORE HOLE ARE RARELY USED.

PRIVATE RESIDENCES TYPICALLY USE WINDING-DRUM UNITS, ROPED HYDRAULICS AND WORM & SCREW SYSTEMS.

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION


CABLE ELEVATORS


SAFETY

NUMBER

SPACE PLANNING

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS


SAFETY FACTOR:

7-12% APPLIED TO CRITICAL EQUIPMENT & MATERIALS.

GOVERNING CODES:

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI 17.1) “SAFETY CODE FOR ELEVATORS, DUMBWAITERS, ESCALATORS & MOVING WALKS.”

NFPA NO. 101 LIFE SAFETY CODE.

NFPA NO. 70 NATIONAL ELECTRIC CODE.

ADA

LOCAL CODES: MA; PA; WI; NEW YORK CITY; BOSTON.

ELEVATOR SAFETY

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION


CABLE ELEVATORS


SAFETY

NUMBER

SPACE PLANNING

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS


DETERMINING THE REQUIRED NUMBER OF ELEVATORS

RULES OF THUMB:

ONE ELEVATOR FOR EVERY 250-300 PEOPLE.

FHA REQUIRES TWO CARS IN ALL APARTMENT BUILDINGS OVER SEVEN STORIES, IN ADDITION TO THE MINIMUM REQUIREMENT OF ONE CAR PER 120 BEDROOMS

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION


CABLE ELEVATORS


SAFETY

NUMBER

SPACE PLANNING

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS



OBJECTIVES:

ESTABLISHING THE CARRYING CAPACITY OF THE ELEVATOR SYSTEM & EACH CAR RESULTS IN A MORE PRECISE ESTIMATE OF THE NUMBER OF ELEVATOR CARS REQUIRED.

HANDLING CAPACITY (HC):

THE DESIRED PASSENGER-CARRYING CAPACITY EXPRESSED AS THE PERCENTAGE OF THE BUILDING POPULATION TO BE CARRIED ONE WAY IN FIVE MINUTES.

OFFICES: 12-18%

HOTELS: 10-15%

APARTMENTS: 5-8%

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION


CABLE ELEVATORS


SAFETY

NUMBER

SPACE PLANNING

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ESCALATORS



CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION


CABLE ELEVATORS


SAFETY

NUMBER

SPACE PLANNING

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS



CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION


CABLE ELEVATORS


SAFETY

NUMBER

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CAR CAPACITY:

THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF PEOPLE THAT CAN FIT INTO A SINGLE CAR.

NUMBER OF PASSENGERS PER TRIP (NPT):

THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE THAT WILL ACTUALLY BE CARRIED PER LOAD (80% OF THE CAR CAPACITY).

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION


CABLE ELEVATORS


SAFETY

NUMBER

SPACE PLANNING

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS



CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION


CABLE ELEVATORS


SAFETY

NUMBER

SPACE PLANNING

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ESCALATORS



ROUND-TRIP TIME (RRT):

THE AVERAGE TIME REQUIRED FOR A CAR TO COMPLETE A ROUND TRIP, STARTING FROM THE GROUND FLOOR & RETURNING TO IT .

RRT IS A FACTOR OF:

RUNNING TIME: DISTANCE TRAVELED/ CAR SPEED (MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR).

ACCELERATION & DECELERATION: TYPICALLY ABOUT 2 SECONDS PER STOP.

DOOR OPENING & CLOSING TIME: TYPICALLY ABOUT 8 SECONDS.

LOADING & UNLOADING TIME: DEPENDS ON THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE & THE WIDTH OF THE DOORS.

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION


CABLE ELEVATORS


SAFETY

NUMBER

SPACE PLANNING

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS



N = POPULATION X HC X RRT 300 X NPT

N = NUMBER OF ELEVATORS

HC = HANDLING CAPACITY

RRT = ROUND-TRIP TIME

NPT = NUMBER OF PASSENGERS PER TRIP

300 SECONDS = FIVE MINUTES

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION


CABLE ELEVATORS


SAFETY

NUMBER

SPACE PLANNING

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ESCALATORS


IF ELEVATORS ARE PLACED TOO CLOSE TO THE ENTRANCE, GENERAL CIRCULATION MAY BE IMPEDED.

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION


CABLE ELEVATORS


SAFETY

NUMBER

SPACE PLANNING

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS


LOCATION OF ELEVATORS

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION


CABLE ELEVATORS


SAFETY

NUMBER

SPACE PLANNING

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS


LOCATION OF ELEVATORS

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION


CABLE ELEVATORS


SAFETY

NUMBER

SPACE PLANNING

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS


SPACE PLANNING

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION


CABLE ELEVATORS


SAFETY

NUMBER

SPACE PLANNING

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS


SPACE PLANNING

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION


CABLE ELEVATORS


SAFETY

NUMBER

SPACE PLANNING

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS


SPACING PLANNING

ELEVATOR LOBBIES:

4 SF OF FLOOR AREA PER PERSON WAITING AT PEAK TIMES.

ELEVATORS SHOULD BE GROUPED SO THAT A PERSON ENTERING THE BUILDING MAY IMMEDIATELY USE ANY CAR THAT IS AVAILABLE.

FACE-TO-FACE ARRANGEMENT PROVIDE BETTER VISIBILITY & QUICKER ACCESS THAN ARRANGING THEM IN ONE LONG BANK.

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION


CABLE ELEVATORS


SAFETY

NUMBER

SPACE PLANNING

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS


SPACING PLANNING

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION


CABLE ELEVATORS


SAFETY

NUMBER

SPACE PLANNING

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS


CAR SIZE

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION


CABLE ELEVATORS


SAFETY

NUMBER

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CAR & SHAFT SIZE

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION


CABLE ELEVATORS


SAFETY

NUMBER

SPACE PLANNING

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ESCALATORS


HYDRAULIC ELEVATOR MACHINE ROOM:LOCATED AT THE LOWEST LEVEL NEAR THE ELEVATOR SHAFT.

THE MACHINE ROOM IS SLIGHTLY SMALLER THAN THE ELEVATOR SHAFT.

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION


CABLE ELEVATORS


SAFETY

NUMBER

SPACE PLANNING

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS


MACHINE ROOMS FOR CABLE ELEVATORS

CABLE ELEVATORS:

PENTHOUSE: DIRECTLY ABOVE THE SHAFT; TWO STORIES ABOVE THE TOP OF THE ELEVATOR WITH A FLOOR AREA TWO TIMES THE AREA OF THE SHAFT.

UNDERSLUNG ARRANGEMENT: BASEMENT TRACTION UNIT REQUIRING NO PENTHOUSE; USED FOR LOW SPEED, LIMITED RISE WITH LIGHT TO MEDIUM TRAFFIC.

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION


CABLE ELEVATORS


SAFETY

NUMBER

SPACE PLANNING

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ESCALATORS


PENTHOUSE MACHINE ROOMS

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION


CABLE ELEVATORS


SAFETY

NUMBER

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ESCALATORS



CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION


CABLE ELEVATORS


SAFETY

NUMBER

SPACE PLANNING

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS



CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION

PASSENGER ELEVATORS

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS



CHARACTERIZED BY:

SLOWER SPEEDS (50 TO 200 FPM).

GREATER CARRYING CAPACITY (30 TO 50 POUNDS PER SF).

MATERIAL-FLOW STUDY:

TONNAGE MOVEMENT PER HOUR.

SIZE OF LOADING AREA.

DISTANCE OF VERTICAL TRAVEL (HYDRAULIC TYPES ARE LIMITED TO 60 FEET).

TYPE OF LOAD.

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION

PASSENGER ELEVATORS

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS



DESIGN:CAR & DOOR DIMENSIONS BASED ON TYPE OF FREIGHT OR PALLETS USED.

REQUIREMENTS ARE BASED ON THE COMBINED SIZE & WEIGHT OF ALL ITEMS EXPECTED TO BE ON THE ELEVATOR AT ONE TIME.

RULE OF THUMB:

ONE FREIGHT ELEVATOR PER 300,000 SF OF BUILDING FLOOR AREA.

ONE FREIGHT ELEVATOR PER TEN PASSENGER ELEVATORS.

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION

PASSENGER ELEVATORS

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORSAPPLICATIONS

LOCATION

LIMITATIONS

CARRYING CAPACITY

SPACE PLANNING



APPLICATIONS:

TWO TO THREE STORIES (SUPERIOR TO ELEVATORS IN MOVING LARGE NUMBERS OF PEOPLE AT THESE HEIGHTS).

DEPARTMENT STORES

SHOPPING MALLS

BANKS

HOTEL ATRIA

OFFICE BUILDINGS

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION

PASSENGER ELEVATORS

FREIGHT ELEVATORS


LOCATION

LIMITATIONS

CARRYING CAPACITY

SPACE PLANNING



LOCATION:

PLACED DIRECTLY IN THE LINE OF CIRCULATION.

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION

PASSENGER ELEVATORS

FREIGHT ELEVATORS


LOCATION

LIMITATIONS

CARRYING CAPACITY

SPACE PLANNING



LIMITATIONS: CANNOT CARRY PEOPLE IN WHEELCHAIRS OR FREIGHT, SO AT LEAST ONE ELEVATOR MUST STILL BE PROVIDED FOR THOSE PURPOSES.

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION

PASSENGER ELEVATORS

FREIGHT ELEVATORS


LOCATION

LIMITATIONS

CARRYING CAPACITY

SPACE PLANNING



SPEED:

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE BY CODE: 125 FPM.

STANDARD SPEEDS: 90 & 120 FPM.

TWO-SPEED ESCALATORS

WIDTH:

32 INCH: HAS A 24 INCH STEP, ACCOMMODATING ONE ADULT & ONE CHILD SIDE-BY-SIDE..

40 INCH: HAS A 32 INCH STEP, ACCOMMODATING TWO ADULTS SIDE-BY-SIDE.

48 INCH: HAS A 40 INCH STEP, ACCOMMODATING TWO ADULTS SIDE-BY-SIDE.

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION

PASSENGER ELEVATORS

FREIGHT ELEVATORS


LOCATION

LIMITATIONS

CARRYING CAPACITY

SPACE PLANNING



DISCHARGE AREA:

90 FPM: 6 TO 8 FEET

120 FPM: 10 TO 12 FEET

OPEN AREA WITH NO TURNS OR CHOICES.

INCLINE ANGLE:

30 DEGREES IN THE USA.

TREADS 16 INCHES & RISERS 8 INCHES.

RISE:

10 TO 25 FEET IS STANDARD.

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION

PASSENGER ELEVATORS

FREIGHT ELEVATORS


LOCATION

LIMITATIONS

CARRYING CAPACITY

SPACE PLANNING



ARRANGEMENT: CRISSCROSS

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION

PASSENGER ELEVATORS

FREIGHT ELEVATORS


LOCATION

LIMITATIONS

CARRYING CAPACITY

SPACE PLANNING



ARRANGEMENT: PARALLEL WITH WALK AROUND

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION

PASSENGER ELEVATORS

FREIGHT ELEVATORS


LOCATION

LIMITATIONS

CARRYING CAPACITY

SPACE PLANNING



ARRANGEMENT: PARALLEL NO WALK AROUND

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION

PASSENGER ELEVATORS

FREIGHT ELEVATORS


LOCATION

LIMITATIONS

CARRYING CAPACITY

SPACE PLANNING



PASSENGER VIEW

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION

PASSENGER ELEVATORS

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS

MOVING WALKS & RAMPSCHARACTERISTICS

MOVING WALKS

MOVING RAMPS


CHARACTERISTICS:

CAPACITY: 3,600 TO 18,000 PEOPLE PER HOUR.

MAXIMUM SPEED: 140 FPM

WIDTH: 2 TO 9 FEET ( 26” & 40” MOST COMMON)

SPEED & DIMENSIONS ARE NOT STANDARDIZED

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION

PASSENGER ELEVATORS

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS


MOVING WALKS

MOVING RAMPS


CHARACTERISTICS:

INCLINE NO GREATER THAN 5 DEGREES BY DEFINITION.USED TO TRANSPORT PEOPLE & OBJECTS.

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION

PASSENGER ELEVATORS

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS


MOVING WALKS

MOVING RAMPS


MOVING RAMPS

CHARACTERISTICS:

INCLINE LIMITED BY CODE TO 15 DEGREES.

USE TO MOVE PEOPLE, OBJECTS (BAGGAGE, LARGE PARCELS, ETC) & WHEELED VEHICLES.

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION

PASSENGER ELEVATORS

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS


MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEMSDUMBWAITERS

CONTINUOUS CONVEYORS

PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS

DESCRIPTION:

VERTICAL LIFT SYSTEMS USING A CAR SIMILAR TO A MINIATURE ELEVATOR.

APPLICATIONS:

DEPARTMENT STORES: TO TRANSPORT MERCHANDISE FROM STOCK AREAS TO SELLING OR PICK-UP AREAS.

HOSPITALS TO TRANSPORT FOOD.

MULTI-LEVEL RESTAURANTS.

DUMBWAITERS

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION

PASSENGER ELEVATORS

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS




PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS

SIZE:

LIMITED TO 9 SF.

HEIGHT: 4 FEET.

SPEED:

45 TO 150 FPM

CAPACITY:

500 POUNDS.

DUMBWAITERS

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION

PASSENGER ELEVATORS

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS




PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS

HORIZONTAL CONTINUOUS CONVEYORS: USED TO TRANSPORT CHECK-IN BAGGAGE IN AIRPORTS & SOILED DISHES IN RESTAURANTS

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION

PASSENGER ELEVATORS

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS




PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS

CONTINUOUS-LOOP DELIVERY SYSTEM USED AS A FASTER ALTERNATIVE TO A DUMBWAITER

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION

PASSENGER ELEVATORS

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS




PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS

FUNCTION:

DELIVERY OF PAPER COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN TWO POINTS.

CHARACTERISTICS:

FAST.

EFFICIENT.

RELIABLE.

RELATIVELY INEXPENSIVE.

REQUIRES A MACHINE ROOM TO HOUSE A COMPRESSOR SYSTEM.

PNEUMATIC TUBES

CONVEYING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION

PASSENGER ELEVATORS

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

ESCALATORS




PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS

CHARACTERISTICS:

LESS EXPENSIVE & MORE EFFICIENT THAN DUMBWAITERS OR CONTINUOUS CONVEYORS IN MOVING BAGGED TRASH OR LINEN.

NOISY COMPRESSORS.

APPLICATIONS:

LINEN IN HOSPITALS.

MOVING TRASH

TRASH & LINEN SYSTEMS

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CONVEYING SYSTEMS