Covalent Bonding! Co = Together The Octet Rule The octet rule says that all atoms want to have eight...
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Covalent Bonding! Co = Together The Octet Rule The octet rule says that all atoms want to have eight valence electrons, like the noble gases. The octet
The Octet Rule The octet rule says that all atoms want to have
eight valence electrons, like the noble gases. The octet rule says
that all atoms want to have eight valence electrons, like the noble
gases. One way that atoms can follow the octet rule is by giving
and taking electrons ionic bonding One way that atoms can follow
the octet rule is by giving and taking electrons ionic bonding
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Slide 4
Covalent bonding The other way that atoms can follow the octet
rule is by covalent bonding. The other way that atoms can follow
the octet rule is by covalent bonding. Co means together or
sharing, so covalent bonding happens when atoms share electrons and
stick together. Co means together or sharing, so covalent bonding
happens when atoms share electrons and stick together. Ionic vs.
Covalent bonding Ionic vs. Covalent bonding Ionic vs. Covalent
bonding Ionic vs. Covalent bonding
Slide 5
When does covalent bonding happen? Well, lets think about it
Well, lets think about it Ionic bondinggive and takehappened
between way different, or unequal, atoms. Ionic bondinggive and
takehappened between way different, or unequal, atoms. When does
sharing (remember co?) usually happen? When does sharing (remember
co?) usually happen? Between equals??? Between equals???
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Slide 6
Which brings us back to Remember electronegativity? The ability
of an atom to attract electrons? So if atoms have similar
electronegativities they end up sharing electrons instead of giving
and taking
Slide 7
Some numbers to live by If two atoms have close to the same
electronegativity, usually a difference between 0.0 and 0.4, they
will form non-polar (equally sharing) covalent bonds. If two atoms
have close to the same electronegativity, usually a difference
between 0.0 and 0.4, they will form non-polar (equally sharing)
covalent bonds. If two atoms have a medium difference in
electronegativity, usually between 0.5 and 1.7, they will form
polar (unequally sharing) covalent bonds. If two atoms have a
medium difference in electronegativity, usually between 0.5 and
1.7, they will form polar (unequally sharing) covalent bonds. If
two atoms have a large difference in electronegativity, usually
over 1.7, they will form ionic bonds If two atoms have a large
difference in electronegativity, usually over 1.7, they will form
ionic bonds
Slide 8
PC, NPC, or Ionic For the following compounds, determine if the
bonding is ionic, polar covalent, or non-polar covalent. For the
following compounds, determine if the bonding is ionic, polar
covalent, or non-polar covalent. CO CO MgCl 2 MgCl 2 CH 4 CH 4 BaO
BaO SiO 2 SiO 2 CuF 2 CuF 2 O 2 O 2 H 2 O H 2 O CaBr 2 CaBr 2 NO NO
NaOH NaOH Note: When a metal and non-metal bond, they form ionic
bonds (No matter what)! When two nonmetals bond, they form covalent
bonds (No matter what)! Two metals dont bond, they form alloys
Slide 9
Methane is covalently bonded Xs are Hydrogen electrons
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Slide 10
Water is covalently bonded antranik.org
Slide 11
When does covalent bonding happen? Between atoms of the same
element (Diatomic molecules). H2 O2 Between non-metals H2O CH4 CCl4
Between non-metals in polyatomic ions PO4-3 CH3COO-1
Slide 12
What are the properties of covalent molecules? Usually liquids
or gases Usually liquids or gases Low melting and boiling points
Low melting and boiling points Insoluble or very low solubility in
water (dont dissolve well) Insoluble or very low solubility in
water (dont dissolve well) Do not conduct electricity in solution
Do not conduct electricity in solution Have odor Have odor
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Slide 13
Ionic vs. covalent PropertyIonic (Think Salt) Covalent (Think
gasoline) State (at room temp.) SolidLiquid or gas Melting and
boiling points HighLow Soluble in waterYesNo, or low Conduct
electricity when dissolved in water YesNo OdorNoYes
Slide 14
Vocabulary Warning!!! You may have noticed I started using the
word molecule instead of compound. You may have noticed I started
using the word molecule instead of compound. I wonder why? I wonder
why? Just trying to confuse you? Just trying to confuse you? Trying
to increase your vocabulary? Trying to increase your vocabulary?
Compound: Two or more different ELEMENTS chemically bonded.
Compound: Two or more different ELEMENTS chemically bonded. Formula
unit: Ratio for ionically bonded elements. Formula unit: Ratio for
ionically bonded elements. Molecule: Two or more ATOMS covalently
bonded. Molecule: Two or more ATOMS covalently bonded. Whats this
mean for you? Whats this mean for you? All covalently bonded
chemicals are molecules. All covalently bonded chemicals are
molecules.
Slide 15
Compound, Molecule or Both? H 2 O H 2 O Covalent, so molecule
Covalent, so molecule Two different types of atoms, so compound Two
different types of atoms, so compound NaCl NaCl Ionic, so compound
Ionic, so compound H 2 H 2 Covalent, so molecule Covalent, so
molecule
Slide 16
More Compound, Molecule, or Both? CF4 Covalent, so molecule Two
different types of atoms, so compound C2H5OH Covalent, so molecule
Two different types of atoms, so compound MgCl2 Ionic, so
compound
Slide 17
Back to covalent bonding In covalent bonding, the atoms can
share 2 (1 pair), 4 (2 pair) or even 6 (3 pair) electrons!!! In
covalent bonding, the atoms can share 2 (1 pair), 4 (2 pair) or
even 6 (3 pair) electrons!!! Single bond: One shared pair of
electrons Single bond: One shared pair of electrons Double bond:
Two shared pairs Double bond: Two shared pairs Triple bond: Three
shared pairs Triple bond: Three shared pairs N 2 N 2 Double and
triple bonds form when an atom needs to share additional electron
pairs to become like a noble gas Double and triple bonds form when
an atom needs to share additional electron pairs to become like a
noble gas Triple bonds are the strongest and the shortest Triple
bonds are the strongest and the shortest en.wikipedia.org