Criminal Profiling

Criminal Profiling & Criminal Profiling & Serial KillersSerial Killers

Jordan Green & Cecilia de AntuenoJordan Green & Cecilia de Antueno

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What is criminal profiling?What is criminal profiling?

Construction of a psychological, Construction of a psychological, behavioral and demographic profile of the behavioral and demographic profile of the type of person likely to have committed the type of person likely to have committed the crimecrime

Usually applied to serial crimes (serial Usually applied to serial crimes (serial murders, serial rapes…)murders, serial rapes…)

First documented caseFirst documented case

New York City 1950’sNew York City 1950’s ““Mad Bomber”Mad Bomber” Psychiatrist James Brussell constructs a Psychiatrist James Brussell constructs a

profile:profile: White male, 40’s - 50’sWhite male, 40’s - 50’s Lives with aunt or sisterLives with aunt or sister Hates father, loves motherHates father, loves mother Will wear double-breasted suit when Will wear double-breasted suit when

apprehendedapprehended

““Father of profiling”Father of profiling”

John DouglasJohn Douglas 25 years with the FBI, Investigative Support 25 years with the FBI, Investigative Support

UnitUnit Developed profiling techniques now taught in Developed profiling techniques now taught in

the FBI’s Behavioral Science Unitthe FBI’s Behavioral Science Unit Consulted on Atlanta child murders, Green Consulted on Atlanta child murders, Green

River killer, UnabomberRiver killer, Unabomber

What to look for

SignatureSignature SignatureSignature - something done to fulfill or satisfy - something done to fulfill or satisfy

the offenders emotional statethe offenders emotional state Not the same as Modus OperandiNot the same as Modus Operandi

Modus OperandiModus Operandi - what is needed to - what is needed to complete the crimecomplete the crime

What to look forWhat to look for State of the crime sceneState of the crime scene

Gives clues about the type of offenderGives clues about the type of offender

AgeAge

RaceRace

MotiveMotive

Organized vs. DisorganizedOrganized vs. Disorganized

Organized crime sceneOrganized crime scene:: Body is hiddenBody is hidden Weapon is removed from sceneWeapon is removed from scene Appears to be well-plannedAppears to be well-planned The victim is specifically targetedThe victim is specifically targeted Restraints often usedRestraints often used Aggression takes place before deathAggression takes place before death

Organized vs. DisorganizedOrganized vs. Disorganized

DisorganizedDisorganized:: Body not hiddenBody not hidden Weapon is presentWeapon is present Appears to be spontaneousAppears to be spontaneous Victim may be an acquaintanceVictim may be an acquaintance Aggression or sex post-mortemAggression or sex post-mortem

What does it all mean?What does it all mean?

Organized crime scene suggests an Organized crime scene suggests an offender:offender: Average or above average IQAverage or above average IQ Employed, usually quite skilledEmployed, usually quite skilled Socially competentSocially competent Uses alcohol in commission of crimeUses alcohol in commission of crime Uses car to drive to crime scene/hunt for Uses car to drive to crime scene/hunt for

victimvictim Obsessed with media coverage of his crimesObsessed with media coverage of his crimes

What does it all mean?What does it all mean?

Disorganized crime scene suggests an Disorganized crime scene suggests an offender:offender: Below average IQBelow average IQ Unstable employment record, unskilledUnstable employment record, unskilled Socially isolatedSocially isolated Lives close to crime sceneLives close to crime scene Strict discipline as a childStrict discipline as a child Extremely anxiousExtremely anxious

Criminal ProfilingCriminal Profiling Statistics from FBI (1981)Statistics from FBI (1981)

88 cases solved using profiling out of 19288 cases solved using profiling out of 192 17% of these cases were solved by profiling 17% of these cases were solved by profiling

ALONEALONE

Canada & ProfilingCanada & Profiling VICLAS (violent crime linkage analysis)VICLAS (violent crime linkage analysis)

Computer matches crimes with similar Computer matches crimes with similar characteristicscharacteristics

Canada & ProfilingCanada & Profiling

New technique developed by Canadians: New technique developed by Canadians: Geographic profilingGeographic profiling

Determine offender’s location by studying the Determine offender’s location by studying the location of the crime sceneslocation of the crime scenes

Computer program generates offender’s most Computer program generates offender’s most likely location & possible future target areaslikely location & possible future target areas

Serial KillersSerial Killers

Definition of a Serial KillerDefinition of a Serial Killer

Murder of three or more personsMurder of three or more persons Involves a distinctive “cooling off” periodInvolves a distinctive “cooling off” period

Can be days to months to yearsCan be days to months to years

Differs from Differs from Mass MurderMass Murder (3+ persons (3+ persons killed together) & killed together) & Spree KillingSpree Killing (3+ (3+ persons killed in short period of time at persons killed in short period of time at different locations)different locations)

Typical serial killerTypical serial killer

White maleWhite male Late 20’s to early 30’sLate 20’s to early 30’s Kills within his own raceKills within his own race Method of murder is “hands on” Method of murder is “hands on”

(strangulation or stabbing)(strangulation or stabbing) Victims selected because they share Victims selected because they share

specific characteristics (for example, Ted specific characteristics (for example, Ted Bundy chose young women with long Bundy chose young women with long hair, parted in the middle)hair, parted in the middle)

The Lust Murderer:The Lust Murderer:subtype of a serial killer subtype of a serial killer

Sadistic and brutal crimeSadistic and brutal crime Committed almost exclusively against Committed almost exclusively against

womenwomen Two types of offenders:Two types of offenders:

Organized NonsocialOrganized Nonsocial Disorganized AsocialDisorganized Asocial

Organized NonsocialOrganized Nonsocial

Indifferent to the well-being of othersIndifferent to the well-being of others Self-centered and narcissisticSelf-centered and narcissistic Manipulative and cunningManipulative and cunning Lives away from crime sceneLives away from crime scene Crime appears controlled, methodicalCrime appears controlled, methodical Pre and post-mortem mutilation and Pre and post-mortem mutilation and

torturetorture

Organized NonsocialOrganized Nonsocial

Evidence of necrophiliaEvidence of necrophilia Returns to crime scene to see status of Returns to crime scene to see status of

investigationinvestigation Wants his crime to outrage the community; Wants his crime to outrage the community;

feels he is “getting even” with societyfeels he is “getting even” with society

Disorganized AsocialDisorganized Asocial

Described by others as a “loner”Described by others as a “loner” Inexperienced in relationships, unable to Inexperienced in relationships, unable to

socializesocialize Crime is committed in a frenzied mannerCrime is committed in a frenzied manner Lives close to crime scene because he Lives close to crime scene because he

feels safe and secure in his own feels safe and secure in his own neighborhoodneighborhood

Weapon of opportunity - demonstrates Weapon of opportunity - demonstrates lack of planlack of plan

Disorganized AsocialDisorganized Asocial Post-mortem mutilationPost-mortem mutilation

Biting or slashing of breasts, genitalsBiting or slashing of breasts, genitals

Insertion of foreign objectsInsertion of foreign objects ““an inquisitive child with a new toy”an inquisitive child with a new toy” Exploring how body worksExploring how body works

Returns to crime scene often to continue Returns to crime scene often to continue mutilationmutilation

Example of lust killersExample of lust killers

James Russell Odom & James Clayton James Russell Odom & James Clayton LawsonLawson Met in a mental institutionMet in a mental institution Talked about their fantasies regarding Talked about their fantasies regarding

women: Odom raping and Lawson mutilatingwomen: Odom raping and Lawson mutilating

Their crime:Their crime: Kidnapped, raped and brutally mutilated a Kidnapped, raped and brutally mutilated a

womanwoman

Lust KillersLust Killers

Lawson quoted as saying:Lawson quoted as saying:

I wanted to cut her body so she would not I wanted to cut her body so she would not look like a person and destroy her so she look like a person and destroy her so she would not exist.would not exist.

I did not rape the girl. I only wanted to I did not rape the girl. I only wanted to destroy her.destroy her.

Profiling a Serial Killer: “The Profiling a Serial Killer: “The Trailside Killer”Trailside Killer”

San Francisco Mount Tamalpais August San Francisco Mount Tamalpais August 19791979 Edda Kane (44 years) found deadEdda Kane (44 years) found dead Facedown, kneeling positionFacedown, kneeling position Single gunshot wound to back of headSingle gunshot wound to back of head No evidence of sexual assaultNo evidence of sexual assault No robberyNo robbery

Trailside KillerTrailside Killer

March 1980March 1980 Barbara Schwartz (23 years)Barbara Schwartz (23 years) Stabbed in chestStabbed in chest Naked, kneeling positionNaked, kneeling position

October 1980October 1980 Anne Alderson (26 years)Anne Alderson (26 years) Shot in headShot in head BUT: not naked, not kneeling BUT: not naked, not kneeling


November 1980November 1980 Shauna May (25 years)Shauna May (25 years) Found in a shallow grave NEXT TO Diana O’ Found in a shallow grave NEXT TO Diana O’

Connell (22 years) who had been missing for Connell (22 years) who had been missing for one monthone month

Both shot in headBoth shot in head


Same day: two more bodiesSame day: two more bodies

Richard Stowers (19 years) and fiancee Richard Stowers (19 years) and fiancee Cynthia Moreland (18 years)Cynthia Moreland (18 years)

Determined to have been killed the same Determined to have been killed the same weekend as Anne Alderson in mid-Octoberweekend as Anne Alderson in mid-October


March 1981March 1981

Henry Cowell Redwoods State ParkHenry Cowell Redwoods State Park Ellen Marie Hansen (20) & Steven HaertleEllen Marie Hansen (20) & Steven Haertle Threatened to rape Ellen, shot & killed her Threatened to rape Ellen, shot & killed her

when she protestedwhen she protested Steven was shot but survivedSteven was shot but survived Able to give a description of the manAble to give a description of the man

Trailside Killer: Constructing Trailside Killer: Constructing a profile (John Douglas)a profile (John Douglas)

Crime scenes in secluded areas only Crime scenes in secluded areas only accessible by foot: accessible by foot: Killer was comfortable Killer was comfortable in area, a localin area, a local

Victims attacked from rear in blitz-style Victims attacked from rear in blitz-style attack: attack: Killer was asocial, not able to Killer was asocial, not able to charm victims with conversation. Blitz-style charm victims with conversation. Blitz-style attack was the only way he could control attack was the only way he could control victimsvictims

Trailside Killer: Constructing Trailside Killer: Constructing a profilea profile

Victims ranged in ages and Victims ranged in ages and appearance: appearance: Killer didn’t know victims. Killer didn’t know victims. He is acting out a fantasyHe is acting out a fantasy

Victims were white: Victims were white: Killer is whiteKiller is white Able to evade police: Able to evade police: Low to mid 30’sLow to mid 30’s Probably spent time in jail, possibly Probably spent time in jail, possibly

attempted rapeattempted rape Blue-collar workBlue-collar work

Trailside Killer: Constructing Trailside Killer: Constructing a profilea profile

Very intelligentVery intelligent Not random act - precipitating stressorNot random act - precipitating stressor History of bed-wetting, fire-starting History of bed-wetting, fire-starting

and/or cruelty to animals (as a child)and/or cruelty to animals (as a child) SPEECH IMPEDIMENTSPEECH IMPEDIMENT

Secluded, didn’t want to be seenSecluded, didn’t want to be seen Relied on over-powering victimRelied on over-powering victim Indicates a disability, but unlikely physical Indicates a disability, but unlikely physical

because was able to control victimbecause was able to control victim

Trailside Killer CaughtTrailside Killer Caught

David CarpenterDavid Carpenter

White male, 50 (*profile of age incorrect)White male, 50 (*profile of age incorrect) Industrial arts teacherIndustrial arts teacher History of attacking women and served jail History of attacking women and served jail

timetime Domineering and abusive motherDomineering and abusive mother Bed-wetting & cruelty to animals as a childBed-wetting & cruelty to animals as a child SEVERE STUTTERSEVERE STUTTER

You be the profiler:You be the profiler:

The Silence of the LambsThe Silence of the Lambs

Documents

Criminal Profiling