Crowded Coasts

Competition for coasts

How physical factors create a variety in a range of different coastal environments.

1. Define the following terms:

CoastOnshore zoneOffshore zoneDynamic Equilibrium

2. Classify the main factors that influence the coast.

Land Sea Weather and Climate Human activities

3. Identify the human and physical features from the aerial photograph below.

Global - Quick coasts facts

3 billion people live within 100km of the coast Coastal population densities are typically 80 people / km2 – 50% more than non coastal

areas; they rise to 1000+ in the Nile and Ganges deltas. Migration is a key component of growth

4. Create a mind map below showing how people may upset the dynamic equilibrium of the coast.

The factors that have led to exponential population growth in some coastal environments.

Coastal GoodsCoastal Services

The factors below show why the coastal zone has always attracted settlers and been favoured by developers.

1. Annotate the diagram above identifying which do you think is the most important and why?

How may people upset the dynamic

equilibrium of the coast?

2. Provide evidence below that the coast is a magnet for people.

3. List the goods and services provided by coastal ecosystems.

Goods Services

4. Complete the table below showing awareness of these factors detailing named examples.

Factors leading to population growth

Example

Biodiversity

Fishing

Flat land

Recreation and Tourism

Transport and Trade

Farming

Equable Climate

Fertile soil

Investigate and contrast the development of two stretches of crowded coast

Case Studies/examples Reasons for growthLancashire Coastal

plain

Blackpool, UK

Or

BrightonBenidorm, Spain

Boscombe, UK

Coping with the pressure

How development cab lead to patterns of zoning in coastal areas and how competition for space put pressure on the coastal environments.

Coastal developments create patterns resulting from the competition for space. This can lead to pressure on coastal environments.

The sea and shoreline can distort the patterns of land use. Hotels and guest houses are attracted to sea views or promenade sites. Tourist and recreational attractions are linked to piers or key sites.

1. Annotate the aerial photograph of Brighton showing elements of a typical seaside resort.

Pier Zone of smaller hotelsFunfairArcades, candy floss,

ice creams, cafe Traffic congestion

2. What is the nature of tourism in Brighton today?

Waterfront:

Bars/nightclubs:

Festivals:

Stage/hen weekends:

Shopping (The Lanes):

3. Define the following terms

Stakeholders

4. Complete the conflict matrix below for the Key Stakeholders in Lyme Bay, Dorset

Wildlife Scallop dredgers

Trawlers Potters Diving and angling

Other recreation

Wildlife

Scallop dredgersTrawlers

Potters

Diving and anglingOther recreation

Large hotels with variable occupancy

rates

Zone of Bed and Breakfasts

Guest houses, very few en suite

Park and pleasure gardens

Shopping area

Mixture of tourist and medium grade and smaller shops

Groynes to protect disappearing beach

5. Describe the use of the Lyme Bay coast in Dorset creates both competition and conflict.

Competition Conflict

6. Explain the value of Coral Reefs

Biodiversity:

The protection they provide for low lying coasts:

Their rich fish stocks:

Recreation and tourism appeal:

7. Explain how development of Coral reefs can have negative environmental impacts of the reef.

Primary Impacts Secondary Impacts Decline

8. Complete the table below detailing the value of both this habitat and the human impacts upon the habitat.

High Value coastal habitats Value of the habitat Human impacts on the habitatMangroves

Salt Marshes

9. Define the following term

Land reclamation

10. Complete the key below and annotate on the map built up areas and reclaimed land in Tokyo bay. Add notes to support the case study.

Notes:

Key

Reclaimed landBuilt up are not on reclaimed land

Economic benefits versus environmental costs

Outline the Dibden Bay issue:

List the positive and negative economic and environmental impacts on the Dibden Bay Development.

Economic impacts Environmental impactsPositive Negative Positive Negative

List 4 stakeholders below and identify the reasons for support or objection

Stakeholders Reasons for support or objection

Create a mind map on the next page showing the impacts on the pressure show below on the coast.

Pressures on the Coasts

Increasing risks

The growing level of coastal development faces increasing risks from coastal erosion and flooding.

Rapid coastal erosion along vulnerable coasts The impact of rising sea levels in areas of dense population and high value installations,

particularly those that may be subject to tsunamis and storm surges.

Define the following terms:

Sea level rise

Isostatic change

Eustatic change

Draw three annotated diagrams to explain how the following occur make reference to the factors influencing the magnitude of the hazards.

Coastal erosion

Tsunami

Storm surges

Key words to include in annotations:

You should be aware of the risks posed by the growing incidence of coastal hazards – and potentially their social, economic and environmental impacts

Produce brief case studies of:

Case studies Location and impactsRapid cliff erosion (Holderness)

Rising sea levels linked to storm surges (New Orleans, Hurricane Katrina or UK, 1953)

Tsunamis (Asian Tsunami 2004)

Coastal management

How is coastal management adapting to new ideas and situations?

You should be aware that there are a range of coastal management and defence strategies. What are their advantages and disadvantages?

Define the following terms:

Hard engineering

Soft engineering

Coastal Squeeze

Select 6 hard/soft engineering techniques and explain their nature and purpose, strengths and weaknesses

Technique Nature and purpose

Strengths Weaknesses

What are the problems with the hard enginerring approach?

Outline the following approaches to a Shoreline Management Plan (SMP).

Approach Description including advantages and disadvantagesHold the line

Strategic retreat

Do Nothing

Advance the line

Describe the three criteria coastal management strategies should be judged on

Feasibility

Cost-effectiveness

Appropriateness

The aerial photograph below shows the stretch of coast between Hastings and Pett Level, East Sussex. Annotate the map with the management strategies used along this coastline.

Management strategies for the future

1. Describe the following

Shoreline management plans (SMP)

Sediment Cells

Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM)

Sustainable coastal management

2. List the factors that make it difficult to predict the future of coastal areas.