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Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) in ATC
•Wars
•Accidents
•Emergency Services
•Daily Operations
History
Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) in ATC
CRITICAL INCIDENT
any event that has the potential to create significant
human distress and to overwhelm someone’s usual
coping mechanisms
Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) in ATC
Critical Incident Stress Management
Critical IncidentStress Management
Critical Incident StressManagement
Normal Reaction to Abnormal Event
Critical Incident Stress
Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) in ATC
• Voluntary
• Not Counselling
• Psychological First Aid
• Confidential
• Peer Support
Peer support personnel have acredibility that no academic
training programme can provide!
Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) in ATC
Individual Intervention
Group Intervention
Crisis Management Briefing
Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) in ATC
Individual Intervention (Defusing)
•Within 12 hours
•Peer Support
•20 - 45 minutes
Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) in ATC
Group Intervention (Defusing)
•Within 12 hours
•Peer Support
•Small Groups (max 4)
•20 - 45 minutes
Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) in ATC
Group Intervention Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD)
• High Impact Events
• Within 7 days
• Peer and Clinical Support
• 1 - 3 hours
• Highly Structured
Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) in ATC
Crisis Management Briefing
• Provide information• Provide a sense of leadership• Reduce sense of chaos• Enhance credibility• Rumour control• Provide coping resources• Engender cohesion and morale• Re-establish a sense of community/social
cohesion• Psychological screening
Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) in ATC
• 2004
• ATCOs only
• 2006; Engineers
• 2008; Award for Outstanding
Achievement
• 2010; All Personnel
• 2011; CISM for Managers
Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) in ATC
• 40 Individual Defusings per month
• 2 CISDs per year
• 220 Defusers
• 15 Interventionists
• 19 Units
2010
Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) in ATC
DOES IT WORK?
"I do not doubt that CISM played a crucial part in helping my staff to come to terms with this incident and cope emotionally."
Debbie Westley, ATC Watch Supervisor
“I’m really grateful to the controller who ‘defused’ us. They were available immediately and although I didn’t think it was something that I needed, it was really valuable to have done it.”
Jill Martin, Flight Information Service Officer (FISO)
Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) in ATC
IS IT WORTH IT?
ATC Case Study:
11 Senior Managers38 Operational Managers352 ATCOs11 Units66 Incidents48 Incidents followed by CISM intervention
Case Study: Human Performance and Air Traffic Management WHITE PAPER, EUROCONTROL, September 2010
£ €
$
Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) in ATC
ATC Case Study:CISM
•Reduced emotional stability•Performance unaffected•No loss of productivity
ATC Case Study:NON-CISM
•Reduced emotional stability•Impairment of traffic flow•Delays of flights•10% Loss of productivity over 7.7 days
IS IT WORTH IT?
IS IT WORTH IT? Every € returns 3.6 times
Case Study: Human Performance and Air Traffic Management WHITE PAPER, EUROCONTROL, September 2010
£ €
$
Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) in ATC
CONCLUSION
CISM has become a standard part of an SMS in ANSPs world wide.
There is no reason to believe that CISM would not work in any other Aviation
SMS
Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) in ATC
Any questions?
