Cove

Cove

1.0 PARISH formerly Yateley, now a sub-division of Rushmoor District 2.0 HUNDRED Crondall 3.0 NGR 485000 156600 4.0 GEOLOGY Bracklesham Beds; island of Barton Sands to south. 5.0 SITE CONTEXT Cove is virtually a north-west appendage of Farnborough from which it is separated by the Cove Brook (Map 1). It comprises three modern sub-districts of Rushmoor; Cove, St John’s and the part of West Heath which lies west of the Cove Brook (page 11). The identifiable C19 (and earlier) focus of Cove (old Cove) is on the course of the Hawley Lake Stream c. 0.75km north of St John’s Church in the sub-district designated St John’s. Almost nothing of the old settlement remains. The only buildings of note are the C19 parish church, which stands upon a small knoll (c. 65m AOD), and Cove County Junior School (late C19; NRG 485340 156330). From the church the land falls gently north-eastwards to the valley of the Cove Brook (c. 61m AOD). 6.0 PLAN TYPE & DESCRIPTION Manor house (farmstead) + common edge 6.1 Manor house / farmstead complex Cove has been an historically identifiable estate / manor since before 1066 (sub-paragraphs 14.1. and 14.3). The Tithe Map (1846; Map 2) indicates a dispersed settlement pattern which is in accord with much of north-east Hampshire. Two farmstead groups can be identified. The first stood on the west side of Fernhill Road on the north bank of the Hawley Lake Stream and this may have been the traditional site of the manorial centre of Cove (paragraphs 11.0 (2) and 14.3). A second farmstead group stood at the west end of a remnant area of open space behind Cove County Infant School (paragraph 11.0 (1)). The school field was divided into four plots in 1846. The most westerly of these contained two agricultural buildings whilst the adjoining land unit to the east was known as Barn Field. The whole of the present school field was farmed as arable and it is this feature which draws attention to a curiosity of Cove. In an area of the County where evidence of common field farming is scarce, Cove appears to be an exception. There is a recorded Inclosure Act dated 1854 (sub-paragraph 17.2; Taverner, 1957: 94). However, the curvilinear nature of the majority of the Cove Tithe Map boundaries suggests that enclosure of open fields had been taking place on a piecemeal basis for some time, perhaps as early as the late medieval period. By 1846 there was a patchwork of irregular fields (Map 2) the boundaries of which appear to have been based upon pre-existing furlong divisions. A good example of this is Newfield Road, a modern housing development where the course of the road and the boundaries of the properties conform to the shape of a sinuous west-east field which probably represents a unit of an ancient system of land allotment (Map 4).

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Cove 6.2 Common edge settlement Fernhill Road runs south through Cove towards Farnborough. South of NGR 485300 156500 (opposite the site of the present Infants School) the Tithe Map shows a different pattern of settlement. On the east side of the road enclosed fields gave way to open space, an area now developed but still known as West Heath (west of the Cove Brook?). Set back from the road by c. 200m a number of common edge plots had developed. In 1846, some of these contained buildings whilst others were vacant (Map 2). None of these survives today. 6.2.1 At NGR 485280 156390 St John’s Road forks south-south-west from Fernhill Road to arrive at a cross-roads and St John’s Church after c. 350m. This is a straight and formal arrangement of roads laid out upon common land (wastes) and this unsettled area outside the agricultural zone must have been an obvious choice for the site of a new church in 1844. 6.3 Site visit condition: hazy sun; dry. 7.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL 7.1 AsAP 7.1.1 Presumed location of Cove manor house and farm (NGR 485420 156940 approx. centre). The Tithe Map of 1846 shows a substantial farmstead here although the site is now occupied by late C20 housing the foundations of which will have limited any archaeological potential. 7.2 AsHAP None 8.0 CHURCH & CHURCHYARD St John the Baptist, 1844 Neo-Norman style (architect: G Alexander). 9.0 BUILDINGS No listed buildings are recorded within the survey area. 10.0 SMR DATA SW 484800 156000, NE 485600 157000 No sites. 11.0 ADDITIONAL SITES / FEATURES 1 484880 155660 Site of two buildings recorded on Tithe Map of 1846. 2 485420 156940 Presumed site of Cove manor house, evident on Tithe Map of 1846. 12.0 CARTOGRAPHIC SOURCES Tithe Map 2165M/F7/271 (1846/*) GSGB 285 Aldershot (1976) OS 1: 2500 SW 484800 156000, NE 485600 157000 OS 1: 25000 Pathfinder 1205 (SU 85/95), Farnborough and Aldershot

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Cove 13.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY 14.0 PRIMARY HISTORIC SOURCES 14.1 Domesday Book 3, 8 Listed under Crondall for which the full entry is: Bishop of Winchester (for the supplies of the monks of Winchester). It was always in the (lands of the) Church. Before 1066 there were 50 hides; then and now it paid tax for 40 hides. Land for 29 ploughs. In lordship 4 ploughs; 45 villagers and 11 smallholders with 25 ploughs; A church at 20s; 12 slaves; woodland at 80 pigs from pasturage. Value before 1066 £15 10s; later £6; now £24. Germanus holds from the Bishop 8 hides of this land in Itchel and Cove. Leofwin and Wulfward held if from the Bishop jointly; they could not go whither they would. Each had a hall; when Germanus acquired it there was only one hall. He had in lordship 3 ploughs; 20 villagers and 10 smallholders with 6 ploughs; 6 slaves. A mill at 3s; meadow, 2 acres; woodland at 15 pigs pasturage. The value was £6; later 40s; now £8. William holds 3 virgates of this manor from the Bishop in Badley (ie Clare Park since C16 [VCH 4: 7-8]). Aelfric held it from the Bishop like a villager. There is 1 plough and 1 smallholder with 4 slaves. Thurstan holds 7 hides of this manor in (Long) Sutton. Justin and Leofsi held it from the Bishop jointly, but the could not go whither they would. They had 2 halls. In lordship 3 ploughs; 3 villagers and 4 smallholders with ½ plough. Value before 1066 £7; now the same; when acquired £4. Odin of Windsor holds 3 hides of this manor from the Bishop in Farnborough. Alwin held it jointly from the Bishop; he could not go whither he would. Now in lordship 1 plough; 7 villagers and 4 smallholders with 3 ploughs. 5 slaves; a mill at 10d; meadow, 3 acres; woodland at 6 pigs. Value before 1066 and now 60s; when acquired 40s. 14.2 Subsidy Rolls 1334 £1.15. 6 1524 1st survey: Not listed. 2nd survey: £2. 6. 2 (22 taxpayers) 14.3 Manorial Documents Traditionally held with the manor of Itchell until 1579. Last manor court held in 1894 (VCH 4: 22). A tithing of Yateley (VCH 4: 1) 14.4 Hearth Tax 1665 53 hearths chargeable (22 houses) 13 hearths not chargeable (8 houses). Total: 30 houses. 15.0 PLACE NAME 1086 Cove. OE cofa ‘enclosed chamber’ perhaps suggests a building. 16.0 PHOTOGRAPHS

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Cove

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17.0 OTHER PROJECT ELEMENTS 17.1 Other parish settlements include 17.2 Inclosure Act (private) 1854 Not including open field arable under the General Acts of 1845 or later. 17.3 Cove and the southern part of Hawley were formed into an ecclesiastical parish in 1838. 18.0 ILLUSTRATIONS 1 Location map at 1: 25000 2 Tithe Map transcription at 1: 2500 3 Map: Development and Archaeological Features at 1: 2500 4 Map: Areas of Archaeological Potential at 1: 2500