Correlation ofSerum Thymidine Kinase

in thePrognosis/Treatment of

Cancer

By: Danielle Cervantes

Thymidine Kinase

A transferase enzyme that catalyzes phosphorylation of drugs into a form that will be active against viruses.

Dot Blot Assay

Technique similar to Western Blotting that involves separating proteins by spotting through a circular template directly onto the cell membrane.

Receiver Operating Characteristic

An analytical test that determines the specificity and selectivity of a medical test.

Specificity

Odds that a test will be negative in the absence of a disease

Selectivity

Odds that a test will be positive in the presence of a disease

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Is a class of cancers that

affect the white blood cells

Can be aggressive or indolent

Estimated New Cases & Deaths in US in 2010

Cases: 65,540 Deaths: 21,210

cancer.osu.edu

STK1 as a Prognostic Factor

Used in prognosis after chemotherapy treatment Levels were determined by chemiluminescent

dot-blot assay Before chemo, and 1 & 28 days after

STK1 levels were analyzed two ways 1) Western blot using an anti-TK1 IgY antibody

2) Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis

STK1 as a Prognostic Factor Results Mean STK1 levels were much higher in patients

with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma than in healthy people

Levels decreased until at day 28 the level corresponded with that of a healthy person

The mean of the STK1 levels was significantly correlated with the clinical response and 5-year survival rate

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) Assay

Designed to detect biological threats

antigen complexes with 2 antibodies

1) attached to a magnetic particle

2) modified with a reporter molecule

Electrode attracts magnetic particle and the detector emits light.

Measured light is correlated with presence of antigenlabautopedia.org

Complete Response (Complete Remission)

Disappearance of all signs of cancer after treatment

Partial Response (Partial Remission)

Decrease in size of tumor or extent of cancer after treatment

Stable Disease

Cancer that is not increasing or decreasing in extent/severity

Progressive Disease

Cancer that's growing/spreading/getting worse

Metastasis

Process of cancer spreading from first location to another.

Cancer resulting from the spread of the primary tumor

STK1 in Cancer Treatment

Experiment examined significance of STK1 in clinical settings

Monitored 1,247 patients Concentration of STK1 was determined by ECL

assay Value was correlated to clinical stage & reaction Monitored outcome of surgery/multi-drug chemo

Looked at 5 different carcinomas Lung, esophagus, gastric, head & neck, & thyroid

Results STK1 values correlated with clinical stage in 4 of 5

carcinomas Levels declined in all tumor groups after treatment In CR or PR patients levels decreased or were <2pM In SD or PD patients levels increased or were >2pM

Some showed metastasis Overall STK1 correlates to clinical stages and reactions. It

also monitors effectiveness of therapies in controlled/routine clinical trials

Overall Results STK1 is a good indicator as to the presence of

non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in patients STK1 is a good indicator of the effectiveness of

treatment of different carcinomas It is not a good indicator of the effectiveness of

treatment in head & neck carcinomas

Significance of Results The results of these two studies show that levels of

STK1 can be used as a prognostic and monitoring factor in cancer. This means that more invasive/expensive procedures can be omitted in treatment.

References "Serum Thymidine Kinase 1 Correlates to Clinical Stages and Clinical

Reactions and Monitors the Outcome of Therapy of 1,247 Cancer Patients in Routine Clinical Settings."

http://www.cancer.gov

http://www.antibodybeyond.com/applications/dotblot.htm

"Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) Assay." <www.jpeocbd.osd.mil/packs/DocHandler.ashx?DocID=8597>.

http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/non-hodgkin

"Serum Thymidine Kinase 1 Concentration as a Prognostic Factor of Chemotherapy-treated Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Patients."

http://www.medcalc.be/manual/roc.php