Countering Radicalization Martin Rayo

8/18/2019 Countering Radicalization Martin Rayo

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OUTIOUTIOUTIOUTIOUTIOUTIOUTIOUTIOUTI

AAA

SOMALIASOMALIASOMALIASOMALIASOMALIASOMALIASOMALIASOMALIASOMALIA

SSSSSSSSS

YEMEN YEMEN YEMEN YEMEN YEMEN YEMEN YEMEN YEMEN YEMEN

DJIBOUTIDJIBOUTIDJIBOUTIDJIBOUTIDJIBOUTIDJIBOUTIDJIBOUTIDJIBOUTIDJIBOUTI

SANA'ASANA'ASANA'ASANA'ASANA'ASANA'ASANA'ASANA'ASANA'A

JijigaJijigaJijigaJijigaJijigaJijigaJijigaJijigaJijiga

Al KharazAl KharazAl KharazAl KharazAl KharazAl KharazAl KharazAl KharazAl Kharaz

Mayfa'ahMayfa'ahMayfa'ahMayfa'ahMayfa'ahMayfa'ahMayfa'ahMayfa'ahMayfa'ah

BossasoBossasoBossasoBossasoBossasoBossasoBossasoBossasoBossaso

HargeysaHargeysaHargeysaHargeysaHargeysaHargeysaHargeysaHargeysaHargeysa

AdenAdenAdenAdenAdenAdenAdenAdenAden

GaroweGaroweGaroweGaroweGaroweGaroweGaroweGaroweGarowe

SadahSadahSadahSadahSadahSadahSadahSadahSadah

G u l f o f A

d e n

Cer Radcaa Refee Camps:

H Edca Ca Hep Defea AQAP

Fracsc Mar-Ra

T D I

Working Paper


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Frcisc Mr-RyMsr’s i Pic Picy 2011

Hrrd Kdy Sch

J 2011

Cer Radcaa

Refee Camps: H Edcaa Hep Defea AQAP

Di Ii – Wrki Ppr


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2 | DubaI InItIatIve WoRKIng PaPeR

SuMMARy PointS

• this ppr sks y sm f h css f rdici d rcri-

m i rf/IDP cmps, d mks h rm h rcii w-

rdd dc, if i prdcs mdicr cdmic rss, is h ms

c mhd f cr-rdici i crisis sis d rdcs h

spc fr xrmis ris rcri d pr.

• Rdici is spciy r i crisis sis (d h cmps h

r crd hs hs dispcd) cs i c cr spc fr rrr-

is wrks pr d s cks is rms r ciiis. I

ddi, hihy rdicid rf pp c prid cdr f id

rs fr rrris ri, s hy r mr r h rdi-

pps, ypicy cm frm i irm, d h fwr

ppris fr prs dcm, hs mki rrris rimr rc.

• th xis irr rdici i crisis sis ypicy ids

hr drirs f rdici: h xisc r prsiss f Ismic d-

c; h iiy d if mpym; d h iiy h frdm

f mm (cmpm s. p cmp picis). this ppr idics h

hr f hs chrcriscs r scdry rss fr rdici, d

h access a e-rded edca s a perf eh facr s

ercme hese bsaces ad sca redce radcaa ad

errrs recrme crss sas.

• accss w-rdd dc, if f mdicr qiy d if h

sd is y d fr fw yrs, is h ms impr fcr i

rdci rdici d rrris rcrim frm pp i crisis

si, c hir sic ds h ssd.


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CounteRIng RaDICalIzatIon In ReFugee CaMPS | 3

“Hi rw p mid ic, h y ys I cm kw i h cmp wr mr

fmiir wih Kishiks d aPC s h hy wr wih hir ph.”

-Jris Shrm oid-Chiy

“What would you like to be when you grow up? A suicide bomber.

No, no, imagine there is peace and security, what would you like to be? Ah, then a jihadist.

No, no, c’mon, there’s total peace and security, no war, what then? A good Muslim.”

-Did Rhd iriw wih y Pkisi i ti cmp

intRoDuCtion

trrris rcrim d rdici i rf d IDP (iry dispcd

pp) cmps is sjc h hs hisricy ry dic rsrch, h d

hs rm rsrics h rsrch sjc d ir ris’ r-

icc prid ccss r ifrm h mr. this rcc is r f

irc f h si h rd r rjc f hs isss r mr prssi

hmiri ds, isd is sy sd fr f hs rm ri

wrd h rf pp d/r h xpsi f ir ris frm

h crisis , which wd iriy hrm h pp h hy r ryi hp i

h rs pc. ths, ms f h rsrch i his d is qi i r d is dic

drk i sysmc fshi, which mks i hrdr sppr rd ccsis

h sjc mr. this ppr sks y sm f h css f rdici

d rcrim i rf/IDP cmps (rfrrd s “rf cmps” hrfr), d

mks h rm h rcii w-rdd dc, if i prdcs mdicrcdmic rss, is h ms c mhd f cr-rdici i crisis sis

d rdcs h spc fr xrmis ris rcri d pr.

edc prrms r m h ms impr spcs f chid’s if i

rf cmp, s hy prid hp d smc f rmcy pps i cri-

sis si. th xis irr rf dc is riddd wih xmps f h

h dispcd pp pc dc; .. rf prs ii hir w

mr icms py chr sris wh h rm r ngo is r

mk h pyms ( phm his hr wissd i h akr cmp i Pki-

s). th imprc f dc ms frcs prs cmprmis hir s i

rdr h hir chidr dcd, s is h cs i Ym. as Rr Wrh rprd

i h nw Yrk tims1, adi -Jifri xpid h pr Ymis, “wd rhr h

(hir) kids a Qd dc h iir,” cmm hm i rr rs

whr h rm hs prid dc ifrsrcr. this hm

is s ppic crisis sis, whr prs r wii scric hmss

js cmicy, s idicy i rdr fr hir chidr rci dc.


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this ppr is sd prjc h id -h-rd rsrch d ir-

iws wih rf d IDP sds, cmp drs, d c d f-m ngo/Igo wrk-

rs i rf d IDP cmps i Ym (Khr), Pkis (h cmps srrdi h ciy

f Pshwr), d Ky (Dd).

RADiCAlizAtion in SoMAli REFugEE CAMPS in KHARAz, yEMEn

this hr is Srh ldry’s di f rdici, dd hr s,

“h sci prcsss y which pp r rh cd, imi, sppr, r cr-

ry ic fr pic r riis jcs2.” Rdici is spciy r i

crisis sis cs i c cr spc fr rrris wrks pr d s -

cks is rms r ciiis. I ddi, hihy rdicid rf pp

c prid cdr f id rs fr rrris ri, s hy ypicy cm

frm i irm d h fwr ppris fr prs dcm, hs

mki rrris ri mr rc.

th scdry sch sds i Khr, ry sm rf cmp f ss

h 20,000 msy Smi rfs, wr h y sds i h prjc py id-

fy hir dsir ji -Qd p rd. th scdry sch i Khr hs 226

rf sds (64 irs d 162 ys) d 300 Ymi sds. thr r 19 chrs

i d h sjcs h icd: Mmri f Kric xs, Ismic Sdis,

aric, eish, Chmisry, Mhmcs, biy, Physics, Hisry, Phisphy, Sci Sd-

is, grphy, ecmics, d Psychy. ahh his iy f sjcs sds rc-

, i riy ms f h chrs r qid ch hir rspc sjcs,hr r dsks fr h chidr s, h sch hs criciy, d r 50% f

rf sds drp fr rd.

up i skd h qs, “Wh wd y ik wh y rw p?”

f h sds dcrd h h wd ik ji -Qd. thr hr sds i

h cssrm icd hir ss his id. Wh skd why, h sds idd

osm i ld d -Qd s h ms iky s fr pc i Smi d sd

h hy wd ck hm d h hp hir cry. tw hr sds

sd h hy wd cm Imms wh hy wr dr i rdr cr

mr pp Ism3. th rmidr f h sds sd h hy wd cm

chrs, dcrs, sccr pyrs, rprrs, d irs ( cmmy iwd s id

prfssis y f h rf pps iriwd fr his prjc). this ws h

y m dri h prjc h y f h hdrds f sds iriwd py d-

mid dsir ji rrris ri, which ry idics rdr dr

f rdici i h cmp, s rdr ccpc f his phm m

Smi rfs i Khr, s h sds did fr y rprcssi frm mki hir

iws kw srr d frir.


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Wh ifrmd h h Ymi rm pd k r primry sch

dc x yr (h Ymi rm rdy crs scdry sch dc-

), which csisd f ird rf d Ymi pic schs, mr h hf

f h m sds rcd riy, ms cki h id f c ic (“W wi

srrd h sch wih s!”) r rih yc f h primry sch dc

sysm. ahh hs wr scdry sch sds, wh wr rdy dr h

is f h Ymi Miisry f edc, h r ccr ws h hir yr

prs wd i h ppriy rci prpr dc dr his w

dcisi. Wh skd why hy wr s ccrd h h primry sch wd

crd y h Ymi rm, spciy sic hy rdy dd scdry

sch r y h rm, hy did h is f prms hy fcd s rfs

i h xis dc ifrsrcr. a f h cims wr rid y u.n. d Cr

Ir cis rwrds, wh dmid hir kwd f hs prms,

wr ry rc ri hm p wih h Ymi rm fr fr f hi

hir prmi pr i Ym rscidd.

1. Violence: tchrs wi rry Smi sds, wi rfri frm

Ymi sd fr fr f rri frm h sd’s ri r

fmiy. Ymi sds k d f his dichmy hrss rf

sds, kwi h y rsps frm h rf sd wi rs i

fr y pry, rrdss f rspsiiiy. Rf sds r

s frcd ri h chrs rdc h ikihd f i rrsd y

h c pic r cfr.

2. Arbitrary Class Schedules: tchrs r r s fr 2/3 f h mh hy r schdd hr, s sds r sppsd h 6 pri-

ds dy ry y h chr fr w prids. I icid,

h scdry sch ws rirriy csd y h chrs fr fw wks

r Smi sd hi chr ck fr hr yr rhr.

3. Signifcant Corrupon: th f crrp i h scdry sch i Khr

is si, ss s cs f h s ms f my id,

rhr cs f is prsiss. Rf sds r frcd py h

sch dmiisrr 1000 Ymi riys (~$4.60) h ii f h sch

yr wd d h ssiy fr pic sch. If sd miss-

s css, d ds w fi h cdmic yr sd hs scs,

h/sh is smms frcd py p 3000 riys (~$14.00). Rf s-

ds r frcd py fr hir xks, which h Ymi sds rci

fr fr. Rf sds r frcd ri h chr w hm k

h d f yr xmi. Wrs f , h chr wi ms swich h


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rss f xc rf sd wih mdicr Ymi , hs -

sri h h rf sd c prrss d wi h c sd

k h crdi fr h sccss f h rf.

4. Language Barriers: th s mjriy f h csss, icdi eish, r h

i Ymi aric, which ms rfs r drsd. tchrs s

rfs swr qss y rf sds, h sis h i wi sw

dw h css d hd ck h c sds.

this isid discrimi is rf sds hs crd pp-

h is hihy isc wrd h hs rm, which hs frhr hidrd

hir prs d prfssi dpm. as h sds mrd hs -

scs, hy dscrid hir ss f dspr, wih mp sds ri h,

“[thy] h fr.” this ws s h rs m sds, i y f h rf cmps,

dscrid ss f hpssss. Frm h sds’ prspc, why c d sch whr y r sysmcy did h ppriy r sd

yr hic r ckrd? Why c d sch if y rci

rci fr yr rs (i h frm f xm rss, pris, r rd)?

th rm cd md h h rdici f h rf pp i

Khr ws d sds’ iiiy ccss w-rdd dc (sic sm

f hm hd i fc dd primry schs r y CaRe Ir), rhr y

h hir f h c Ymi chrs d sds is hm. o cd

r h i spi f rcii primry sch f dc, hs sds wr

hss ri wrd ic d xrmis ris s wy scp. thr qs h is whhr hs sds wd h rd wrd -Qd if hy

hd rd ccss scdry sch dc h rcid hir rs

d ws dysfc.

AltERnAtivE ExPlAnAtionS

th xis irr4567 rdici i crisis sis ypicy ids

hr drirs f rdici: h xisc r prsiss f Ismic dc;

h iiy d if mpym; d h iiy h frdm f mm (-

cmpm s. p cmp picis). this ppr idics h hr f hs chrcr-

iscs r scdry rss fr rdici, d h ccss w-rdd dc-

is pwrf h fcr is w rcm hs scs d siicy

rdc rdici d rrris rcrim i crisis sis.

Ism ws h prdmi rii i f h rf cmps isid dri his

rsrch prjc, d ws prmi spc f h pps’ sci srcr. Ms


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fm sds wr hijabs (hdscrs), hr wr rr rks s h sds

d chrs cd pry, d hr wr schdd pryr cs hrd hrh cmp d-

spkrs. Ms impry, f h crric icdd sss Qric mmri

(i sm iscs h y c imms d y chrs) d Ismic sdis. ths

sds wh idd h Prph Mhmmd s h prs hy ms dmird, wh

skd why, wys hihihd chrcriscs f cmpssi, mrcy, d (rhr h

fcsi mr mii irprs f h rii).

of h sds wh prfssd dsir cm riis schrs r imms,

mjriy xprssd hir dsir icrs di w pp, si hir r

s mr f mdir f cic h i pry riis rms. a y y i Dd

md h wd , “ik Shirhim [mp rfr h grd Mi f

erir], cs h ws fms imm h sdis riis d rh pp -

hr.” ahr sd i Dd md h wd cm “a grd ayh,

cs h is r phisphr.” gi h sds’ mphsis h Prph Mhm-md’s chrcriscs f rc, cmpssi, d ccpc, d hir iw f imms

s mdirs d schrs, i smd h dri mdr csss i Ismic sdis

ws sccssf cr xrmis r mii irprs f Ism d md s-

ds mr r f dir crs d riis.

th scd rm, h rdici d rrris rcrim is dri i pr

y pry d h ck f mpym ppris, ws id dri h rsrch

prjc ihr. th crrm is s prsd y h cs f Dd, whr hr

is pp f pprximy 30,000 id yhs, cmpsd primriy f m w

h s f 18 d 30. thr r fw mpym ppris i Dd, d ms fh u.n. spsrd wrk prrms (icdi csrc, crpry, d schi sc-

cr s) h sccssf i i h yh pp, ms f whm r

frcd , r prfr , rmi id dri h dy, si dr h shdw f r r

rmi h mrk pcs. nrhss, h hd f u.n. c prrms i Dd

dscrid -Sh’s ( Smi rrris ri ikd -Qd) rcri pr-

dicm, “udrsd, hh, h hy r rcri hs chidr i sch

r hs wh h hr fr fw yrs cs hy h dpd dir

miy. ay wh hs rcid i dc ds’ wih hm. S hy

r h dr kids wh rrid hr ps-2007, hs wh r d sch

hr d wr r d sch i Smi. a-Sh s hs kids si

dr r d is hm, ski hm wh hy r di wih hir if, if hy d

w r m d h prid fr hir fmiis, rhr h js wi fr

u.n. hd.” by crs, Ym ws is rfs r fr pss ad d

S’, whr hy ypicy sk mi js i h dmsc srics scr r s -

rs. th s mjriy f Smi rfs ds sy wihi h cs f Khr,


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isd rs r rs d mpym. I spi f his p cmp picy, my

rsrch shwd hihr dr f rdici m Smi yh i Khr h i

Dd, s idcd y rprs f cks is ngo hics d hdqrrs d

frm my iriws wih h sds.

Fiy, h rm h cmpm s. p cmp picis h c

rdici ds hd r fr h hr cris isid. Pkis hs ry p

picy wrd is rf pp, whr afhs r frcd i i cmps (-

hh my d), d isd h crd sms pr hir Pkisi crprs

rd Pshwr. Whir afhs ypicy i i idpd prms rd h

ciy. I Dd hr is ry sric cmpm picy, h cmp is cd r

400kms wy frm niri, d hh my Smi rfs d r niri, hy

d s iy d dr h hr f rrs d prsc y h c hris. I

Khr, s prisy sd, hr is ry p cmp picy fr rfs dispc

hmss hr rs isid Ym sk mpym ppris. th iiy h cmp ds sm h hd c rfs’ fr pii f

-Qd i Ym, whi i Ky, h iiiy fr sds h cmp ds

sm h hd psi c hir prcp f -Sh. I Pkis, sds

i h akr cmp smd mr r ss rdicid h hir crprs wh id

i h sms f Pshwr, hh h pps cmpid discrimi

frm h Pkisi hris (hh h f discrimi ws siicy wr

h i Khr).

tHE PowER oF A wEllRounDED EDuCAtion

accss w-rdd dc, if f mdicr qiy d if h

sd is y d sch fr fw yrs, is h ms impr fcr i rdc-

i rdici d rrris rcrim frm pp i crisis si, c

is sic ds h ssd. th ir cmmiy hs ry sccdd

sishi prcs fr fdi, chi, d shri r mrs f dispcd

pp, cs h sris dics i cr simiry sccssf prcs

fr dc i rf cmps. ngos d Igos h dir mrics msr sc-

css, disr h r imprc f primry rss scdry dc, d

h diri piis h ry c f h crricm, m hr dir is-

ss. edc is s sy h s d s w-fdd f h sic srics i crisis

sis. e Dd, h rs si rf cmp i h wrd wih r 300,000

ihis d r mr f w-mi d w fdd ngos d Igos, sm

wh h pr hr fr r dcd, c y s 2.5% rd r

frm 1st rd hrh 12h (icdi drps d rsfrs h wy). Hwr,

hh h ris dc prrms d sch sysms cd i Dd r


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mdicr (msrd y hir w hih sch rd rs), h prrms h im-

pcd h yh pp i sch wy s mk i fr ss iky h hs sds

wi ji -Sh.

ar ris iriws wih chrs, c u.n. prs, scdry sch s-

ds, d “id yh” i Dd, rps idpdy rid h hs wh hd

rcid dc did h cmp h fr -Sh. ths yhs wh hd

rrid ps-2007 h cmp, d hd r frmy dcd i h cps

f h Smi dc sysm, wr djs hir w srrdis, wr

d r sch (d hr wr h pcs i h ccrd ircy

prrms), d wr mr iky sdcd y -Sh’s xrmis idy d

prmiss f ry s hrs i hir mii. of h hdrds f rfs iriwd,

ws idfy frmr sds wh hd h cmp ji -Sh. e

if his r is disrd d sf-sc is (his hr ws y spk

wih sds wh hd hrh h prrm r wr frids wih hs wh hd hrh h prrm, chrs d ngo wrkrs wh spk eish, h i

which h Ky crricm is sd), i is s rmrk h fr rps idp-

dy ccdd h h primry disc w yh wh wr rdicid d

rcrid, d hs wh wr , ws hir ccss dc. Whhr h sd

hd rdd, prfrmd w, r hd j wr r fcrs i h ysis, s

h rrchi fcr h disishd hs rdicid frm hs wh wr’ ws

ccss w-rdd dc.

Dri h iriws dr sds d id yh wr prssd why hy did

ji -Sh r ck d h i Smi. t smmri h ris swrs,hy hihihd h hy did r wih h ri’s idy, d h hy

prfrrd rmi i h cmp d h. ths w pis, hh hy simpify

h ms sscid wih h rspss d h cs w h ris -

swrs, r idic f pp h iws ic y d hs cm ss

pr idic riwshi y xrmis rps, whs rk d mmrs r

ypicy dcd. Pricips d prcrs i h cmps rd wih his y-

sis f wh siic dirc ccss w-rdd dc mks, i rms f

rdici d rcrim.

Mr impry, his hr ifrs h -Sh rcis wh hr d-

c pss is srhd i Smi d is iiy c rcri hrs,

i is mr rc hir. Fr xmp, i Dcmr 2009 h rp rchsrd

csrphic sicid mi c rd crmy i Mdish, kii r

w d pp, icdi h Miisrs f edc d Hihr edc. a-Sh

hd issd sm i Spmr 2009 wri schs si xks pr-


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idd y uneSCo h h “-Ismic” sjcs. a h m h Miisr f edc,

ahmd adhi Wy, hd dismissd hir hr, drsi h ks’ c y

syi, “th rm d h dc frriy mk sr h y ks h r

i sd i r schs d i r rii d cr, s hir (-Sh’s)

sm ds ccr s.8”

I h IDP cmp f Ji — d msy wih dispcd pp frm bjr, f

h ms csr d scdd prics h afh-Pkis rdr — d h

afh rf cmp f akr, rmrk rsfrm f h pp ws ki

pc. I h f hir pris irms, ihr pp hd dcd fm

chidr (h dr r f afhs i h cmp hd dcd hir ys

sid f rcii sic csss Qric mmri, ii h y dc

sid f h Qr wd mk hm “d Msims”). Hwr, dr h idc

f h rm i Ji, d h i rs f Rhm Mhmmd i akr, h

cmmiy r hd srd w hir dhrs d sch, if y fr fw yrs. this hr’s crss wih h chrs d pricips i hs cmps

hihihd hir if h h rfs’ dispcm d ss f riiy i

w irm md hm mr iky ccp h id h hir chidr, icdi

hir dhrs, rci w-rdd dc.

Wh is ms hri his sci rsfrm is h i sy c-

d c hy rrd hm d ypicy cd h r fmiy, js h fm

sds. ths fmiis w hd dhrs h cd rd d wri, s h md

i ss iky h idiid fmiis d, wih h mmm, wh cmmis

wd ck hir hisric csms ss crcd. If d wh h ti r-rd hir i, his cmmiy is fr ss iky ccp hir dmds h hir

dhrs rmi i h hs, wih frm dc. th wd frc h ti

ihr crc h cmmiy, ch is idy ccmmd h cs’ w

wy f hiki, r hr c whr h idy is mr i i wih h f

h ti.

I is prcisy hs xmps h hihih h ppris ihry prs

i IDP d rf cmps, which ms ri hr frmry rr pps h

hd id fr pr frm ch hr (d frm r crs), i cs qrrs whr

ir ris r prs. bi dispcd is rdy fr rfs, i

s prss ppriy fdmy r hir hir, mki i mr iky

h hy wi rjc xrmis idy d iri sm f h s sscid

wih w-rdd dc; fr xmp, h f rc. I crmd his iw wih

hr scdry sch sds, hir chrs, d hr Pkisi d u.n. prs

h priiy f sds jii h ti, ihr Pkisi d afh, r


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rcii w-rdd dc. Mp srcs ccrrd h h s mjriy

f ti rcris wr wfy dcd d sy iir. I sms h, s s-

ds cqir h iiy y d hik mr idpdy, psi spcs

f rcii w-rdd dc, d r xpsd mr sjcs d wrd

sid f hir w, i cms hrdr fr hm idy ccp prcms h

r iic r hrmf, d i cms hrdr fr xrmis rps riwsh hs

“crrpd” mids.

this rsrch prjc sss h dc prrm’s ms ss chr-

crisc i rdci rdici i rf cmp is h qiy f h dc

simpy is ccssiiiy. a prrm’s ddic rc d mphsis w-

rdd crricm d wid s f sjcs r s ky is sccss.

PoliCy PRESCRiPtionS FoR tHE u.S. govERnMEnt

this ysis hs h ms rprcssis fr h uid Ss, y cs

i is h r f my f h wrd’s ms drs rrris rps, which rcri i

hs cmps, s cs i is h rs dr f id rfs i h wrd. as h

u.S. picy fr id rf cmps crry sds, hr is spr c md

h dc scr i hs crisis sis. I fc, h u.S. srcs is dr id

ry hird prs, wi hm drmi hw spd i.

Rhr h mk hs r disrsms wih ry fw prcdis,

h S Dprm — which is crry rspsi fr disri h cs $2ii i id rfs — shd idfy rf pps risk f i

rcrid y rrris ris r cmi rdicid (sch s Khr, Dd d

cmps i h Khyr-Pkhkhw ri). th u.S. shd h wrk mr csy wih

h u.n. d hr dc pridrs sr h h chidr ms risk h c-

css w-rdd dc. th S Dprm, dr h br f Pp-

, Rfs d Mir, shd cr w psi rspsi fr c h-

miri id ris h prm w-rdd crricm i -risk rf

cmps. ocis i chr f hs prrms shd riw hm h rd rry,

sr h w-rdd crricm is i fwd d rdc h pssiiiy

fr crrp (s hppd i Khr).

thr r my prms sscid wih wrki wih h u.n. d hr dc-

ngos, d hr r mp dcs h wd cr h u.S. sish

spr prrm h is mr hihy rd is scriy ds. o cd

pi Dd’s hih drp r f 97.5%, h rcrwdd cssrms, r h w

chr qiy s d rss fr sr idpd prrm. Hwr, s pri-

sy sd, mdicr dc prrms mk siic dirc i rdci


13/16


h ikihd f chidr cmi rdicid. a u.n. prsc is ss irsi d ss

crrsi h h prsc f h u.S., mki h ri’s mpys mr

wcm y h rf cmmis. I ddi, i ms f hs crisis sis h

u.n. d hr ngos r rdy prs d h h rs d xis wrk c

chs h w ri cd .

Frm is sid, h u.S. shd c mphsi h imprc f fm d-

c d fd sccssf prrms h cr irs d d xc i sch.

Fm dc is f h ms siic dircs w Wsr ids d

xrmis idy, d hps pi rf pps is rps ik h ti

d -Qd. oc pp hs s h s f hi dcd fms i

is cmmiy, i sy crris hs s ck hm p is rr, rdci sp-

pr, d spc, fr rrris wrks h sk frc wm rmi ir. Fr

xmp, ldry (2009) mks h pi h wm py mdr r is

xrmism i afhis.9

Fiy, h u.S. shd icrs is fdi f ccrd ircy prrms, s

h dr rfs wh hd prisy d sch c i h

ppriy cm dcd, hs c src f hrs fr -

Sh i Dd, d hr rrris ris ir -risk pps.

ConCluSion

I ccsi, h ms c mhd fr rdci rdici d mkii mr dic fr rrris ris rcri is icrsi ccss w-rdd

dc prrms. ths prrms h s c y h rf pp-

dri hir dispcm, s p hir rr hm, whr hir w ids

rdc h spc fr xrmis crs pr d mk i mr dic fr hm

sprd hir idy. Crisis sis shd s s ppriy dc

pp h, prir hir dispcm, ws i ms css dispr d hd i

ccss dc. e fw yrs f dc c mk rmds dirc,

h i chi h idiid sd’s k d h cmmiy s wh, s w

sw i h Ji d akr css wih fm dc rfrms. th uid Ss, s

h mi r f ir rrrism d rs dr f rf id, shd k

h d i icrsi ccss dc i rf d IDP pps h r risk

f i rdicid d rcrid y rrris rps.


14/16


BiogRAPHy

Frcisc Mr-Ry is h hr f h pcmi k "Wii h Mids:

trs hrh rrris rcri rds i Ym, Pkis d h Smi rdr."

H rdd wih Msr's frm h Hrrd Kdy Sch i 2011, whr h ws

s bfr Fw, d is crry Prsid Mm Fw. His rsrch r-

s rd cr-rdici, , d pic dipmcy prrms i h

Midd es. H dd h uirsiy f Psyi s drrd, whr h

id b.Sc. i ecmics d b.a. i Ir Rs, h wih hrs. H

c rchd [email protected].


15/16


EnDnotES

1 Wrh, Rr, “Is Ym h nx afhis,” The New York Times: Jy 6, 2010.

2 ldry, Srh, “Why d m ji h ti d Hi-i Ismi? Hw mch d

c cmmis sppr hm?” Independent Report for the Department of In-

ternaonal Development: as 14, 2009.

3 this sm is prcry srprisi r rmi, d is icdd y

i cmp rkdw f h sds’ rspss.

4 this hr hr rfrs ldry 2009, wh ms h, “udrmpyd

y m wih frsrd spirs d imid sk i sciy r prc-

ry sscp rdici,” s w s h, “Mdrsss prid imid

dc which s hir sds prcry r xrmis rr-

s.”

5 th Pkis Is fr Pc Sdis, i is J 2010 ppr, “Rsrch, Rd-

ici d Riis exrmism: th Wrk f PIPS i Pkis,” ss h,“m wr csss, miy i pry rd rs icds ri d is d-

jrd rs… h drirs rdici d rrrism r pry, iqiy

d s dmiisr srcrs, d [h] ms r riis.”

6 Di bjmi, h hd f h u.S. oc f h Crdir fr Crrrr-

ism h S Dprm, sd i Jry 4, 2010, h, “thr is dyi

h wh chidr h hp fr dc, wh y pp h

hp fr j d f disccd frm h mdr wrd, wh rms

fi prid fr h sic ds f hir pp, wh pp dspir d r

rid, hy cm mr sscp xrmis idis.” ahh h

ds mk rfrc h imprc dc, h S Dprm’s

ci psi is h dc, i d f isf, is h pr rdic-

i.

7 a crsry srch f schry rcs rs ds f pprs pishd h r

h hr xis wid r f fcrs h dri rdici, my which dis-

r wih ch hr, ms f which ch h hr rd hms i his

ppr: pry (r mpym); h iiiy f idiid f “fd”

( cmi f mpym d rsric f mm); d h ic

f Ismic dc.

8 “Miisr Rjcs -Sh’s edc Wri,” IRIn, Spmr 22, 2009.9 ldry 2009


16/16

th Di Sch f grm (DSg) is rsrch d chi is

fcsi pic picy i h ar wrd. esishd i 2005 dr h p-

r f HH Shikh Mhmmd bi Rshid a Mkm, vic Prsid d

Prim Miisr f h uid ar emirs d Rr f Di, i cpr

wih h Hrrd Kdy Sch, DSg ims prm d rc

hrh hci h ri’s cpciy fr c pic picy.

twrd his , h Di Sch f grm s crs wih r-

i d iss i is rsrch d rii prrms. I ddi, h Sch ris

picy frms d ir cfrcs fcii h xch f ids d prm cric

d pic picy i h ar wrd.

th Sch is cmmid h cr f kwd, h dissmi f s prcc d h ri-

i f picy mkrs i h ar wrd. t chi his missi, h Sch is dpi sr cpii-

s sppr rsrch d chi prrms icdi

• ppid rsrch i pic picy d mm;

• msr’s drs i pic picy d pic dmiisr;

• xc dc fr sir cis d xcs; d,

• kwd frms fr schrs d picy mkrs.

T H E D U B A I I N I T I A T I V E

th Di Ii is ji r w h Di Sch f grm (DSg) d h Hr-

rd Kdy Sch (HKS), sppr h sishm f DSg s cdmic, rsrch, d

rch is i pic picy, dmiisr, d mm fr h Midd es. th

primry jc f h Ii is rid h xprs d rsrcs f HKS wih DSg d -

h xch f sds, schrs, kwd d rsrcs w h w iss i

h rs f rc, pic scic, cmics, ry, scriy, dr, d fri rs

rd h Midd es.

th Ii impms prrms h rspd h i ds f DSg d r id wih

h rsrch irss f h ris dprms d crs f HKS s w s hr schs d

dprms f Hrrd uirsiy. Prrm cis icd fdi, crdi d fcii

fwships, ji fwships wih DSg, irships, fcy d rd rsrch rs, wrki

pprs, m-yr rsrch iis, cfrcs, sympsi, pic crs, picy wrkshps,

fcy wrkshps, cs sdis, d csmid xc dc prrms dird DSg.

Fr mr ifrm, ps isi s www.diii.r

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