Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Skeletal system

Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Skeletal system


Taylor: Memmler’s Structure and Function of the Human Body

Table of Contents

1. Objectives for this lesson

2. Functions of the Skeletal System,Types of Bones and Their Classification.

3. Axial Skeleton and the Bones of the Skull, Vertebral Column, Thoracic Cage, Sacrum and Coccyx.

4. Appendicular Skeleton , the Bones of the Upper Limb and Bones of the Lower Limb.

5. Types of Joints ( Immovable, Slightly Movable and Freely Movable ).

6. Diseases of the Skeletal System in Brief.



ObjectivesWhen you finish this lesson, you should be able to

• Describe the Functions of the Skeletal System , Types of Bones and Their Classification.

• Define the Axial Skeleton and Identify the Bones of the Skull, Thoracic Cage, Vertebral Column ,Sacrum and Coccyx.

• Define the Appendicular Skeleton and Identify the Bones of the Upper and Lower Limb.

• Define and Identify the Types of Joints with Examples.

• Understand the Diseases of the Skeletal System .



• Support- framework that supports body and cradles its soft organs

• Protection- for delicate organs, heart, lungs, brain

• Movement- bones act as levers for muscles

• Mineral storage- calcium & phosphate

• Blood cell formation



• Long Bones- metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges, humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula

• Short Bones- carpals, tarsals

• Flat Bones- rib, scapula, skull, sternum

• Irregular Bones- vertebrae, some facial bones

• Sesamoid- patella





ANATOMY OF LONG BONES

http://www.google.com.sa/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=obSF4fI_Prrp0M&tbnid=bac2D_SPn5ExtM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://mmaarriiaa0.tripod.com/id6.html&ei=qRdAUfDQFvDB0gWSooHAAg&psig=AFQjCNF_YV9Nwpuwquqfva5r4YCUE896cg&ust=1363241073702851



AXIAL SKELETAL

DEFINITION

Axial skeletal is the central skeleton of the body it includes

1. SKULL

2. THORACIC CAGE

3. VERTEBRAL COLUMN

4. SACRUM AND COCCYX





BONES OF SKULL

Bones of skull are basically flat bones they includes

1.Frontal bone

2.Parietal

3.Temporal bone

4.Occipital bone

5.Zygomatic

6.Nasal

7.Maxilla

8.Mandible





Posterior ViewPosterior View



THORACIC CAGE



RIBS



DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TRUE AND FALSE RIBS

• 1ST to 7th ribs are true ribs as they are directly attached to sternum by costal cartilage.

• 8th,9th and10th ribs are false ribs as do not have their own separate costal cartilage instead they join to sternum by costal cartilage of upper ribs.

• 11th and 12th ribs are floating ribs as they do not attached to sternum at all.



Sternum

True Ribs (7)

False Ribs (3)

Floating Ribs (2)

Sternum

True Ribs (7)

False Ribs (3)

Floating Ribs (2)

The Thoracic CageThe Thoracic Cage



STERNUM

Sternum is also called chest bone

It has Three parts

1. Manubrium

2. Body

3. Xiphoid process

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CLINICAL IMPORTANCE OF STERNUM

Lower half of sternum is the place for doing

CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSITATION

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VERTEBRAL COLUMN

Bones of vertebral column are irregular type of bones,they includes

1.CERVICAL

2.THORACIC

3.LUMBER

4.SACRUM AND COCCYX



Cervical Vertebrae (7)

Thoracic Vertebrae (12)

Lumbar Vertebrae (5)

SacrumCoccyx

Cervical Vertebrae (7)

Thoracic Vertebrae (12)

Lumbar Vertebrae (5)

SacrumCoccyx

The Vertebral ColumnThe Vertebral Column



Cervical Vertebrae







SACRUM

• The sacrum is a large, triangular bone, situated in the lower part of the vertebral column.



COCCYX

• Coccyx is the last part of axial skeleton.

• It is present at the lower border of sacrum.

• It has a shape like spine.



Sacrum & CoccyxSacrum & Coccyx



APPENDICULAR SKELETON

Bones of the upper limb and lower limb forms the appendicular skeleton.

Upper limb bones are

1. Clavicle

2. Scapula

3. Humerus

4. Radius

5. Ulna




6. Carpals

7. Metacarpals

8.Phalanges

BONES OF THE LOWER LIMB

1.Pelvic bone

2. Femur

3.Patella

4.Tibia

5.Fibula




6.Tarsals

7.Metatarsals

8.Phalanges





Bones of the Pectoral GirdleBones of the Pectoral Girdle



Humerus

Ulna

Radius

8 Carpals

14 Phalanges

5 Metacarpals









Pelvic Girdle



Ischium

Ilium

Acetabulum

Pubis

Ischium

Obturator foramen

Pelvic Girdle (lateral view)



Male Pelvic Girdle

Female Pelvic Girdle

http://members.aol.com/Attic21/Anatomy/AnatPics/fpelvis.gif





Patella

The Lower Limb (Legs)

The Lower Limb (Legs)Femur

TibiaFibula

5 Metatarsals14 Phalanges

7 Tarsals









metatarsals

phalanges

tarsals

metatarsals

phalanges

tarsals



Immovable Joints (synarthrosis)

suture

pubis symphisis



Slightly Movable Joint (ampharthrosis)



femur

ligaments

pelvis

(diarthrosis)- freely moveable





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Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Skeletal system