Creating a Christian Creating a Christian SpainSpain

King Ferdinand and Queen King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella: Heroes or Isabella: Heroes or

Villains?Villains?

The ReconquistaThe Reconquista

The Reconquista was when the The Reconquista was when the Spanish took back Spain from the Spanish took back Spain from the Muslims.Muslims.

It was a long process: it started in It was a long process: it started in 1085 and ended in 1492.1085 and ended in 1492.

Creating a Christian SpainCreating a Christian Spain

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella were “Catholic Monarchs” of Spain.were “Catholic Monarchs” of Spain.

They wanted to unite Spain under They wanted to unite Spain under one religion.one religion.

The Spanish InquisitionThe Spanish Inquisition

In 1478, King Ferdinand and Queen In 1478, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella took over the Isabella took over the Spanish Spanish InquisitionInquisition – a system of courts – a system of courts where Church officials put non-where Church officials put non-Catholics on trial.Catholics on trial.

Muslims and Jews were given a Muslims and Jews were given a choice – convert or be exiled.choice – convert or be exiled.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uprjmoSMJ-o

Exploring SourcesExploring Sources Read the excerpt on the expulsion of the Jews Read the excerpt on the expulsion of the Jews

from Spain on page 203 of your textbook.from Spain on page 203 of your textbook. Answer the 3 questionsAnswer the 3 questions They were given only a short time to get and they They were given only a short time to get and they

had to sell everything. However they could not had to sell everything. However they could not take gold and silver with them so they would take gold and silver with them so they would have lost a lot of their wealth.have lost a lot of their wealth.

It suggests greed was also a motive.It suggests greed was also a motive. The Jewish people in the picture look very The Jewish people in the picture look very

stressed and overcome with fear and fatigue. The stressed and overcome with fear and fatigue. The Christians are using force against the Jews and Christians are using force against the Jews and are taking their possessions.are taking their possessions.

The TrialThe Trial

There were hearings, in which both There were hearings, in which both the denouncers and the defendant the denouncers and the defendant gave testimony. gave testimony.

The Tribunal of the InquisitionThe Tribunal of the Inquisition Francisco de GoyaFrancisco de Goya

The TrialThe Trial

There were hearings, in which both There were hearings, in which both the denouncers (the people the denouncers (the people accusing) and the defendant gave accusing) and the defendant gave testimony testimony

The accused was interrogated and The accused was interrogated and torture was often used to obtain a torture was often used to obtain a confessionconfession

The TrialThe Trial

The application of the garrucha, consisted of suspending the criminal from the ceiling by a pulley with weights tied to the ankles, with a series of lifts and drops, during which arms and legs suffered violent pulls and were sometimes dislocated.

The potro, the rack, was the instrument of torture used most frequently.

SentencingSentencing

The results of the trial could be the following:The results of the trial could be the following: The defendant could be acquitted (set free) – this was The defendant could be acquitted (set free) – this was

rare. rare. The process could be suspended, in which the The process could be suspended, in which the

defendant went free, although under suspicion, and defendant went free, although under suspicion, and with the threat that his process could be continued at with the threat that his process could be continued at any time. any time.

Your punishment could be: exile, fines or sentence to Your punishment could be: exile, fines or sentence to jail or the galleys (ships), confiscation of all property, jail or the galleys (ships), confiscation of all property, or physical punishments (i.e. whipping). or physical punishments (i.e. whipping).

The most serious punishment was burning at the The most serious punishment was burning at the stake. Execution was public. If the condemned stake. Execution was public. If the condemned repented, he or she was strangled before the body repented, he or she was strangled before the body was given to the flames. If not, he was burned alive. was given to the flames. If not, he was burned alive.

At the beginning of the Inquisition 40% of cases before At the beginning of the Inquisition 40% of cases before 1530 resulted in the death penalty. 1530 resulted in the death penalty.

The Effect of the InquisitionThe Effect of the Inquisition

The expulsion of Jews and Muslims The expulsion of Jews and Muslims had negative effects because the had negative effects because the Spanish Jews and Muslims were a Spanish Jews and Muslims were a large part of the educated middle large part of the educated middle class (business people and class (business people and investors). Without these people, it investors). Without these people, it was difficult for Spain to grow was difficult for Spain to grow economically.economically.

Saving SoulsSaving Souls

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella thought they had a religious duty to thought they had a religious duty to convert as many people as possible to convert as many people as possible to the Catholic faith within Spain and the Catholic faith within Spain and beyond its borders.beyond its borders.

This is one of the reasons Spain decided This is one of the reasons Spain decided to support Columbus. He promised that to support Columbus. He promised that in the new lands there would be millions in the new lands there would be millions of people to convert to Catholicism. of people to convert to Catholicism.

Saving SoulsSaving Souls

Missionaries went with Spanish Missionaries went with Spanish explorers on their voyages. explorers on their voyages.

Missionaries are men and women Missionaries are men and women from religious orders who had the from religious orders who had the authority to teach and convert authority to teach and convert people to Catholicism.people to Catholicism.

To describe the acts of Christians in earlier times, such as the Crusades and the Spanish Inquisition, Pope John Paul II used this phrase:

Violence in the service of the truth

1) What does this mean?

2) Can you think of something you did in the past which today you think is wrong?

Memory and ReconciliationMemory and Reconciliation

In 2000, Pope John Paul called for repentance (recognize the wrong in something you have done and be sorry about it) for acts committed by Christians (such as the SpanishInquisition and the Crusades)He also sought forgiveness for the forced conversion of Indigenous peoples.

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Should Ferdinand and Isabelle Should Ferdinand and Isabelle be considered heroes or be considered heroes or

villains?villains?

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